نشریه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی المپیک
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1398)

In addition to the individual dimension, sport has various social, cultural, economic andpolitical dimensions, and in this regard, it is highly considered by officials andpolicymakers in all countries. In the current era, soft diplomacy and cultural and sportsdiplomacy have replaced hard diplomacy, and so sport is a tool that has very importantimplications, both domestically and internationally. In this regard, in this article, wehave tried to address the need for policy-making and planning in this field by looking atsports diplomacy, the introduction of which is cultural diplomacy. Undoubtedly,strategic and long-term policy-making is essential in achieving the intended goals, andwithout it, any short-term activities and actions will be ineffective.

The process of formation of sports action during the historical process as a social reality of sports epidemic in the structure of different institutions of any society has become a powerful social and cultural realist institution that plays a role in various social, cultural, economic and political issues. It plays an outstanding role in different geographically socialized environments, and individuals, whether formally or informally, form different groups to compete on the field. As well as being considered and considered as a social phenomenon, sport has taken a prominent place in various local, national and global levels. Formation of boards, associations, institutions, unions and main and sub-committees in the social system that deal with the issue of sports, whether cognitive or behavioral, in order to support sports activities, at the local, national and global levels, and in Formal and informal, in order to converge, local and national cohesion work both at the level of small groups and at the level of large groups, among which intra-group and extra-group cohesion are very important in advancing the goals of the social system and Culture is a sport.

Behavioral scientists such as Freudian-Florence believe that aggression is a behavior rooted in human nature. These two believe that aggression as a latent force in humans has a hydraulic state that gradually becomes compacted and compressed in the individual, and eventually needs to be discharged. Aggression is a common phenomenon that athletes often deal with directly or indirectly. Rarely can you find a topic that is as significant as aggression and violence in sports. Explaining the causes and behavior of violence in humankind is often the subject of research in sociology. In this study, the problem was studied between 300 professional and semi-professional taekwondo athletes in two groups of 150 people. Finally, the aggression model of professional taekwondo practitioners was analyzed sociologically. The method used in this study is a survey method that is described and aims to show a picture of the conditions or phenomena studied to know more about the conditions in the participants. In fact, the goal is to find the relationship  between the predictor variable and the criterion for trying to explain the variations in variable orientation. Finally, among the types of aggression, verbal aggression was higher among professional athletes and the rest of the types of aggression did not differ much, also, there was no significant relationship between the component of religious beliefs and aggression.

Sport is one of the social institutions that has been associated with the daily life ofthe people of the society since ancient times, so that different forms of sports can beseen in history, according to the climatic conditions of the culture of that society. Insome societies, competition in sports has led to the death of an athlete who has beenenjoyable for his viewers, given that sport is a social institution and the structure ofsocial institutions discusses human interaction and interaction. The result ofnormative and abnormal behaviors (anomic) is defined in human interactions andrelationships, and anomic behavior can be considered a social phenomenon. , Thesocial class and subcultures take over as we see different anomic behaviors. Thepurpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting anomic behavior amongfootball fans, which was done by survey method. The statistical population of allfootball fans who have experienced at least once going to the stadium. Afterreviewing the experimental and theoretical literature, Experience has been gainedin the field.

Informal partnerships with a long history and despite the changes that have takenplace over the last hundred years are still evident in Iranian society and havealways been superior to formal and institutionalized partnerships in this landthroughout history. The aim of this study is to investigate ways to facilitate people'ssocial participation in group and sports activities. The research method is surveyand the statistical population of high school students in Gilangharb. The findingsshow that the level of student participation in group and social activities is moderateand the power structure in the family (counseling) and encouragement have beenhigh, i.e. the family structure is more consultative among the statistical community.Encouragement also leads to greater group and social participation, and theirsocial satisfaction and trust and social cohesion are moderate, leading to less groupand social participation.

The present study seeks to investigate issues related to sports socialization and wefocused our discussion on the factors that cause a person to enter and continueworking in the field of sports. We have addressed the issue of research in such a waythat considering the role and importance of sports sociologists for socializationfactors in turning people to sports and also the importance of the family in theprocess of socialization of individuals, sport as one of the behavioral patterns underThe effect of the general flow of socialization is formed What effect does the factorof socialization, especially the family, have? This research has been done usingdocumentary and library studies. In the next step, the collected information wasanalyzed. Based on the research questions, the results show that there is arelationship between the level of sportsmanship of the family, family support forsports, family attitudes about sports, media, peers and sports socialization. From allthe studies, it has been concluded that the family plays an important role in theprocess of sports socialization of individuals.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of market orientation andservice quality on the development of competitiveness of sports clubs innorthwestern Tehran with regard to the mediating role of market performance. Thisresearch is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of datacollection. Data collection tools were also a questionnaire that was used to compilebook and field studies. The statistical population of the present study is 474 peoplewho are managers and coaches of sports clubs in the northwest of Tehran. Using theCochran's sample size formula, 213 people were selected as the statistical sample.The sampling method was also stratified random. In this study, market orientationand service quality were considered as independent variables, market performancewas considered as a mediating variable and competitiveness was considered as adependent variable. The questionnaire was also of the standard type, which wasdistributed among the members of the statistical population after confirmation ofvalidity (formality and content) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha). The results ofusing structural equation modeling in the software environment of Lisrel software,showed the positive and significant effect of market orientation and service qualityon the development of competitive ability of clubs directly and indirectly (throughthe mediating role of market performance).

New communication technologies and the expansion of a parallel world parallel tothe real world are one of the manifestations of current human life. In this article, weare going to refer to some documentary data from another perspective to discuss theinteraction between media and sports, and instead of the concept of sports media,use the keyword "media sports" to describe the deep connection between sports andmedia. Has been. Therefore, in this study, we have reviewed a number ofmanifestations of sports media in the daily life of Western countries, emphasizingthe island's snowball and how it is represented.