نشریه مطالعات نقد زبانی و ادبی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1396)

Stream of consciousness is a relatively new technique in writing fiction which was first used by writers such Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, and James Joycein their works. The main feature of this technique is presenting a stream of thoughts and subjective images, often without a certain structure and coherence.The plot of the fiction transcends the boundaries of a normal setting—time and place—and the reader can get a relative understanding of the text only through the words spoken by characters.This style of writing was welcomed in our country from the very beginning of modern story writingby writers such as Sadegh Hedayat, Sadegh Chubak and Hooshang Golshiri.In Mirrors with Cover Doors, Houshang Golshirihas employed stream of consciousness and specifically soliloquy—a literary device based on the free association of meanings—to depict the complexities of the characters’ personalities in the story and to penetrate deep into their thought.

Fantastic Realism, which has been mentioned in various debates and critiques with different titles including genre and school, is a term that was formed on a background provided by schools such as Surrealism. The features of this literary and artistic style first appeared in the works of the well-knownRussian writer, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and it was later investigated by theoristssuch asMikhailBakhtin and Malcolm V. Jones as a theory.
FantasticRealism is a kindof realism that featuresfantasies, in the sense that it expresses extrinsic realitiesaccording to innermost feelings and desiresof human beings. This leads to a doubt about reality and makes the reader suspect his/herunderstanding of reality.Like many other contemporary schools and genres, this theory has been widely disseminated throughout the world, including Iran, and Iranian writers who had the intellectual and cultural potential for such an artistic style, have welcomed it. KhosrowHamzavi is a writer whose works are consistent with this literary style, in a way that they can be labelled‘Fantastic Realism’. His novel When Simoom Was blowing on a Stemincorporates the features and characteristics of this theory and style of literature. In this research, we examine the features of Fantastic Realism in this novel.

Deleuzian approach to literature is one in modern world of literature that in a way distances itself from the traditions and proposes a new way to study different literary works. Gilles Deleuze presents a new viewpoint toward ‘becoming-woman’, which itself is an element in his idea of ‘becoming-minority’— distancingoneself from the viewpoint of the majority.A traditional view normally causes ‘territorialization’ and ‘becoming-minority’ is an act of getting away from the very territory that tradition imposes on the majority. Also, ‘becoming-woman’ happens when a woman has or finds the power to consider herself equal to a man and deterritorialize the patriarchy by her own will. MoniroRavanipour is a story writer who intends to depict the feminine world in her works, including Kanizu, and gives her attention to the minority.
This article analyzes the story Kanizu using Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s viewpoints and intends to introduce a text which rejects the patriarchal territory. A finding of this study is the characters’ concern for traditional and common definitions of women’s social behaviors. Female characters do not accept such concerns which belong to patriarchal territory and do not accept any biological difference between themselves and male characters.

As far as sociology, religion is a multidimensional phenomenon that this option is disabled diversity in human behavior. In 1965 Glock and Astarg for all religions attached five dimensions. Most researchers accepted this model and it was appropriate for religious study. Since the Shah Ne'mat Allah Vali, one of the Persian mystic poets of religiosity and adherence to the law is an important aspect of his personality, so the hypothesis that the applicability of Glock and Astarg was built in his poems based on that, the author analyzes and describes the religious aspects of Shah Ne'mat Allah Vali. The output of this qualitative study was conducted by the manner in which information has been collected by library research and browsing documents show that his attention has been paid to the religion of Islam believe in. In this regard, the poet referred to the question of the true faith of many a believer, but most themes, the question of prayer with the Lord rounder.

In this article, the structure of Guilan’s moral proverbs, has been analyzed from literary, lingual, and anthropological viewpoints. In its different sections—form, structure, sign and content—the article introduces the simple-minded, abstract, deterministic—in a word, naturalistic—qualities of the target moral proverbs.The dominant element of proverbs is morality; however,the purpose of this article is not to collect and introduce all the moral proverbs. We have selected only a few proverbs as typical samples, and generalized them.The proverbs have a magisterial and preventive tone in their structure, but because of the unfit nature of human being, there is no hope for their change.

This article is sought to show how a semiotic study can be used to understand the communication aspects of product design. To achieve this goal after explaining the basic concepts and explaining some of the benefits and necessities of the semiotics from the perspective of the specialists of this science and then a brief glimpse of how this knowledge was created and explain some of the tools and theories of this science how to use this knowledge in product design by providing case examples (Panasonic products in billboards and TV ads) based on Judith Williamson, the analysis of the semiotic model was carried out. In analyzing the propaganda messages and the format of the examination of different samples, it was found that the five elements of Williamson's semiotic analyzes are:Differentiation function, Objective coherence, Dependence of the reality of goods, Creates a sense of commodityand Replacing the feeling with the goods in Panasonic's products are clear and the ideological meaning of each ad made through significant and by analyzing the cognitive symptoms, the hidden meanings of the images (significant) can be decoded. Semiotics in addition to the presentation of techniques to strengthen the propaganda messages, it is also used in the discovery of a hidden system of meaning or the system of hidden values in propaganda.

Dialectology is an area of scientific linguistics which is categorized in the modern linguistics. ‘Lasheni’ dialect is a branch of Lori dialect, one that is spoken in southwest of Iran. This analytical-descriptive inquiry tries to research the verb types in Lasheni dialect. For this purpose, the data collected by interviewing people who speak this dialect—particularly middleaged and old people who live in Arsanjan, a town in Fars province—is compared to the verb types in Standard Persian language. The results indicate thatin this dialect there are just two verb tenses which are ‘present’ and ‘past’ and in order to show the future tense of verbs, simple present sentences are used by specific future adverbs. Also, for making negative verbs the prefixes‘Ma/Na’ and to make the continuous forms the prefix ‘me’—instead of ‘mi’—are used. Actually, ‘me’ is a verb prefix of high frequency in Lasheni dialect.

Feminists discuss God's gender, female students keep silent in religious classes in Canada, Tourette syndrome patients exhibit uncontrollable swearing, and participants in American religious associations discuss God, parents, gender, and eroticism. At first glance, these topics seem unrelated, but in this book, Allyson Jule attempts to portray a picture of the intersection where language, gender, and religion meet. Some of the topics appearing in these articles are fundamental to our understanding of gender and language: The importance of power in the asymmetry of gendered language; the use of language in individuals' gender identities; the importance of local language and gender analysis in communities; gender differences in language teaching; and the interaction of discourses about gender and sexuality. This book broadens our understanding of such issues and introduces religion as a new perspective through which linguistic issues can be dealt with.