نشریه رهیافت پیشگیری
سال دوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

Human dependence on what exists in life around him is such that it can be said that human life is impossible without the necessary elements to begin and continue. Undoubtedly, human life depends on the existence of factors and elements that have enabled and perpetuated his life; therefore, the elements that enable human life in this environment can be preceded by the social, economic, cultural and political elements of the human environment. As a prerequisite for establishing and maintaining human survival on this planet, it prevented what endangers the necessities of human life and, if necessary, by criminalizing these behaviors, first protected the human environment. In fact, it can be said that the requirement of human right to life, which is a divine gift and cannot be revoked except by law, is human right to a healthy environment, which is also considered as a function of human right to life. Therefore, the main element of crime against the environment can be considered as any behavior that harms the healthy environment; although in the initial conception of the environment, most of the natural environment comes to mind, but attention to various dimensions of human life shows that In limiting the limits of the environment, it should be considered as a set of natural, social and cultural conditions that harm the individual and social life of human beings; this concept of the environment has also been mentioned and specified in international environmental documents. .

Since the emergence of scientific thinking about crime and ways to prevent it, criminologists have been focusing on the perpetrator, correcting and rehabilitating criminals for decades. However, since the past few decades, the focus has been on crime prevention through attention to crime victims and their actions for the decline in the motivation for offenders to commit crimes and the impact of environmental design on crime rates have been investigated. In present research, by studying two different neighborhoods of Tehran (Niavaran neighborhood and comparing it with Baghershahr neighborhood of Tehran), it is attempted at a small level, how to apply proper principles of crime prevention and environmental design in these two areas and its impact on crime rate. The main question of this research is how to integrate the simple principles of crime prevention with emphasis on environmental prevention measures to help establish security and reduce crime in different residential areas, streets and alleys.

The research method in this study is a combination of two analytical-descriptive and field methods. For this purpose, resources related to urban engineering design and the principles of criminal architecture were studied and completed by interviewing individuals and authorities using interviews and questionnaires.

The case study of the two selected neighborhoods of Tehran in this study and field studies confirm that most crimes occur in areas where there is ample opportunity for committing crimes because of a lack of environmental design and architecture.

Juvenile delinquency is a phenomenon that has always been a concern of politicians and jurists in different countries due to its specific sensitivities. Criminal prevention strategies are among the most important issues in this age group, especially in the school environment, and the need for effective measures to deal with the crimes committed by these individuals. In recent years, the widespread tendency to implement restorative justice processes in different areas has provided the necessary background for applying remedial approaches to student crime. The most important source that will help this process run more efficiently are schools because schools with good arm strengths such as parents, educators, and students can execute specific healing processes such as school mediation and healing sessions.

The research method is descriptive and analytical. Research sources included other countries' experiences in implementing restorative processes in schools and existing capacities in Iranian education. Data collection was done by library method. There were also interviews with educational officials and school principals on some of their experiences on student remedial practices.

Creating schools based on restorative justice requires actions which can save society from spending more on prosecuting and punishing future criminals. By complementing the educational mission of schools, this process can create opportunities and opportunities for teens and their dependents, providing opportunities that impact the current and future lives of students and their families and improve the quality of the school environment and its programs.

Delinquent Children and adolescents, often commit a crime without knowing the nature of their behavior. This issue depends on different environmental, personal and circumstances factors. However, the response that is given by the Performers of the criminal process against their violation is very important, because it may have a different outcomes and will lead to the continuation of delinquency in them. For this reason, the Criminal Court of Children and Adolescents, which has the most desirable features in the Criminal Procedure Code of 1392 due to the Criminal Procedure Differentiation Approach Can prevent of harmful effects. But in a strange action, the legislator considers the crimes pertaining to the jurisdiction of the Armed Forces Judiciary to be committed by under-aged people under the authority of this institution And has withdrawn its differential-supportive approach and has responded to these categories of citizens with a rigorous attitude Which is fundamentally incompatible to the approaches to positive and critical criminology.

Media representation of crime plays a major role in orienting public opinion and decision of criminal justice authorities. Zooming in on criminal news and exaggerating crime rates and stereotyping the image of criminals and victims, downplaying some of the crimes, emphasizing the representation of specific crimes, reflects the unrealistic representation of crime in media news. In this regard, the present study seeks to provide a more realistic view of the criminal event than its media representation by describing the impact of crime representation on the criminal justice system.

The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and among the descriptive methods the content analysis method was used. To this end, news content and media reports were analyzed.

The findings of this study show that the media fabrication of crime is mostly associated with distortions in media news dissemination, and this causes the irreparable effects on the face of the criminal justice system. The magnification of media reports, on the one hand, creates moral panic and criminal populism, or violates fair trial, and on the other hand, the downplaying of some crimes and heroism and the cleansing of criminals makes criminals free from criminal justice. Sometimes specific representations of crimes also reinforce normative and crime education. Therefore, monitoring and monitoring news and media reports can be very effective in crime prevention

The trend of increasing number of drug addicts and seizures in Mahallat is a worrying situation, with about 52 kg of drugs seized in 2012. Certainly combating the tendency of youth and adolescents to use drugs needs understanding its causes to provide effective prevention and coping strategies.

This is a descriptive-analytic research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 35 addicts who were treated and randomly selected. In this respect, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among them. Independent sample t-test was used to test the hypotheses.

The results indicated that dependency on friends and peers, family role, drug availability, community curiosity and individual factors (such as age, education, etc.) affects youth and adolescents' tendency to drug addiction. In order to prevent and reduce the tendency of people to use drugs, it is suggested that different social institutions (family, school and community) modify existing media programs, create leisure activities, educate youth and teens, and raise family education, parental attention. Encourage your child's friends, families, and individuals to prevent drug-induced youth and adolescents from neighborhoods.

Social prevention has emerged as one of the most important non-judicial crime prevention approaches. Social crime prevention is divided into two branches: community-based prevention and developmental prevention. Social, economic, and cultural preventive measures are applied to societal prevention, one of the oldest and most common forms of non- judicial prevention, and to societal growth prevention, risk factors for individuals' tendency to commit crimes in community institutions. Adaptability has been identified and evaluated as a family, school, and peer group. In this article, we attempted to investigate the role and function of Inviting to the Good and the Forbidding the Evil among the types of community-based social prevention and growth-oriented.

The present study is an applied and descriptive-analytical research. Data were collected through library method.

The results indicated that among all the Islamic system's strategies and practices, the issue of renouncing and rejecting evil as a social and legal establishment derives from the rules of Islam; On the other hand, because of its ultimate goal of preventing the occurrence of evil and establishing a well-known system of monitoring and refining the social environment, it plays an integral role in health and social protection.