Chronic Diseases Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Spring 2021

Transitional stages of life are one of the most dangerous times for more vulnerability to drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to predict addiction based on procrastination, distress tolerance, and perceived competence in senior high school girl students.

The method of study was descriptive and correlational. The population of this study consisted of all senior high school girl students of Divandarreh, Iran, during the academic year of 2018-2019. Among them, 266 students were included in the study using multi-stage cluster sampling. The Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS), Procrastination Scale, Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Perceived Competence Scale for Children (PCSC) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.

There was a significant positive correlation between addiction and negligence (P < 0.010). Moreover, addiction was significantly associated with distress tolerance (P < 0.010). But perceived competence was not able to predict addiction tendency (P > 0.010). Regression analysis revealed that 21% of the variance of addiction tendency could be explained by procrastination, distress tolerance, and perceived competence.

According to the findings of this study, it is necessary to emphasize on these psychological characteristics in educational programs and prevention and treatment of addiction in schools.

Spiritual intelligence as the foundation of one's beliefs has a crucial role in different aspects of human life. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and academic achievement of students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, in 2016.

The population of this cross-sectional research was the students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The samples were 390 students from different colleges of university. The tool of study was spiritual intelligence questionnaire of Badie et al., including 29 items. The method of the study was stratified sampling with proportional allocation. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software.

The mean scores of understanding and communicating with the source of spiritual intelligence and spiritual life by relying on the inner sense of spiritual intelligence were 67.66 ± 8.32 and 49.62 ± 8.87, respectively. The findings of the research showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and academic achievement (r = -0.03, P = 0.71).

Organizing workshops and introducing the successful students with high level of spirituality and spiritual intelligence to encourage talented students is suggested.

Somatic symptom disorders have relation with mental health. Hence, this study aimed to compare early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), behavioral activation system/behavioral inhibition system (BAS/BIS), and experiential avoidance in patients with chronic somatic symptom disorders and healthy people.

This was a casual-comparative study. Of patients with psychosomatic disorders referring to the Palliative Medicine Center and Educational and Medical Center of Shahid Sayyad Shirazi in Gorgan, Iran, 120 eligible patients were selected through convenience sampling, then were compared with 120 normal individuals (without psychosomatic disorders) who had been matched with patient group in terms of age, sex, education, and marital status. Brain Behavioral System Questionnaire (BAS/BIS Questionnaire), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) were used. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS software.

Demographic information of patient and healthy groups indicated that in patient group, 36.7% were single and 63.3% were married, 1.7% had elementary education, 10.0% had secondary school education, 45.0% had diploma, and 43.3% had higher education degree. In normal group, 60.0% were single and 40.0% were married, 3.3% had secondary school degree, 51.7% had diploma, and 45.0% had higher education degree. The results indicated a significant difference between EMSs, behavioral systems, and experiential avoidance in patients with somatic symptom disorders and normal people in Iran (P < 0.001).

Patients with somatic symptom disorders have more active BAS-BIS, high EMSs, and more experimental avoidance than normal people.

Management of chronic diseases is a challenging task in current medical practice and treatment of such conditions and their complications is not very straight forward as we deal with multiple clinical problems. This review article provides an overview of the core concept of patient-centered care, effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on wound healing, and implication of the multidisciplinary team concept for such patients. The literature was searched using “wounds”, “chronic wound healing”, “multidisciplinary team and chronic wound healing” and “patient-centered care and wound healing” as keywords on PubMed as the main source of search. Every chronic disease can involve many health professionals at various stages. The patient-centered approach is a concept that is proving beneficial clinically. This concept considers patient as a center of the circle, and every facility is connected and based upon the patient’s needs. In this article, we have briefly explained implication of such multidisciplinary teams by considering DM management, with a focus on chronic wounds. DM is one of the systemic diseases which puts a significant financial as well as health quality related burden on health systems worldwide. Out of these complications, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and effects of DM on wound healing are extremely important. This clinically important concept of making “teams” to manage various chronic diseases should be investigated in various clinical settings. The data from further research should be analysed to standardize this globally for different categories of wound patients.</div>

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is a global health disaster with significant effects on the health of children and mothers on a scale not seen in 100 years.

We searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases with keywords of “COVID-19”, “children”, “mothers”, “health”, “impact”, “effect”, and “pandemic”. We found 33 related new studies and wrote a narrative review article. Some of them were full-text articles and others were organizational statistics or expert comments.

Analyses showed that the COVID-19 epidemic led to widespread disruption of health systems and reduced access to food, and low- and middle-income countries should expect large increases in maternal and child mortality. The long-term effects of COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of children and mothers are very different and challenging compared to other people. During the pandemic, many mothers denied access to prenatal care. In addition to the many indirect effects, although most children have mild symptoms, they should be treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) if children are hospitalized with the same percentage of adults.

It is very necessary for politicians and organizations in charge of children's health to have comprehensive and long-term plans to limit the destructive and unintended effects of the pandemic on children and mothers around the world, with a greater focus on underdeveloped and less developed countries.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a rare event in pregnancy. Genital organs’ prolapse is multi-factorial and can be caused due to weakness of connective tissue and pelvic support muscles and also nerve damage. The purpose of this study is to report a case of conservative treatment of POP in pregnancy.

CASE REPORT:

 A 40-year-old woman with multiparous at week 17 of pregnancy complaining of heaviness, pressure, and mass protrusion from the vagina was referred to the Sayedolshohadaei Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran. On vaginal examination, Grade 3 prolapse based on Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q) was diagnosed. Conservative treatment with pessary was ordered for her and bed rest was recommended followed by personal hygiene. Her pregnancy ended successfully and no complications happened for the mother and the baby.

Management and treatment of POP in an individualized and separate approach can be adopted based on the patient preferences. Use of pessary to prevent complications would be useful and can be considered as a noninvasive treatment in consulting patients.

The concept of attachment refers to how the infant emotionally communicates with the caregiver. Despite the importance of this concept, the relationship between the mother's attachment styles and the child's cognitive functions has not been investigated so far.

In a cross-sectional study during October to December 2019, 120 primary school girl students were selected by the convenience sampling method. Participants responded to the two scales of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC®-IV), as well as the Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR-S). Data were analyzed using multivariate regression statistical model in SPSS software

The results showed that five indices of verbal intelligence, knowledge intelligence, active memory intelligence, working memory (WM), and processing speed were predicted by parent's anxiety attachment style (P < 0.050 for all). However, the relationship between the indices of total intelligence, non-verbal intelligence, fluid reasoning intelligence, quantitative reasoning intelligence, visual-spatial processing intelligence, verbal inteligence, perceptual reasoning, general ability, cognitive domination, and total scale of students with parent attachment styles were not significant (P > 0.050).

The findings of this study highlighted the role of maternal attachment styles in predicting child's psychological structures, which can be accompanied by clinical implications in planning interventions based on the intelligence quotient (IQ) promotion for the child

Mothers with premature neonates often encounter an uncontrollable level of stress. One of the strategies for self-control in these mothers is confronting with these conditions. The hope has essential role in confronting the stress in mothers having premature neonates. The purpose of this study is to explain lived experiences of mothers having premature neonates and design a scale for measuring it.

The study was performed by qualitative research approach. 12 participants were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were gathered by the semi-structured method in Besat General Hospital, Tehran, Iran and were analyzed using the content analysis approach.

From qualitative data analysis, three essential terms including compatibility, suitability, self-esteem, summit and move-forward, and eagerness were resulted. In addition, the result of the qualitative section indicated that the mothers of premature neonates who participated in this study were adapted with the conditions and environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) ward.

This study indicated that the hope scale of mothers with premature neonates was resulted by 39 interviews and 3 subscales. In general,  in addition to determining some factors related to hope and confronting with stress due to having premature neonate, this study showed that the mothers pertained some kind of hope. In this study, lived experiences of hope of mothers having premature neonates have been demonstrated by three terms: 1- hope compatibility and suitability; 2- hope self-esteem and summit; 3- hope forward movement and eagerness.