Personalized Medicine Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 14, Summer 2019

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics such as cell polarity and cell–cell contact, and gain mesenchymal properties, such as increased motility. In colorectal cancer (CRC), EMT is associated with an invasive or metastatic phenotype. EMT induced by special transcription factors such as EMT-TF. The ZEB and Twist proteins were defined as EMT‐TFs. All of these factors are expressed in embryogenesis and are capable of regulating developmental programs. In the current study, we evaluated Zeb1 and Twist1 expression levels in 30 CRC patients and 30 adjacent tissue from same patient. Our findings revealed a significant association of Zeb1 and Twist1 expression levels with CRC incidence, suggesting their potential for targeted therapy of disease.

Regarding to ethnicity and racial complexity in socially heterogeneous and refugee-accepting countries, family approach for organ donation request from a deceased donor could be unpredictable. The problem could be settled by adherence to coordinator-donor conformity rule besides principals of donor family care. In our OPU, we have recruited a considerable quantity of organ donation coordinators (mainly medical students) with different ethnicities, dialects, and personality types. In this study, we have assessed family approach success indices in two different eras (Before 2017 and after this time). These included overall family consent and refusal rates, time interval from the first interview to actual donation, the weight of different age clusters in the donor pool and etc. Considerable progress was achieved in all family approach success indices. Overall family consent rate was found to be increased from 61% in the first era to 88% in the second era (P = 0.005). The mandatory time for the coordinators to obtain family consent dropped significantly. (12.2 ± 8.6 to 6.3 ± 4.8 Hr, P = 0.02). Furthermore, the weight of precious young donors (< 40 years) increased from 36% to 47% (P = 0.05) due to more success rate in more difficult young cases. Appropriate recruitment of organ donation coordinators warranties more successful organ donation efforts after proper training. Decision making about suitable usage of every coordinator in a specific part of the family approach stages should be done case-by-case. This strategy could be of great benefit in ethnicity and cultural variant communities.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has a critical role in spermatogenesis process and altered expression level of this gene may leads to male infertility. In the present study, the assocaitions of gene expression and promoter methylation of MTHFR with risk of oligozoospermia was assessed. Sperm DNA and RNA were extracted from 20 oligozoospermia men and 20 controls consisting of healthy fertile men. Following the modification of DNAs by sodium bisulfite treatment, the methylation status of the MTHFR gene promoter was quantified by methyl specific PCR. MTHFR expression evaluated by Quantitative PCR, or real-time PCR, (qPCR). Our data revealed a significant association of CpG island promoter methylation and MTHFR expression with risk of oligospermia (P = 0.031). The prevalence of methylation in promoter region of MTHFR can be a useful molecular biomarker to predict the predisposition of male infertility.

Despite the increasing number of diabetic patients, self-care plays an important role in the prevention and detection of various complications such as neurological disorders. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the main factors affecting diabetes type 1 and self-care. For this purpose, six volunteer subjects with diabetes type 1 were included. Their glucose levels together with the carbohydrate intake and other factors were recorded four times a day for 30 days. In order to perform statistical analysis, the one-way variance analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, time series analysis, and the combined time series (panel) analysis were applied. The findings of this study demonstrated that the alteration in blood glucose levels was strongly influenced by carbohydrate intake, physical activity, stress level, amount of sleep, and insulin; while slightly influenced by pills and supplements use, hypoglycemia, insulin sensitivity, alcohol and cigarette use, and comorbidity. In four patients, the self-care score was normal, one patient exhibited high level and the reaming showed low level. For each patient, the error rate was as follows: 6.451, 6.095, 8.819, 7.368, 6.05, 5.856. Regarding to the loss of HbA1c rate after our study, people are advised to control their blood glucose levels based on individual preferences, conditions, lifestyle, and physiology for preventing severe diabetes type 1 conditions and extra cost.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of simple steatosis that is benign to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated with fibrosis and inflammation. Genetic factors play an important role in this disease. The PNPLA3 gene (C > G) rs738409 polymorphism has been defined to be associated with increased liver fat content and liver damage in metabolic disorders. In this study, the association of this polymorphism with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was investigated in the Mazandaran province population. Our study population consisted of 85 patients and 85 controls. Blood samples were collected from patients and DNA were then extracted by boiling method. Genotypes of this polymorphism were determined by PCR-RFLP method. There was a significant relationship between CG genotype and risk of NAFLD (P = 0.012).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of MS is not clear but genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in MS development. Studies have shown that IL7R gene polymorphisms is capable of changing MS susceptibility. We investigated the association of MS with rs11567658, rs11567686 promoter polymorphisms of IL7R gene in western provinces of Iran. In the present study, 187 MS patients and 190 healthy control were evaluated. Polymorphic regions of IL7R promoter were amplified by appropriated primers and polymorphisms were then evaluated by RFLP method followed by validation via Sanger sequencing. Results shown rs11567685 and rs11567686 are significantly associationed with MS (P = 0.017 P = 0.046), significant association of these polymorphism with age was also found (P = 0.002). This study showed that IL7 receptor gene polymorphism has a key role in MS development and may be important opportunity for development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in context of personalized medicine.

Salmonella is a group of Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, 2,500 serotypes have been defined for Salmonella, are associated with 1.3 billion cases of gastroenteritis and 3 million deaths worldwide. For diagnosis of Salmonella spp. 100 vegetable samples was collected from four types of green leaves (Arugula, Leek, Celery and Cress) during February to April 2018, and then examined by cultural method using tow enrichment broth,. Afterward, Salmonella spp. were detected by PCR using Inv-A gene (796 bps). In this investigation, microbiological methods and molecular methods had been used for the diagnosis of Salmonella spp. Combination of both methods confirmed contamination of thirty samples which showed abnormal range for the contamination of vegetables in Erbil province. The present study concluded that both traditional and molecular based techniques like PCR are complementary. In this study, PCR study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. at the level of Inv-A gene from vegetables, where microbiological findings were combined with the PCR results.