نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، تابستان 1399)

Housing has long been considered the most basic need of life and the greatest concern of human beings but the increase in population in recent decades and the growth of urbanization in developing countries including Iran has caused many problems in providing it. In the metropolis of Isfahan, attention to the supply and estimation of housing in the future should be considered. Considering that residential use has a greater share in urban space and is needed by humans, it should be considered in estimating land use. In fact, estimating need for space in order to provide the basis for measuring land needs during the program period. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate the need for residential space in District 5 of Isfahan. Documents, statistics and censuses. In order to balance the supply and demand of residential land, first, the space required for residential use has been estimated and according to the amount of supply available for residential use, different scenarios have been presented. Thus, vacant and expandable lands with the first priority of environmental suitability for high-density residential use, second priority lands for medium-density residential use and third priority lands for residential-related applications that are in short supply in the region has been selected. It is then compared with the amount of demand for housing units in the region, and finally from the equality of supply and demand to estimate the need for space, the shortage or excess of supply over the demand of the region is determined. Using residential space estimation methods, demand estimation methods and supply determination methods, supply and demand in residential applications have been introduced. Estimating the need for residential space in District 5 of Isfahan city using the method based on spatial categories of land use standards and selecting the best scenario. The results show that the total supply of vacant and suitable lands for new development in region 5 is equal to 11,88567 hectares, of which 11,061 hectares is suitable for housing development and the rest is intended for housing-related applications. In fact, 6191 housing units are needed in the region, which in the second selected scenario, 1006 housing units will be provided and the population will be controlled in the coming years.

Urban design and the evolution of two currents "integrated protection and regeneration" urban as content and product ( integrated urban design process) in historical spaces and the expression of two new models of urban design process-oriented and content-oriented process reached the point that "integrated process of urban design" It is the result of the combination of the two mentioned processes and in order to achieve "integration" in the historical place of the city, the process of urban design is needed, along with "protection" and "recreation" in historical spaces. The convergence of these two currents with the integrated process of urban design and therefore is considered. One of the areas of action for rejecting cities, especially historical ones, is urban regeneration, and the main question is how the integrated process of urban design can balance the two currents of protection and development in the form of active regeneration policy. The concept of urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated approach and measures to solve urban problems in the target area of the operation, which will ultimately lead to a sustainable economic, physical, social and environmental development in which physical and non-physical criteria in the neighborhood can be changed to urban regeneration criteria. By changing these criteria, urban life returns to this neighborhood and residents enjoy prosperity in economic, social and environmental dimensions. . Urban regeneration includes the principles and process of economic, social and physical change, governance, environmental quality and sustainable development, which can be attributed to some features of urban regeneration, including moving towards a more comprehensive form of politics. Focusing on integrated solutions, multi-sectoral participation with emphasis on the role of social groups, introducing a broader idea of environmental sustainability, and re-introducing a long-term strategic vision. One of the most important measures necessary to revive the historical centers of cities is full knowledge, understanding the importance and special features of space, physical coordinates, identity intervals and the course of change and its evolution over time. Consider the convergence perspective of urban design and integrated urban regeneration as a comprehensive, inclusive and operational approach that includes quality improvement programs in urban contexts with integrated content and physical goals in the background of cultural and historical sites. The process of urban design with the aim of recreating and reviving historical sites or spatial organization reveals a part of the historical context of Isfahan. The integrated process of urban design is used in the redesign of the spatial continuity of the Hassanabad neighborhood of Isfahan with the aim of recreating the historical context. The method of data collection in this research is library and field and using a simple review method and descriptive-analytical approach to explain the components of urban regeneration and integrated urban design process, and finally the application of integrated urban design process in neighborhood urban regeneration - Hassanabad, Isfahan is presented.

Considering the application of sustainable urban regeneration approach in the field of urban management and urban planning, conducting study and executive projects in this field can be seen in the executive perspective of many organizations responsible for making decisions in the city. One of the projects that has recently been considered by the Isfahan Municipality in the neighborhoods of the 15 districts in this city and has service description and study process very similar to the concept of urban regeneration is "Isfahan neighborhoods quality improvement project". Considering the comprehensive view toward the texture of the neighborhoods and applying methods of inhabitants' social participation in advancing the project, these projects seek to apply the sustainable urban regeneration approach in the form of executive and applicable tools. What is of great importance in these studies is the experiences from the previous studies in three general levels: carrying out the studies, formulation and approval of plans, and implementation of the final plans. Despite numerous positive points in formulating the mentioned plan and theoretical and practical similarity with the concept of urban regeneration, the challenges and deficiencies are inevitable as there is little research in this field. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the positive points of the plan as well as the challenges in two general parts: legal challenges and executive challenges, and to compare these challenges in three neighborhoods of Isfahan through a brief look at the experiences from the quality improvement plan of the three neighborhoods. Obviously, there is no space to provide all strengths and weaknesses in this paper, but it tried to provide the most important features, as a tangible practical experience in connection with the social, cultural, and physical contexts of the project.

Security is one of the most important and basic needs of communities and creation of human settlements. From the first cave dwellings to the complex and intelligent cities of today, man has sought to dedermine security for himself. Security is the source of the emergence and shine of other urban qualities, such as vitality. With the advent of urban trends and the intertwining of urban issues, one of the issues that was significantly felt by urban designers was the importance of a fundamental factor in the dynamism and vitality of urban spaces, namely the sense of security. The first design thinking about security was a deterministic approach to urban environments, which did not yield the desired results. With the beginning of participatory processes and the involvement of more and more citizens in urban decisions, while paying more attention to citizens' opinions, the efficiency of today's cities has doubled. The present study seeks to examine security from two different perspectives: specialized (expert) and popular (citizen-based). Due to the need to involve the opinions and votes of citizens as the main users of urban spaces, in this study, the feeling of security in the two historical passages of the Sange-Siahe of Shiraz and the historical passage of the Joibareh of Isfahan, was examined in two ways. Also, using CPTED approach, indicators were developed and the most up-to-date guidelines implemented for security were reviewed. The present article also seeks to provide design solutions to improve the security of urban spaces through comparative comparison. The extracted indices were prioritized using AHP technique and Expert Choice software based on the opinion of experts and finally the weight of each was determined. In order to collect data and check the security of the study area, each of the two selected samples was divided into three spatial sequences and the field score of each criterion was calculated with field recordings and at the end the weight score of each sequence was calculated. Also, the research methods of people like "Jack L. Nasar" were used to examine the opinions of citizens. The research method in the present research is descriptive-analytical. Citizens' opinions were also assessed through a questionnaire. In the end, the opinions of experts and citizens were turned into a map through quantification methods. By comparing the produced maps, and based on the weight scores of each sequence, the causes of weakness of each were identified and an appropriate solution was presented in the form of strategy and policy. The results show that perceived security is different based on the opinions of citizens and experts, which means that the safest part of the passage, from the point of view of experts, is the most insecure part from the point of view of citizens. Such results show the difference between the views of experts and space users and confirm the importance of paying attention to the votes and opinions of citizens and involving them in the processes of designing efficient and lively urban spaces.

Cities face a number of problems, including environmental problems including environmental pollution; worn-out infrastructure, and social problems (poverty, crime, and violence) that result from overcrowding. hence, the main challenge for city managers is to make cities attractive to livable citizens and economically attractive to investors. Therefore, creating a balance between social and economic development in order to attract investors, create a suitable workforce and jobs and improve the quality of life (infrastructure, housing, services, etc.) is at the forefront. On the other hand, in connection with the spiritual and moral dimensions in the city, the theory of universal ethics has been proposed. Although the concept of global ethics is generally discussed, but in urban research, the role of spirituality and ethics in architecture, urban design and built environments has been paid more attention, and the role of this concept in urban management has been neglected. The purpose of this study is to find the challenges of urban management in the world. In this chapter, 12 English q1 articles, 16 English books from reputable publications, 5 Persian books, an article and two Iranian research projects have been studied and after analyzing and extracting related challenges Finally, a table is presented to the urban management, which shows that one of the main challenges of urban management is the problems caused by population growth and urbanization, lack of governance and the use of social participation in the urban management process. Global and its context in the quality of urban management and governance has received less attention.

Public art has various roles in the urban space, which is divided into instruments such as sculpture, music, urban paintings and urban drawings, urban theaters, fountains, etc. Urban sculptures and elements are one of these that have been studied and have different designs and functions. Sculptures are functionally and designically divided into theatrical and functional expressions. The purpose of this study is to improve the perceptual quality of urban space by urban sculptures. The studied sculptures in the central part of Isfahan, including sculptures along the Zayandehrood River, important squares of the city such as Khajoo or Ghadir and main streets such as Chaharbagh Abbasi have been studied. Attempts have also been made to examine about 17 of the sculptures through interviews and studies on urban space, and to identify and extract their strengths and weaknesses. One of the strengths that can be mentioned is the importance of historical, cultural and aesthetic urban issues in the concepts of sculptures. Weaknesses that we see in some of these cases and sculptures, such as low lighting of some sculptures, improper location of the sculpture, (large or small) of the sculpture relative to the space used are also points that are perceived. And the importance of the statue must be taken into account.