نشریه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی المپیک
پیاپی 5 (زمستان 1399)

The main purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive image of this process and to provide valuable insight into the status and impact of the Corona virus in sport from an economic point of view, and to help future research to improve research in this field. The present study in terms of the method is a review- descriptive study of library method. All available sources related to the title are given in this review article. After reviewing researches, studies, and reports, most of them believe that the Covid-19 has caused an irreparable blow to the sports economy, and it is not clear how long the adverse effects of the Corona virus on the socioeconomic status situation will continue. The lack of real sports is an opportunity for the growth of virtual technologies. Currently, the sports leagues around the world are using E-sports to maintain interest and feel competitive during the leagues' postponement. E-sports have grown exponentially in the last few years around the world and offer a new way to attract fans and generate revenue

A number of theories have been used to explain sport retirement. The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze social gerontology theories and their applicability in the field of sport retirement. This review was done during 2019-2020. Four major theories, Activity, Disengagement, Continuity and Social Breakdown theories; are reviewed with empirical results. Results showed the theories have received several criticism that can be classified in three main category: 1) the role of various factors such as resource, environment, personal characteristic and structural factors have been ignored by these theories, 2) these theories have been developed in non-sport setting that may affect their generalization to sports groups, 3) there are stark differences between sport retirement and retirement from the work force which makes it difficult to apply these theories in sport. Generally speaking, none of the theories have been able to completely capture the nature of sport retirement phenomenon and their applicability in sport has been questioned in the literature. Nevertheless, social gerontology theories have had an important role in the development of sport retirement studies and paved the way for developing new theories. So, researchers should increase their information about these theories in order to be more successful in theorizing in sport retirement, which is one the needs of this young discipline.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the foundations of the society of sustainable development and cognitive solidarity from the perspective of Iranian badminton elite. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 18 sports elites who were collected using interviews and theoretical saturation. In a small part, there are sports elites in the field of badminton, which include athletes, coaches, supervisors, effective managers, etc., whose initial estimate was 242 people, all of whom were included in the study. The statistical indicators of the questionnaire are the correlation component related to sustainable development in the country's badminton elite and explain 19.761% of the total variance and include 5 items. The GFI, AGFI and NFI indicators show a very good fit. Due to the fact that the values of these indicators are above 0.9, they indicate a good fit of the model. The results showed that solidarity has a decisive role for the presence of badminton sports elite, which in turn, plays an important role in selecting and implementing development plans, in favor of athletes and achieving sustainable growth and development.

Social vitality can be defined as satisfaction with life satisfaction and happiness in life, which are the main elements of well-being, so that this concept is now an important political goal for the government and cultural officials, along with other major goals. Such as economic growth or important issues such as development. On the other hand, the media have an effective role in the attitude and lifestyle of citizens, and by addressing the issues of interest to the audience, they can provide them with social vitality. In order to address this issue, this study was conducted to identify media strategies to increase social vitality based on themes and sports news. For this purpose, grounded theory method including three stages of open coding, axial and selective Strauss and Corbin was used. 24 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted by theoretical sampling with relevant experts and in order to evaluate the validity of the extracted results, 10 professors were presented separately and their opinions were received for correction and adjustment. The central theme of the research was to increase the social vitality of citizens, which through sports media strategies can encourage citizens to participate in sports and help develop sports culture in society by informing sports news. Findings of research in the dimension of strategies were such as audience research in the field of sports enthusiasts, news policy, development of championship sports news, attention to sports economics and news management with a focus on the Olympics and world sports events.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of personal-social responsibility training on sports enthusiasm and sports self-efficacy in adolescent athletes. The present research method is quasi-experimental, which is an applied research. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all adolescent athletes of group sports teams in Kermanshah. The statistical sample consisted of 30 adolescent athletes between 15 and 18 years old who regularly participated in sports training, this number was randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. In this study, based on the research of Noraindri et al. (2018), adolescent athletes underwent a personal and social responsibility training program (TPSR) during 10 90-minute training sessions.The Walrend (2003) Passion and Involvement Questionnaire was used to measure sports enthusiasm and the Scherer et al. (1982) Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was used to measure self-efficacy. In the descriptive statistics section, tables, graphs, means and standard deviations were used. Covariance tests were also used in inferential statistics. All data analysis process of the present study was performed using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that personal-social responsibility training has a significant effect on sports enthusiasm and sports self-efficacy in adolescent athletes. In this regard, it can be said that the main goal of physical education and healthy sports activities is the development and evolution of human behavior in all its individual and social dimensions. Therefore, it is suggested that sports team coaches, physical education and sports teachers pay attention to the educational dimensions and different goals of the emotional field in their programs and in this regard, communicate with parents and other colleagues of sports teams.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of organizational culture in the knowledge management of media students in Guilan province. The present study is descriptive and applied. 130 media personnel in the field of sports in Guilan province have been selected as a sample. Standard questionnaires that face validity and its internal materials are required by relevant experts and university professors are used and descriptive and inferential statistical methods are used using SPSS software version 21. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management in employees of sports media in Guilan province (P˂0.05) that the correlation obtained from organizational culture and knowledge management (r = 0.78). In my opinion, does this statistical relationship mean that it will be a successful ground in the media? Using that, the culture of the organization is one of the effective factors in the establishment and successful knowledge management.

With the entry of foreign goods to the country we see that the arena is confined to the construction and production of domestic goods and this is a warning signal for economic independence and support for domestic production. The purpose of this study was to determine and prioritize the relationship between merchandising factors with the decision to buy customers of Adidas and Puma sports stores. The research method was descriptive.The most suitable people to respond were customers of Adidas and Puma sports stores, which were considered as a statistical population. To obtain the sample size, the Cochran unspecified sample size formula was used, which estimated the number of samples as 384.The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire was administered after determining the content and face validity by sports management experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.89. 400 questionnaires were distributed. After collecting and deleting the questionnaires with difficulty, 390 questionnaires were used and statistical analysis was performed .For the research findings in the descriptive statistics section, dispersion indices such as mean, standard deviation, graphs and tables were used. Also, to test the research hypotheses, linear and multiple regression tests were used to determine the importance or significance of each item of merchandising factors with the purchase decision at a significance level of P <0.05. The statistical results showed that all marketing factors from the customers' point of view are important in the decision at a significant level of P <0.05