فصلنامه مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار
پیاپی 32 (تابستان 1399)

Urban areas today face a number of structural problems that have a lot of impact on the extent of damages. These changes are evident in most cases, in addition to the physical dimensions, in both social and economic dimensions, one of which is exhausting. The concept of urban resilience, considering the extent of these changes, seeks to predict the damage, as easily as to stabilize a system that is particularly important when discussing about valuable historical areas. Urban form as comprehensive idea, composed of all visible elements of the urban center, whether natural or artifact, and the spatial crystallization and form of the activities of the urban community, which is exemplified by its three dimensional nature, in addition to the surface, in bulk. This composition includes human artifacts and natural elements, that the study of its resilience can be a shortcut to measure the stability of the system on an intermediate scale. The aim of this study is to explain the structure and optimal model of the resilience in the urban form of the declined neighborhood in historic neighborhoods of Tehran, which includes Udlajan, Sanglej, Bazzar, Chale-Medan and Dolat neighborhoods. Therefore, this numerical value can be analyzed in the most appropriate method at the level of comparison with the successful global examples, and the urban form resilience is assessed with emphasis on social and physical dimensions. After analyzing the findings, it can provide the necessary strategy and policy to explain and document in urban design projects. In the present methodology, which is analytical-descriptive after collecting data in a library and survey, metric calculations in the form of maps, tables and graphics have been used in the analysis of urban form on the scale of residential neighborhood by analytical method, and to evaluate the local community dimension, numbers of questionnaires have been used on a ordinal scale. In the following, by using the distance from the optimal level, calculating the level of urban form resilience for each neighborhood. The results indicate that the resilience of the urban form of these neighborhoods has an inappropriate distance from the optimal optimum level in successful experiments and practically isn’t resilience, but Dolat neighborhood with an ARI of 0.65 can be a more appropriate example in explaining the urban regeneration approach. Finally, with the explanation and emphasis on the fundamental concepts of sustainability and resilience, due to the long history of historical areas in most metropolises, our country can change the nature of the type of intervention in order to develop tourism and optimize the efficiency of these areas and these issues can be considered as a principle in most urban design projects.

Urban areas are the main centers of economic, social and political growth in any country and have proven themselves to be the most attractive places for wealth, work, creativity and innovation. But at the same time, these areas also face significant challenges in the areas of physical and environmental degradation, social deprivation, insecurity, unemployment, housing shortages, traffic, and marginalization that greatly reduce the quality of urban life. However, policymakers and planners at international and national levels emphasize cities' ability to improve the quality of human life. This has made comparisons of the quality of urban life in cities more important to the study of urban justice that has received less attention in past research. Therefore, the present study, with a descriptive-analytical method, has attempted to analyze how urban perceptions of urban quality of life are compared with their residents' perceptions with a comparative approach. To this end, indicators of housing, utilities, urban transport, economic, education, recreation, health, safety and security, and overall life satisfaction were selected as research measures. Then, based on these indices, a 72-question questionnaire was designed and distributed in the central ring neighborhoods of Hamadan. Data were then compared using SPSS 19 and GIS software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the quality of objective and subjective life in the study areas.

Urban planning has gone from the past to the present day to a greater extent based on physical factors, to the extent that the basis of urban planning plans and urban plans influenced urban development and physical spaces. It's The city is the product of complex economic and social relations and its spatial heterogeneity reflects the processes of widespread socio-economic-cultural-social life in the context of nature in history. Understanding the pattern of spatial development in the major cities of the regions and countries is essential for the formulation of appropriate policies and the achievement of sustainable development. Achieving this also requires the use of appropriate and advanced methods and tools. This article was written with the aim of studying the spatial growth and development of Gorgan city using spatial analysis models and spatial correlation techniques using GIS. Accordingly, in order to analyze the spatial development of Gorgan, a research hypothesis was presented and analyzed through descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, various spatial statistics and spatial correlation techniques, including cluster analysis, Moran and Gray coefficients, General G, hot spots analysis, have been used. The results show that Gorgan has experienced a cluster-dominated randomized growth pattern with the formation of two hot spots in the southern and eastern part of the city and a cold lake in the northern part.

To achieve development in deprived areas, as the ultimate goal of deprivation planning, the first step is to get a real understanding of the status quo and the level of ownership of the areas as a prelude to development. Thus, offering a robust model and model of deprivation, it is important to identify deprivation indicators and related parameters to reduce deprivation. Accordingly, the present study aimed to introduce a scientific model for identifying highly deprived areas, to targeted jihadist movements. This research In terms of purpose, applied and the way to do it Descriptive-analytical. How to collect information in a way documents and data Collection tools, Considering the research objectives Was based on data and information tables and common forms of the Census of Population and Housing (Especially the statistical year 2011 of Bushehr province). Area of case study, Dashti County and the technique used was Fuzzy Vikor. Findings showed in Bushehr province, it had the highest deprivation to the counties of Dair, Daylam and Jam. Analysis of findings at Dashti county level also indicated that Kaki district was the most deprived part of Dashti County and the rural district of Kaki and Choghabour have been the most deprived areas, respectively. The results showed that by precise and hierarchical determination of deprived areas, From County level to section and from rural district to village and from rural district to village, Deprivation centers can be identified and after identifying the target area, with scientific knowledge and precise need assessment of the indicators needed for each area, target indicators can be identified and took action to fix them. Finally, a scientific model for identifying highly deprived areas was proposed. However, suggested template present although not free from error, But it can be a small step towards a much wider and more scientific research project.

This article tries to examine the relationship between the components of location creation in stationary rail transport spaces with sensory richness as the most important component of sensory architecture. The research method was descriptive-analytical, in the context of the survey and using library studies and obtaining the opinion of experts by questionnaire and interview, which according to Farid Man's test, legibility and orientation-orientation as the first priority of the components of place creation. It was selected in rail station spaces. Then, in order to achieve legibility and facilitate routing and orientation in these spaces, the effect of sensory richness on the mentioned components was measured. In this regard, Tajrish metro stations, Mehrabad airport and Valiasr square were selected as the sample and the initial data were completed using a picture questionnaire and interviews with users under special sensory conditions. In the data analysis stage, the analysis of variance structure or structural equation modeling (SEM) was used, then the research hypotheses, i.e. the relationship between sensory richness and increasing legibility and facilitating routing-orientation based on significant coefficients were examined and approved.

The study of the architectural history is a critical attempt to understanding the architecture. Our expectation of studying history of architecture is not just understanding past, but the relationship between past and future. Contemporary architectural scholars should not consider architecture as changing and renewing phenomenon, but pinpoint its nature, beginning and the process of its transformation. Pahlavi architecture is the beginning of modern Iranian architecture. The purpose of this study is to review and identify the thoughts of architecture of this period and its changing. Therefore, it is not involved in the analysis or classification of buildings according to the degrees of influence by tradition or modernity. It attempts to explore the thoughts of architects that shaped the evolution of modern Iranian architecture. It has been in recent decade that considerable growth in number of published historical works about Pahlavi architecture is evident.  Reviewing the Pahlavi architecture literature confirms numerous gaps, such as the lack of attention by researchers to earlier researchers' findings and the repetition of some same issues, as well as the lack of research efforts to criticize them. So, the present study has attempted to investigate and analyze the previous researches to create a coherence between the findings of Pahlavi architecture till now. The research method used is a combination of logical reasoning and content analysis of case studies. The results of the research confirm that in the architecture of the Pahlavi period, as previous Iranian styles, the thoughts of the architects act as a fundamental base of its evolution and by studying them, the form and theoretical changes in the modern Iranian architecture can be explained. Pahlavi Architects' Thoughts in Seven Areas can be summed up: strengthening theoretical basics of architecture, changing architectural education, using Iranian traditional architecture, concerns about accommodation issues, thoughts influenced by foreign architects concepts, creating a Conversation Space and the employment status of architects. The evolution of architectural education in Iran during the Pahlavi era is due to the architects' interest in improving architectural education system and their interactions with government officials to achieve it. It should be noted that these architects were not only teaching but also practicing architectural work. Therefore, it can be concluded that changing and improving the architectural education system in a desirable way depends on the ideas and thoughts of the architects of that period and their interaction with the educational system. Finally, although Pahlavi architecture did not follow an evolutionary path, architects’ thoughts changing from absolute westernization (modern cube construction) to westernization (in Diba, Sihon's work) are evident in Pahlavi architectures styles, leading to the creation of a modern national style in the late Pahlavi era. This style has been close to the goals of postmodern architecture.

The place and the atmosphere that someone lives in and gets that converted as his own house is a place that comprises his personality human has spirit tempo and some behaviors that get him introduced as a social creature house additionally along with the shelter is a place for forming the social interactions in order to indulge his needs at the current time I'm behavioral patterns and residential paradigms of people mostly are overlooked therefore the main reason of these survey is to consider the reciprocate effect of social interaction of people over the internal atmosphere of houses by changing the behavioral patterns domestic interrelationship   changes there for managing the different atmosphere would emerge in these survey this study is descriptive and analytic regarding case study in order to access the purposes some conceptual items such as social interaction and behavioral pattern or managing the domestic interrelationship would be asserted then the social interaction and its effect on domestic behavior would be evaluated that includes single houses and one apartment which has been located in Hamilton the consequences of these study indicate the reciprocate social interaction pattern and administrating houses internal atmosphere in both samples. It is appeared that exclusive behaviors could affected on both  samples on the basis of shape, sizes and organization of spaces at the same ways, privacy and bedding are crucial factors at single house and within apartment eating plays as a key role.