نشریه پژوهش در علوم زیستی و فعالیت بدنی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

According to the importance of regular and regular exercise in the control and prevention of diabetes complications, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on some oxidative/ antioxidant characteristics of middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes.

In this quasi-experimental study, the sample of women with type 2 diabetes was overweight with an age range of 40-55 years. In this study, 20 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Khorramabad city were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The initial levels of blood tests were taken 48 hours before the initial blood sample was taken. After centrifugation, the three variables MDA, SOD and GPX were measured using Pars Test kits. Forty-eight hours after the last training session anthropometric and laboratory measurements were performed again. In the experimental group, the resistance training program for 8 weeks, every week three sessions each session was completed for 2 hours.

After eight weeks of resistance training, a significant increase was observed in the SOD and GPX levels in the experimental group (p < 0.05). however, there was no significant difference in the control group in the post-test MDA compared to the pre-test Significantly (p < 0.05), this difference was not significant in the experimental group.

Based on the results, it is suggested that resistance training can have preventive effects on some oxidative / antioxidant indices in women with diabetes.

Central obesity is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseasesand has an inverse relationship with Vo2max. This study had tried to evaluate Vo2max using Bruce protocol, Rockport, Pedometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in women of different age groups in Qazvin, East Azarbaijan and Hamadan provinces, and identify its relationship with central obesity indices (WHtR, WHR, SBSI and BAI).

Using Morgan method women aged 20-60 years were selected by cluster sampling from the centers of the provinces, respectively, and anthropometric variables, rackport test,IPAQ questionnaire completion, pedometer connection for 7 days, and finally, the Bruce test was performed respectively. Normality of data was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and comparison of different age groups with multivariate covariance analysis and Tukey post hoc test. Finally, the relationship between Vo2max and central obesity indices was assessed by using Pearson correlation test.

There was a significant difference between the level of Vo2max in different age groups as well as between the samples three provinces (P=0.001). There was also a significant reverse correlation between the estimation of Vo2max in two indices (WHtR, BAI), but in two indices (WHR, SBSI), in some cases, there was a significant relationship and in some cases wasn't significant.

The decrease in physical activity and subsequent cardiorespiratory fitness led to an increase in central obesity indices at different age ranges, indicating a significant reversal of relationship between Vo2max and central obesity indices.

Recently, the use of resistance training with restricted blood flow (BFR) has been recommended as an alternative to heavy resistance training for middle-aged and elderly people. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of age and status of resistance training on basal levels of anabolic and catabolic hormones in middle-age sedentary male.

In this semi-experimental study design, 20 middle-aged sedentary men (age 47.65±2.53 years) were selected. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of resistance training with and without BFR. Subjects in the 4-week BFR group performed knee extension and leg press at 20% 1-RM intensity, one 30 repetition set and 2 sets of 15 repetitions, and the non-BFR training group performed the same movements at 80% 1-RM intensity in three sets with 10 repetitions. Blood samples were also taken to measure testosterone and cortisol, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Finally, Data were analyzed by analyses of variance and independent T test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Resting concentrations of growth hormone (P=0.001), IGF-I (P=0.001), and serum testosterone (P=0.001) response increased significantly after four weeks of resistance training with and without BFR. Also, the only increase in resting growth hormone was significantly higher in the BFR group (P=0.04). However, four weeks of resistance training with (P=0.11) and without BFR (P=0.55) did not significantly change cortisol concentration.

It seems likely that performing resistance training with BFR during middle age is a good way to delay the adverse effects of aging on anabolic hormonal factors.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of acute administration of garlic, coenzyme Q10 and sodium bicarbonate supplements on plasma lactate excretion rate in wrestlers after performing single bout of exhausting activities.

Male wrestlers used their special supplement (Q10, garlic, sodium bicarbonate) in each period, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Bruce test was performed two hours after taking the supplements. Plasma lactate levels were collected immediately, 30 minutes and one hour after the test. The process was repeated three times a week apart, with the groups changing their supplementation.

The results showed that the duration of run-up to exhaustion after garlic and sodium bicarbonate supplementation was significantly higher than the control group (p ≤0.03; p≤0.01). Plasma lactate levels were higher in the bicarbonate groups immediately after exercise (p ≤0.01; p≤0.01; p≤0.03). Plasma lactate levels were significantly lower in the sodium bicarbonate group 30 minutes and one hour after exercise than in the other three groups.

Sodium bicarbonate supplementation reduced lactate excretion more rapidly than other supplements compared to other supplements. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation may be more useful for athletes who have multiple races a day.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 8 weeks of resistance - plyometric training on bone density and Bone mineral content changes of soccer players.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design that Twenty elite soccer players (age: 20/35 ± 2/25 years, height: 178/05 ± 5/68 cm, weight: 68/4 ± 7/59 kg) who had no injury and bone fractures in recent years with at least 6 years’ experience in soccer were participated in this study. Players were randomly divided into experimental and control groups equally. Both groups had special soccer training, the experimental group in addition to professional soccer training participated in three sessions a week for eight weeks with an average intensity of 65%, they performed the maximum of resistance - plyometric training. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test. Levels of bone density before and after eight weeks were evaluated with DEXA.

The results showed that bone mineral density in lumbar and femur (P=0.001) and bone mineral content in lumbar and femur (P=0.015) were significantly increased in experimental group after 8 weeks but in control group. While there was no difference in the control group.

It can be concluded that resistance - plyometric training can increase bone mineral density levels in soccer players, so to prevent injuries and bone fractures in soccer players these exercise are recommended.

Due to the lack of a comprehensive view about preventive protocols of shoulder sports injuries, the aim of this research was reviewing preventive protocols of shoulder sports injuries.

Electronic databases of Science direct ،Scopus ،Web of Science ،Pup Med ،SID and Magiran from 2000 to 2017 were used to literature searching for identifying the studies on preventive protocols of shoulder sports injuries.

A total of 58 articles were found that 43 studies had examined the factors associated with shoulder injury and 9 article of these studies had focused on prevention protocols of shoulder sports injuries. Investigation of the articles showed that most studies about preventive protocols of shoulder sports injuries had been limited to handball, baseball, rugby, football, volleyball and tennis.

The most suggested strategies of these studies included interventions in internal rotation range of motion, strength of rotator cuff, and scapula-humoral rhythm factors. However, some studies had considered the importance of some factors such as instruction, athletes and trainers awareness about sport injuries, the use of protective equipment and the implementation of the correct technique in prevention of shoulder sports injuries.