International Journal of Children and Adolescents
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Jan 2016

In the present study, the diagnostic agreement between surgical and pathological findings of appendicitis in children was tested. The aim was to assess the association between patient body mass index (BMI) and this diagnostic agreement.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 121 consecutive children aged less than 15 years suspected to acute appendicitis that were candidate for appendectomy in surgery ward of Ali-Asghar hospital between 2006 and 2011. The patients’ characteristics were collected from hospital recorded files.
Assessment of surgical and pathological findings showed a good agreement between the two procedures with an agreement value of 0.69. The overall prevalence of obesity in those with and without pathological appendicitis was 8.7% and 21.5% with a significant difference between them (p= 0.012). Also, the mean BMI in patients with surgical appendicitis was 19.6 ± 4.9 kg/m2 and in those with normal appendix was 20.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2 that was significantly lower in former group (p= 0.041).Thus, the mean BMI in patients with appendicitis diagnosed surgically or pathologically was lower than those with normal appendix.
Obesity is more common in children with normal appendix surgically and/or pathologically. Thus, the over diagnosis of appendicitis is higher in obese children.

Achievement of motor skills is an important part of childhood development. There are some scales that commonly used for preschool-aged children including Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition (PDMS-2). A cross sectional study designed to compare motor skills of high risk and normal infants of 3 to 6 months of age.
In this case control study, 45 high risk infants 3-6 month of age were compared with 45 normal cases that matched for age and sex, for evaluation of motor development by PDMS-2. Subjects were selected by cluster sampling from different health centers of Tehran. Data about gross, fine and total scores were analyzed using SPSS software version 13.
There was a significant difference between gross, fine and total motor scores in normal and high risk infants with perinatal risk factors (P Fine, gross and total motor scores in normal and high risk infants of 3- 6 months old are significantly different. It is recommended to evaluate movement development by PDMS-2 in mentioned infants and starting rehabilitation as soon as possible.

Vitamin D (Vit D) has an important role as immunoregulator. Its deficiency is deemed as a risk factor for respiratory system infection. In this study the serum Vit D levels of healthy and with pneumonia children were compared.
In this prospective case control study, 31 hospitalized children due to pneumonia and 40 healthy children both aged between 6 and 60 months were included. Serum Vit D level in these two groups were measured and compared. P values less than 0.05 considered significant.
There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding “weight for age Z-score”, however, no significant difference was found between them with respect to “height for age Z-score” as well as serum Vit D level. The mean serum Vit D level was 30.71 ng/ml and 31.89 ng/ml in case group and control group, respectively (P=0.77).
Our study did not support a straight relation between serum Vit D level and pneumonia. This finding might be due to consumption of supplemental Vit D by most of infants and toddlers in Iran. Further investigation in this area is recommended.

Some neurologic complications may be detected after renal transplantation in children including tremor, peripheral neuropathy, altered level of consciousness and seizure. The aim of our study was to detect the prevalence of seizure after renal transplantation and its risk factors in pediatric age groups.
In this descriptive study, 102 patients 5-14 year old in Ali-Asghar children’s hospital with renal transplantation were enrolled from December 2011 to December 2013. Data about age, gender, primary renal diseases, seizure type, history of previous seizure, and causes of seizure were analyzed through SPSS v.18.
Mean (SD) age was 11.69±2.52 years. Fifty seven cases (57.8%) were male. Twelve (11.8%) cases had seizures. Mean age of seizure group was lower than group without seizure (P= 0.001). Causes of seizures were hypertension in 7(58%), febrile seizure in 3(25%), meningoencephalitis in 1(8.5%) and subdural hematoma in one patient (8.5%). Eleven (91.7%) patients had generalized seizure. Seven (6.9%) of all patients had history of previous seizures and 6(86%) were in seizure group (p=0.000). Four cases died and 2(50%) were in seizure group (P= 0.01).There was no significant relationship between gender, primary renal disease, and seizure occurrence after transplantation.
In our study, hypertension was common cause of seizure disorder after renal transplantation. Seizures were higher in patients with lower age at transplantation time and with seizure history before transplantation. It is recommended to have more attention prior renal transplantation with neurology consultation and particular management of hypertension after renal transplantation.

There has been a resurgence of nutritional rickets in children in many developing countries. Furthermore, Vitamin D deficiency is one of the major health problems and unexpectedly has a high prevalence in sunny countries (e.g. Middle East). In order to find out the association between vitamin D deficiencies in mothers and their neonates, we designed this study.
In a cross-sectional study, 49 pregnant women were recruited from Ali-Asghar children’s hospital in Tehran, in 2015. All blood samples were assayed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine. Vitamin D deficiency defined as levels of 25(OH) D The mean±SD 25OHD levels of the mothers and their neonates were 26.1±8.44 ng/mL and 17.23 ±10.36 ng/Ml, respectively. Serum 25OHD of the mothers and their neonates were significantly correlated (r = 0.446, P We found a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency in mothers and their neonates. We think it is necessary to reconsider the recommendation of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.

This is a report of a case with unilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis due to ipsilateral ethmoid sinusitis.
A 10 year old female was admitted in our hospital with severe headache, purulent postnasal discharge, right eye proptosis and third cranial nerve palsy in the same eye. She had history of viral upper respiratory tract infection and then acute otitis media which did not improve with routine medications. Head imaging showed ethmoid sinusitis and cavernous sinus thrombosis. Clinical manifestation was subsided after thirty days aggressive antimicrobial and anticoagulant therapy.
Ethmoid sinusitis can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis. Appropriate management by antibiotic and anticoagulant therapy can prevent neurologic complications and death.