مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (شتاء 1440)

Prison literature is one of the branches of literary criticism that has been shaped by various political and social currents and narrating the sincere feelings of those who have often been detainedand persecuted for seeking freedom. Reza Barahani (1935) and Abdul RahmanMajeed al-Rubaie (1939) are the contemporary writers of Persian and Arabic literature who are pioneer in this field. The novel Bad az Arose cheGozasht(What happened after the Wedding) describes the harsh and insulting attitudes of SAVAK officers with political prisoners in the form of noble character Shahir and reflects the political atmosphere in the era of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.  The novel Alvashm also presents an image of the defeat of the first republican system and the return of tyranny to Iraqi society between 1958 and 1963, in the form of Karim al-Nasri's personality. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and based on the American Comparative Literature School, examins and compares the two selected novels from the perspective of the prisonliterature and concludes that the purpose of both writers was to draw the intellectual space and the way governments then interacted with intellectuals in Iran and Iraq, with this difference that the political condition of the two countries have brought different outcomes for the heroes.

Scientific developments have had an impact on all aspects of life and have raised various topics to be answered in legitimate ways. Acquiring descent through scientific methods is one of the new problems today. Since this is the most important issue in preserving the ancestry, sharia s also given it utmost importance. In the jurisprudence, to prove the lineage of the child born to the matriarch is in accordance to the hadith of "the child of the bed and the stone" i.e. the child belongs to husband’s legitimate wife. Even though bed linen is thought to be relevant to the degree of cutting and science, the degree of proof of modern scientific tests such as blood analysis, and DNA testing is 97. And in some ways up to 99% i.e. the proof by these methods is very close to science and disconnection. It is not easy to precisely research the process of matching the subject with the instances to reach the Sharia ruling. Therefore, today, many questions being raised about the detection of pedigree in modern ways need legitimate response. This article tries to respond to those questions through an analytical-descriptive manner of Islamic law. Some of these questions are: Is DNA detection, blood analysis, and finger printing legitimate. Some jurist call them legitimate while others say they are not authentic.

A novel is an art of narrating incident or story that is considered to be one of the best and beautiful kinds of verse. The text's sociology attempts to make the reading in a profound and fundamental way and is not complete or cannot fulfill its existence until it is read. Sociological criticism is one of the new and effective methods in analyzing literary texts especially novels. Accordingly, this article seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method to read the text of “Al-Audah ela al-Manfa" (Return to the Exile), a novel by Abu al-Maati Abu al-Naja, and shows the social and ideological issues the Egyptian community lived in it. The purpose of selecting this novel was its importance in drawing the Egyptian society and expressing their suffering during the presence of foreigners in the country. The results indicate that the narrator knows middle Egyptian classes well because he spent his life there and describes a certain ideology that can be expressed through the structural unification of the novel. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between the elements of place and time as well as social groups and personality with the issues and problems posed in the novel.

The present study aims to identify the dimensions and components of the youth entrepreneurship training. Accordingly, the research method is applied based on the purpose and the qualitative research design. The research community consists of experts and youth entrepreneurship. Twenty-two individuals are selected as sample size using targeted sampling while data are collected using semi-deep interviews. To ensure the validity of the tool, the survey method is used by members (interviewers) and triangulation of data sources. The data analysis method is coded as open, axial and selective coding. The results show that the dimensions of youth entrepreneurship development include entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurship education training and entrepreneurship soft skills. Also, the findings show that entrepreneurial attitude includes spirit, education, and entrepreneurship knowledge training, including specialized and management knowledge as well as soft skills of entrepreneurship, including teamwork, creativity and risk taking.

The present study is aimed at determining the role of teachers' emotional intelligence components (composition class) in predicting the aspects of creativity (writing) among students. A descriptive-correlation method is adopted in the course of this study. The sample includes 291 students of the 10th grade as well as 10 composition teachers from the city of Qom in the academic year of 2018-2019. They were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling and were evaluated by Torrance Test of Creativity and BarOn Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The results of correlation analysis and multivariate regression indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between teachers' interpersonal skills and innovation and the elaboration of creativity among students. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between teachers' stress management and flexibility, innovation and elaboration of the students. The results also indicated that teachers' interpersonal skills meaningfully predict innovation and expansion in students; their stress management meaningfully predicts flexibility and innovation in students; and their general mood meaningfully predicts the elaboration of students' creativity. The results of the present study support that the emotional intelligence components of teachers are significant to foster the aspects of students’ creativity. Therefore, holding Teacher Training Emotional Intelligence Course seems to be necessary.

Today, one of the most debatable issues of inequality is the issue of gender discrimination that is being discussed at various levels worldwide. This is an issue which if ignored; the society will not be able to move forward. The purpose of this study is to examine the sociological dimension of gender discrimination and its impact on socio-economic development (Tehran District 3). This is a survey research, which uses the descriptive-analytical method with questionnaire and Cochran's formula of sample size of 384 people in the first cluster sampling (blocking) and then in each block it applies simple random method to collect data. The statistical population is citizens of Tehran over 18 years of age, which is N = 296987. Pearson correlation and regression coefficients were used for data analysis by SPSS software. Results of correlation coefficient showed that economic factors with correlation (0.704) had the strongest relationship with social economic development and social factors (0.614). Political factors (0.331) were positively correlated and cultural factors (-0.618), biological factors (-0.404), and religious factors (-0.224) were negatively correlated with socioeconomic development. The results of regression coefficient also showed that economic factors accounted for 77% of the variations of socio-economic development variables, religious factors 21%, biological factors 46%, social factors 57%, cultural factors 61% and political factors affect 34%.