Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

 To compare keratometry and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements performed using Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland) and the Pentacam (Oculus, Weltzar, Germany) devices in healthy eyes.

Sixty eyes of 30 healthy volunteers were included in this prospective study. Keratometry and ACD measurements were obtained using Lenstar, followed by Pentacam on the same day.  The readings of the two instruments were compared to evaluate their agreement.

The mean age of participants was 40.01 ± 12.29 years (Range 10 to 65years).  The mean ACD was 2.762 ± 0.281 millimeters when measured using Lenstar and 2.801 ± 0.273 millimeters when measured with Pentacam (P = 0.03). The average mean keratometry was 44.45 ± 1.65 diopter when measured with Lenstar and 44.16 ± 1.55 diopter when measured using  Pentacam (P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated a wide range of inter-device differences in mean keratectomy and also ACD measurements between the two devices.

Our findings suggest that the ACD and keratometry measurements obtained using the Lenstar and Pentacam devices might not be interchangeable.Key words: Anterior Chamber; Cornea; Pentacam; Lenstar.

To report the chronic effect of mustard gas exposure on visual pathway measured by visual evoked potentials.Patients and

 The present study included 150 participants in three groups. The case group included 50 patients with chronic mustard gas exposure inflicted on them during the Iran - Iraq war (1980 - 1988).  The first control group included fifty veterans of the Iran -  Iraq war with no history of exposure to mustard gas and the second control group included 50 age and sex matched participants with no history of involvement in the war. Visual evoked potentials including latency and amplitude of VEP, P100 peak wave were measured in all participants and were compared between groups.

The result of the present study showed significant delay in mean latency of VEP, P100 peak in the case group compared to both control groups, while the difference in amplitude of VEP, P100 peak was not statistically significant.

A significant delay in the latency of VEP, P100 peak among patients with a chronic history of mustard gas exposure was found, which might be due to disturbances in visual pathway caused by mustard gas exposure.Keywords: Mustard gas; Evoked potentials; Visual; Iran.

To carry out an epidemiological assessment of corneal dystrophies leading to corneal transplantation and to determine different subtype frequencies. Patients and

In this retrospective study, pathological records of patients who had corneal transplantations other than endothelial keratoplasty between the years 2002 and 2014 were examined. To determine different subtype frequencies when corneal dystrophies led to corneal transplantation the IC3D classification of corneal dystrophies-edition 2 was used.

Of the 5867 eyes undergoing corneal transplant surgery during the study timeframe, 239 (4.07%) belonged to patients with corneal dystrophy. The most common age group was between 20 and 29 years (n=57; 23.8%). Macular corneal dystrophy was the most frequent corneal dystrophy subtype (n=117; 49%). Patients with epithelial and sub-epithelial dystrophies were significantly younger, and patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and lattice corneal dystrophy were the oldest age group when undergoing corneal transplantation.

Based on our findings Macular corneal dystrophy was the most common corneal dystrophy subtype in patients scheduled for corneal transplantations other than endothelial keratoplasty.   Keywords: Corneal dystrophy; Pathology; Corneal transplantation, Iran.

To evaluate the effect of topical betamethasone eye drops on postoperative haze among patients undergoing corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). Patients and

Patients with mild to moderate keratoconus, aged 18 to 30 years, who were a candidate for CXL treatment and had the evidence of disease progression based on topographic findings entered the present study. One eye of each patient randomly received betamethasone and topical antibiotics after CXL and the other eye received topical antibiotics and placebo in place of betamethasone. The eyes were compared regarding BCVA, UCVA, refraction, keratometric and pachymetric findings using Pentacam, as well as changes of corneal haze using confocal microscopy, before CXL as well as one month and six months after CXL.

There was no difference in BCVA, UCVA, refraction, keratometric and pachymetric findings between the two groups before and six months after surgery. Based on confocal findings, the difference in light reflectance intensity between the case and control groups was statistically significant in anterior (P = 0.021) and posterior (P = 0.017) corneal stroma one month postoperatively, indicating higher haze in the placebo group. This difference was also statistically significant in anterior (P = 0.001) mid (P = 0.002) and posterior (P = 0.002) stroma six months postoperatively.

Betamethasone had no effect on visual acuity, refraction, keratometric and pachymetric findings six months after CXL. It reduced corneal haze in both the first and the sixth months postoperatively. Keywords: Keratoconus; Cornea; Cross-Linking; Haze; Betamethasone

In this case report, two cases with diagnosis of cyclic esotropia are presented. Both patients complained of periodic alternative inside eye deviation with an interval of one day. Para- clinical tests including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and electroretinogram (ERG) were normal and no neurological abnormality or paralysis was detected. Patients were observed in two consecutive days to confirm the diagnosis of cyclic esotropia. Both patients underwent bilateral medial rectus recession surgery as routinely performed for non- cyclic esotropic patients, and the postoperative orthotropia with the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20 was obtained in both cases. In conclusion surgical and non-surgical treatments can be used for cyclic esotropia similar to what is routinely performed for non- cyclic strabismic patients. Successful therapeutic outcomes might be obtained in such patients achieving normal binocular fusion in several days with no ocular deviation. Keywords: Cyclic; Esotropia; Treatment.

Methamphetamine is one of the most addictive drugs and its usage has spread all over the world in recent decades. Methamphetamine abuse causes mental and physical problems such as psychosis and stroke and also can cause perpetual and temporal ocular diseases like episcleritis, scleritis, retinopathy, retinal vasculitis, endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis. A few cases of ocular involvement caused by amphetamines abuse have been reported. Here we present a case of retinopathy caused by inhaling methamphetamine in a 46 years old male.Keywords:Methamphetamine; Drug-related sude effects and adverse reactions; Inhalant abuse; Retinopathy.

To report a case of spontaneous exposure of anterior chamber intraocular lens in a patient with history of congenital cataract surgery ten years prior to presentation. Report of the case: A 27-year-old man presented with a two-year history of blurred vision, photophobia, mild ocular pain and redness in his left eye, with no history of prolonged eye rubbing, ocular surface disease or any evidence of trauma. On exam there was redness and swelling of the eyelids in the involved side; however, there was no evidence of any long standing ocular surface condition. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy disclosed an injected eye with haptic exposure of an angle-supported anterior chamber lens approximately 1 mm posterior to the limbus through the sclera. Anterior chamber was mildly inflamed and pupil was peaked towards the area of the exposed haptic. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed edematous and thickened sclera near the exposed tip. The dislocated lens was extracted and an iris-fixated anterior chamber lens was implanted instead. According to the size of the IOL and the white to white distance of the patient, it seemed that an incorrect selection of IOL size was the reason for the haptic exposure.

We presented a rare case of spontaneous anterior chamber lens exposure and its surgical management in a patient with an otherwise healthy ocular surface. It was concluded that an error in IOL size selection might have been the cause of spontaneous haptic exposure.Key words:  Lenses; Intraocular; Anterior chamber; Sclera.