نشریه رهیافت
پیاپی 79 (پاییز 1399)

In December 2019, the world came across the discovery of an unknown virus from the Corona family in Wuhan, China; The virus, which was initially thought by many policymakers and the people of the world, will spread to certain areas, as in other cases, and mechanisms to control it will soon be identified. But over time, with the spread of the virus to all 205 countries around the world, the notion that we are dealing with simple and common phenomena has completely disappeared. governments and policymakers around the world, a variety of measures have been put on the agenda to reduce the effects of the coronavirus, which may have varied due to the unknown nature of the virus and its consequences in different countries. In this study, an attempt has been made to collect information about the policies, actors and actions of different countries over the time of the Corona outbreak, in addition to using the Oxford University database, to present a report and analysis of the measures taken and then to compare the analytical descriptive method. Governance and policy-making of governments should be compared with the Corona phenomenon from the three perspectives of governance officials, governance issues and policies, and governance diversity, and the similarities and differences in governance of these countries should be identified. Finally, by comparing these policies with the country's performance style, lessons learned and conclusions can be drawn during this period.

The popularization of science involves a broad range of activities, including the acceptance, understanding and participation in science that common goal it of bridging the gap between science and the general public. The aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of popularization of science in reducing pseudo-science in the Covid 19 period. In this paper, the method of documentary research has been used. With the prevalence of Covid 19 in the world, the importance of science and its popularization in the world to reduce pseudo-science has increased more than ever. Once again, humans relied on science, scientists, and experts to discover the corona vaccine. Considering that, one of the important goals of popularization of science is to fight against superstition and pseudoscience, critical thinking is one of the tools to combat pseudoscience.

In December 2019, a new corona virus, also known as acute respiratory disease, was identified in Wuhan, China, named by the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19. One of the most important symptoms of this disease is acute respiratory symptoms, which in 2% of cases lead to the death of the patient. The virus spread rapidly in China and spread to other countries within a few months. The disease has recently spread to areas in Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Europe, the Americas and even Australia. Iran is also one of the West Asian countries affected by the disease. Due to the prevalence and transmission of the disease on February 4, the World Health Organization declared a state of emergency and recommended that countries reduce individual-to-person transmission of the disease by reducing contact with people, especially those with illness and staff and Control its global expansion. The current state of corona prevalence has caused mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger and fear in people.

In the event of an outbreak of infectious diseases with high mortality, the close cooperation of psychiatrists, specialists in other branches of health, local authorities and health workers in the community is essential. Therefore, early and continuous psychiatric interventions are recommended by the mental health team to minimize the harmful effects of coronavirus disease conditions.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Outbreak 2019 (COVID-19) has caused worldwide concern and has affected all aspects of human life. This change in human lifestyle has brought advantages and disadvantages to the environment. Therefore, research on these effects by focusing on the presence and evolution of the COVID-19 virus in water, soil, and other environmental factors, as well as providing solutions to improve the environment, is very important. This study aims to show the direct and indirect positive and negative effects of COVID-19 on the environment. The results indicate that despite the temporarily positive effects of coronavirus on the environment due to implementing lockdown, such as improvement in air quality, environmental noise reduction, cleaner beaches and coastal areas, there are negative short- and long-term effects, such as excessive water consumption, reducing waste recycling, and significant increase of both residential and medical solid waste generation, which leads to pollute or degrade the environment (air, water, and land). Moreover, with the global economic re-launching in most countries in the coming months, it could result in adverse effects such as increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

After the outbreak of coronavirus in the world, the life of humans, living organisms and their environment were changed in various ways. COVID-19 pandemic provided many opportunities and challenges for the environment. The current paper aims to investigate the positive effects and negative impacts of coronavirus on the environment. This study was conducted by applying the library and review methodology to investigate the positive effects and negative consequences of Coronavirus on the environment, in a way that current literature and research topics related to the subject have been reviewed and analyzed. Results show that, as humans stay indoors to prevent the spread of COVID-19, animals feel safe, get out of their natural realms, and into urban and rural areas. Reduction of environmental noise level and greenhouse gas emissions, because of reducing car traffic and temporarily shutting down factories, are another positive short-term effects of the coronavirus pandemic, which has helped to clean the air and reduce the effects of global warming. Beside these positive effects, habitat destruction, illegal trafficking and poaching of wild animals have increased in some areas. Growing the production of household and hospital waste, increasing the consumption of plastic and disposable materials and reduction of waste recycling are some of negative effects of coronavirus pandemic which by destroying resources, put pressure on the environment. Increasing the use of detergents and disinfectants will have a devastating effect on nature and biodiversity.

The outbreak of COVID-19 disease, caused by a corona virus (related to SARS-CoV-2 infection), which is widely declared stated to be emerged from Wuhan in China, is spreading very rapidly worldwide since then. Almost from the beginning, it was noticed that asymptomatic carriers of the virus did exist, and consequently it became clear that without being able to screen these carriers quickly and effectively, they would considerably increase the risk of virus transmission to healthy individuals would increase exponentially, if early quarantine measures were not taken into account. Therefore, to track also these sources of the disease, rapid and accurate screening of these seemingly healthy carriers is considered to be an essential step for early intervention and prevention of COVID-19. Considering present economic aspects and also acute practical limitations in clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 worldwide, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is suggested could be of value as a potential path for early detection of the disease which consequently could be of great value in the management of COVID-19 pandemic. This would hopefully help global community in general and medical practitioners specifically, to take prompt steps in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the meantime and in the future.

After the Covid-19 virus was first reported from Wuhan, China in 2019, the virus spread to other countries & continents in a very short period of time, overshadowing various aspects of people's lives. After all this pandemic, numerous research findings & finally the official report of the Joint Board of the WHO identified the origin of this disease from a wet Chinese market, where the wildlife trade was widespread. This caused the world's public opinion to once again threaten the illegal & even legal trade in wildlife in the official & black markets. In the present study, due to the necessity of the subject, especially in the current critical period, the challenges of this field were addressed with a hermeneutic approach. In this regard, using the above articles, books & documents, with the help of documentary analysis, the phenomenon of illegal wildlife trade & its relationship with “zoonotic diseases”, especially Coronavirus (Covide 19), was investigated. Then, looking at the situation after the first wave of coronavirus outbreaks to date, the question "Can corona become the basis for a shift in the international approach to wildlife trade, especially trafficking & illegal trade?" discussed. The findings suggest that redefining a sustainable development-based logical framework for the legal trade of wildlife & the effective fight against illegal trade will provide more effective protection against biodiversity & reduce the staggering health costs of zoonotic diseases. In the end, in order to more efficiently manage the international wildlife market, suggestions were offered to the stakeholders.

Personalized medicine refers to a set of diagnostic, treatment, and prevention activities which classified patients based on their personal characteristics to tailor therapy with the best response. It is aimed to extend the One-Size-Fits-All approach to increase the ability to predict the most effective treatments for each individual, reduce financial and time expenditure, increase the life extension of patients, and the duration of treatment and recovery. This paper study the factors that differentiate individuals in response to treatment, and methods and techniques used to achieve personalized medicine purposes that discuss the importance of personal medicine. According to this approach, drugs are previously made will personalize for each individual or recombinant protein drugs will be used. According to the type of agent which make a difference between patients in response to treatment and drug, the appropriate drug type and necessary and sufficient dose prescribed for each patient. Based on the available report, in the case of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), the differences mentioned in different people can be effective in the growing course of the disease and its treatment, and the use of personal medical approach will lead to the introduction of a safe, effective and accurate method for different people. The most important goals of personal medicine is prevention. So that in healthy individuals before the onset of illness, pain tolerance and finally the side effects of different drugs for the treatment of patient, personalized medicine will study the probability of occurrence of disease with continuous monitoring of biomarkers of different diseases.

In order to study the impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic on the Iranian contemporary arts, particularly in painting, sculpture, theatre, and cinema, this article is deeply conducted in the field of sociology of art with both shaping and reflection approaches. In the present study, a descriptive-analytical research method has been used, and information has analytical research method has been collected through library and field methods. In this regard, Iran has considered a spatial territory and the focus of the study is on artistic activities in Tehran in the period from March to September 1999. Also, research tools such as observation, interviews, and reports of experts, artists, and active experts, major and influential art centers have been used. The findings of this descriptive-analytical study reveal that the pros of Coronavirus challenges may actually lie on the Internet capacities and capabilities as well as virtual networks which facilitate showcasing or selling the artifacts, e-learning or online education, and performing competitions, meetings, seminars, and the other areas of the arts which have been less experienced previously. Before, it was widely accepted that the arts inherently correlated to physical environment and activities. But in the lock-down or quarantine periods, to protect artists and art activities virtual environments have played an important role to keep on exhibitions, visual crafts trading, online movies, and performances, drive-in cinemas, live Instagram actions and blended learning options that reflect the critical situation within the art society. Even though the mentioned facilities can't compete for the conventional methods, in the post-Corona era it keeps attracting the audience and supports economic efficiency in the arts. Furthermore, art productions, meetings, seminars, and competitions with the theme of Coronavirus itself will enhance people's participation, sympathy, and solidarity to suggest a national and global challenge that re-admits art shaping approaches.