Journal of Injury and Violence Research
Volume:12 Issue: 3, Jul 2020

Healthy city and safe community programs are the most common initiatives gaining increasing appeal in various communities to improve safety and health, independently. The aim of this study was to develop a joint application model of safe community and healthy city.

A comprehensive literature review was conducted on healthy city and safe community programs using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct and also related websites such as WHO regional offices in 2018. The preliminary list of joint model dimensions and topics were extracted and then assessed by the expert through two roundsof decision Delphi and four expert panel sessions. Eventually, the visual model was developed and approved by the experts.

Literature review resulted in the identification of 11 programs on safety and health promotion in the community of which 35 topics were extracted. After investigating the topics accordance, they were judged (correction, merging or eliminating) by experts through Delphi rounds and panel sessions. Eventually a joint model comprising 14 dimensions, 3 core principles and 4 values called "Safe and Health Promoting Community, SHPC_ model" was developed.

SHPC model provides a parallel and comprehensive view on safety and health topics in a community. The implementation of an integrated model could be one possible way to enhance the commitments on behalf of state and local government, and health system leaders to prioritize injuries and non-communicable disease prevention to address promotion, prevention, treatment and social consequences of mutual community-based interventions.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and correlates for suicidal behaviors among school attending adolescents in Brunei.

Nationally representative cross-sectional data on (n=2599) adolescents derived from the Global School-based Health Survey in Brunei Darussalam were examined. Data on suicidal behaviors, psychosocial and demographic characteristics were analyzed using multiple logistic regressiontaking survey design into account.

Twelve months prior to being surveyed, the prevalence of suicidal behaviors was 9.3%, 6.5% and 5.9% for suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt, respectively. Females were overrepresented in attempts (61.2%).Several self-reported characteristics such as suicide ideation (69%), anxiety (28%), and loneliness (30%) were significantly different between the attempters of suicide and non-attempters (pless than 0.05). Also, some suicide-related behaviors such as having planned a suicide (52%), being bullied (21%), involved in a physical fight (29%), serious injury (29%), early sexual debut (8.5%), alcohol use at early age (21%), alcohol use in the past 30-days (12%), and being physically attacked (30%) differed by suicide category (pless than 0.05).Compared to those who did not report attempting suicide, attempters were more likely to have suicide ideation (OR=10.58; 95% CI 5.10, 21.97); have planned suicide (OR=9.82; 95% CI 4.60, 20.96); or sustained serious injury (OR=4.01; 95% CI 2.03, 7.93) within the recall period.

This study provided evidence, which overall confirm that the psycho-social environment in school settings modify suicidal behavior. The results, taken together emphasize the importance of the school environment on the development of school attending adolescents. Where possible,the results may provide additional information on which self-reported behaviors represent avenues for potential preventive programming.

Although very few studieshave investigated the association of narcissistic symptoms and aggressive driving, very little is known about association of narcissism and serious traffic outcomes such as crash and serious violation of traffic laws. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between the narcissistic symptoms of professional bus drivers and high risk driving records or crash.

A total of 200 outer-city bus drivers were enrolled in 2018 from Tehran origin of trips. The narcissistic symptoms of drivers were assessed using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 (NPI-16). The traffic police databases were searched for records ofcrashes or recorded negative traffic scores during a 3-year period prior to time of interviews. Data were analyzed using Stata 14 statistical software package.

Mean age of the participants was 44.4 years with a standard deviation of 9.3 years. Fourteen drivers (7%) had a crash history over the past three years. Mean normalized narcissism score was 22.3 among those without a crash history over the past three years versus 18.8 among those with a crash history without statistical significance. Forty-four drivers (22%) had a negative traffic scoring record due to high risk traffic violations registered in police database over the past three years. Mean normalized narcissism score was 22 among those without negative score record over the past three years versus 22.3 among those with a negative score history. However, the difference was not found to be statistically significant.

The findings of present study doesnot support an association between crash risk or being a recorded high risk driver and narcissism levels. However, considering the complex risk profile of road traffic crashes, much larger studies are needed to rule it out.

Injury has become the leading cause of death among adolescents. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors and exposures and injuries among vocational school students and to provide guidance for further injury intervention.

A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of all grade one and grade two students in a vocational school in Jiangsu Province in April 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to investigate information on basic demographic information, risk-taking behaviors and exposures, and injuries.

A total of 1079 students were investigated, 490(45.41%) were boys; the mean age was 16.80±0.80 years; 560(51.90%) were grade one students. There were 57 injuries in the past 12 months. The overall injury incidence was 5.28%. The total proportions of risk behaviors ranged from 1.4% for playing on the street to 68.6% for not wearing reflective devices while walking at night. Behaviors of not using traffic safety protection devices were highly prevalent, including not using seat-belts in the back seat of cars (19.7%), not wearing helmet whiletaking/ riding an electric car (15.8%/13.0%), not wearing reflective devices while walking/riding at night (68.6% for pedestrians and 62.8% for two-wheelers riders). Girls generally had more negative mood exposures compared to boys. Boys generally had more traffic risk behaviors and bullying and violence experiences compared with girls. The average number of risk-taking behaviors and exposures was 8.73±8.06. The number of risk-taking behaviors and exposures was positively associated with injury, with OR of 1.07(1.04-1.10).

Risk-taking behaviors and exposures were prevalent among vocational school students and increased the risk of injury. Traffic safety, bullying and violence, and sports safety were the aspects need more attention. The intervention of such risk behaviors should aim at the characteristics of the population and their special behavior problems.

Due to a lack of effective registry system for road traffic deaths, some international organizations like the World Health Organization provide the estimated number of road traffic deaths. It was shown that there are differences in the number of road traffic deaths between the WHO estimates and national reports even in High-Income Countries. This study aimed to an investigation of reasons for differences between the national reports and world health organization estimates about road traffic deaths.

This study focus to investigate the World Health Organization reports of Global Status Report for Road Safety in years of 2009, 2013, 2015 and 2018 and related articles about the estimates of deaths related to road traffic crashes and the observed differences between the WHO estimates and national reports.

The findings showed that the observed differences between the WHO estimates and national reports could be due to errors in the road traffic death registration system, errors in the regression model which was used for estimation, proposed variables for estimations, or all of them.

The estimations of WHO about road traffic deaths can be useful for countries especially for those which don’t have the road traffic registry system or the registry system does not meet the quality criteria. These estimates may not be sufficiently robust if disregard for spatial differences, the epidemiological pattern of risk factors among the countries, and the type of regression model which was used for estimation.

Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) impose a worldwide burden on public health and economy. RTIs result in a wide range of immediate and long-term consequences. However, little is known about post-discharge consequences of RTIs at national levels. In addition, reliable and producing valid data mostly through prospective studies is fundamentally required to address the issue. The aim of this paper was to describe the research protocol for development and psychometric evaluation of post-discharge consequences of road traffic injuries as part of the Persian Traffic Cohort (PTC) and complementary to the Iranian Integrated Road Traffic Injury Registry (IRTIR).

Literature review and expert’s opinion were used to develop data collection tools. Registry timeframe was designed based on experts’ opinion. Reliability of tools will be assessed using intra-and inter-rater reliability. The pilot phase of the Phone interviews on Post-discharge Consequences of Road Traffic Injuries (PCRTI) will be conducted in Tabriz in 2019.

The PCRTI is designed to be applied at three different time points: one, six and twelvemonths after the crash. The PCRTI tools’ main domains are: demographic, psychological, medical, social and financial which will be assessed through PC-PTSD, PHQ2, WHODAS, SES-Iran, EQ-5D-3L and Economic assessment standardized tools. The descriptive outcomes will be reported to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran.

The protocol satisfies the requirements of developing valid data collection tools for PCRTI.