نشریه مطالعات زن و خانواده
سال هشتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

The legislature, by enacting the abortion clause in Article 1384 as well as the enactment of clause 718 in 1392, greatly altered the disagreement over the abortion license. However, the literature of the two articles and their correspondence with each other has led to a vague reading for medical and judicial experts as far as the notion of Article 84 is strengthened by Article 718. The first ambiguity goes back to the words "threat" and "danger" in the legal material. Article 84 states that it is permissible to abort the fetus if the mother becomes a "life threat". Note Article 718 BC issues the same license with the term "mother's life threat". Why do legislators have two different interpretations? Do each of the words 'threat' and 'danger' represent a particular issue that the legislator has deliberately referred to? The second ambiguity surrounding the possibility of extending the concept of conditional threat or life-threatening; does the legislature's intent of the term "life-threatening or threatening" exclusively involve the death, or does it include the disabling and destruction of organs? The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method based on medical and jurisprudential data and concludes that there is a substantial difference between the words "threat" and "danger" in the legislature's language, which precludes the issue of Article 84 of the Constitution. It is also concluded that the possibility of developing the concept of life-threatening organ failure and benefits must be differentiated between pre- and post-cure of the soul.

The purpose of this research was to study the methods of women's coping with the challenges of the marriage stage based on their identity style. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. Data were collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview. The studied society included married women who had been married for at least five years. Sampling was performed purposefully and interviews continued until data saturation. Before the interview, participants were given Berzonsky's Identity Style Inventory (ISI-6G) and their scores were calculated in three identity styles. The number of participants was 13. The method of data analysis was Colaizzi's seven-step method. By asking questions about how participants cope with challenges, important themes were extracted and coded. The main themes of coping strategy with the challenges for women with an informational identity style were: "dialogue", "problem-solving within the couple's boundaries", "adapting to real conditions", "flexibility in solving problems" and "existential awareness". The main themes of coping strategy with the challenges for women with normative identity style were: "relying on social capital", "following pre-written patterns", "gradual changing" and "direct dialogue through sending the message". The main themes of coping strategy with the challenges for women with diffuse-avoidant style were: "passive solutions", "authoritative solution" and “the inability feeling in solving challenges". According to the obtained themes on how to cope with women's challenges based on identity style, counselors can use the findings of this study in pre-marriage counseling and preparation training.

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine symptoms that predict mental health and illness based on religious health promoting behaviors and patience during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 395 university students completed the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28), the Religious Health Promoting Behaviors Inventory (RHPBI), and the Patience Scale (PS). The results suggested a significantly positive relationship between religious health promoting behaviors and patience with symptoms of mental health. They also suggested a significantly negative relationship between religious health promoting behaviors and patience with symptoms of mental illness. The results confirmed the predictive role of religious health promoting behaviors and patience for symptoms of mental health and illness. Religious health promoting behaviors and patience could hence be considered as effective variables in mental health and reinforcing them can be an effective preventive act in the area of promoting mental health. Keywords: mental health, mental illness, religious health promoting behaviors, patience, COVID-19

The present study was aimed at identifying healthy family indicators from the perspective of working people. Therefore, it seemed necessary to consider cultural standards and personal and family experiences in determining healthy family indicators. A qualitative method based on the grounded theory was used, and the data were gathered using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The sample included 18 married and educated, working people (4 men and 14 women) who were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Major healthy family indicators were classified into three categories. The first category, called “Feeling of integration and companionship,” included the following subcategories: Empathy, Space for communication, Recognition and respect for mutual rights and obligations, and Mutual respect and love. The second category, called “Healthy psychological environment,” included the following subcategories: Sense of peace, Happiness and staying away from negative factors, and Healthy thoughts and beliefs. The third category, called “Presence of some virtues in the family members,” included the following subcategories: Honesty, Forgiveness, and Overlooking financial aspects. Nine of the indicators found in this study were similar to those found in the previous studies, including Empathy, Space for communication, Recognition and respect for mutual rights and obligations, Mutual respect and love, Sense of peace, Happiness and staying away from negative factors, Healthy thoughts and beliefs, Honesty, and Forgiveness. Overlooking financial issues was a new indicator only identified in the present study.

Since children’s rights, as one of the most foundamental human rights, play effective role in securing the prosperity of the society, leading the overall policymaking of the countries, strengthening and maintain of the family entity. This is why the law protects the children rights in the cyberspace. Protection of children rights in the cyberspace inquires for the legislative measures to be taken in order to criminalize the offensive conducts aginst the children via IT technologies as well to compensate the phycial and mental damages may be inflicted on the children and spiritual impacts on the child due to the disrepct of the child personality in this venue.This paper, while investigating the existing rules and regulations of the Country, particularly on the legal protection of the children and teenagers that has been recently legislated by the Islamic Council Assembly of Iran and with the overview on the conventions, treaties, international resolution and protocoless that deal with the legal protection of the children privacy in the cyberspace, investigates the legal measures in comabting with the violations of the children rights and determines under what terms and conditions such measures could be taken under Iranian legislation.

Target: Present research has been done for cognition of effectiveness of parental religiosity on their attitude towards childbearing. Research method is based on a survey with a Likert scale questionnaire technique. Statiscal society consists of 383 married people who live in Sari, and it has been selected by using Morganʼs table; but number of samples has increased to 460 people. Sampling method is based on simple random method.Findings show that there is relationship between parental religiosity and their attitude towards childbearing; there is relationship between parental religiosity (commitment and fulfillment of religious duties) and their attitude towards childbearing; there isnʼt relationship between parental religiosity (religious emotions) and their attitude towards childbearing; there is relationship between parental religiosity and number of their children.

Thus, the issue of religiosity is one of the factors that is able to have positive role in parental attitude towards childbearing. Therefore, it is necessary to address the issue.