فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 42 (بهار 1400)

Compassion-focused therapy helps increase couples 'emotional security by regulating emotional systems, which can ultimately improve couples' attachment styles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compassion focused therapy (CFT) on attachment styles of couples with marital conflict. In this study, a single case design of asynchronous multiple baseline type was used. The statistical population of this study was married couples with marital conflict referring to Hamedan counseling centers. Accordingly, three couples who had marital conflict were selected by purposive sampling. Compassion-focused therapy was performed in three stages: baseline, intervention (8 sessions of 90 minutes), and follow-up, and couples responded to the Adult Attachment Style (Collins and Reed, 1990). Data analyzed with visuals inspection, improvement percentage and reliable change index (RCI) strategies. The results showed that the rate of improvement after treatment and follow-up is for secure attachment styles (36.33-33.93), avoidance (40.37-37) and anxiety (26.47-25.98), respectively. Therefore, the research findings indicate that compassion-focused therapy can be used as an effective treatment to improve the attachment styles of couples with marital conflict

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) in reducing self- focused attention and fear of negative evaluation in patients with social anxiety. The study design pre-test - post-test in which 40 students with social anxiety disorder were selected and randomly assigned to either group CBT and IPT. Tools used in this study included the Structured Clinical Interview, the Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ), the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale revised version (BFNE-II). Data were statistically analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The results showed that there was no difference between the two psychotherapies in the improvement in self- focused attention and fear of negative evaluation. The findings of this study showed that both therapies are equally effective for self- focused attention and fear of negative evaluation in patients with social anxiety. Given that IPT is as effective as cognitive-behavior therapy in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and self-focused attention, it could be used to reduce the symptoms of social phobia, especially the fear of negative evaluation and self-focused attention.in situations where IPT is more efficacious, such as those with milder dysfunction in social and cognitive performance.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance & commitment-based treatment on distress tolerance and time perspective of the mothers with disabled child IQ in the Malayer city in 2020 Yer. The research was done with using an nonequivalent control group semi-experimental design. From this mothers with disabled child IQ, 30 individuals were selected as available sample and randomly singed into two groups of 15 as experimental and control group. Data were collected with using pre-test and post-test, Simons & Gahr distress tolerance scale (2005), and Zimbardo time perspective inventory (1999). The experimental group received treatment protocol of acceptance and commitment therapy in 8 sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of both groups post test was taken. Data analysis using independent t -test for differential scores showed that acceptance and commitment-based therapy had a significant positive effect on tolerance distress and time perspective(future) in mothers with a disabled child IQ at the significant level of 0.01. From this study it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has a positive effect on tolerance of distress and time perspective. Therefore are suggested to use acceptance and commitment therapy for mothers with disabled child IQ

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual-couples factors on the creation and continuation of work-family conflict in married nurses. The statistical population of this study was all married nurses with work-family conflict working at Trita Specialty Hospital in 1997, out of which 16 persons who scored higher on the clean line in Carlson questionnaire were available through convenience sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using a qualitative approach based on the data base method. The findings of this study on individual factors causing work-family conflict in married nurses were that decreasing levels of physical and psychological health, job responsibility, role expectation stress, and decreasing motivational resources that exacerbate conflict occurrence, and It reduces one's psychological and physical well-being. Also regarding parental factors, causing work-family conflict among married married nurses, the findings were that emotional exhaustion, interference with housework and the way nursing profession looked at work-family conflict interfered with work roles and reduced family roles.

This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on time perspective and emotional well-being among the individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. The research method was semi-experimental with control and experimental groups conducted in pre-test and post-test phases. As many as 30 students suffering from generalized anxiety disorder symptom were selected by means of convenience sampling method. They were also randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received an eight- session intervention regarding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, while the control group received no interventions at all. Before and after the interventions, data were gathered using Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo, 1999) along with subjective well-being (Keyes, Magyar-Moe, 2003). Afterwards, they were analyzed by means of covariance analysis. According to the findings, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of post-test scores for time perspective and emotional well-being. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy interventions have led to a-71% change in future vision perspectives, a-51% change in transcendent future, a-74% change in the present destiny, a-67% change in the optimistic present, a-67% change in the positive past and a-65% change in the negative past of the experiment subjects.(p<0/05). Likewise, compared to the subjects in the control group, the ones in experimental group exhibited higher scores in the emotional well-being post-test. (p,<0/05) .Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective in broadening time perspective as well as enhancing emotional well-being in individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder symptoms.

Diabetes mellitus, like any other chronic and debilitating illness, causes the person with the disease, especially children and adolescents, to experience problems that affect all aspects of the daily life of the individual. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on insulin induced anxiety in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The research design was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group and a follow-up stage of 1.5 months. The statistical population of the study included all children and adolescents aged 8 to 13 years with type 1 diabetes in Isfahan province. Twenty-five subjects was selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (10) and control (15) groups. The case group received cognitive-behavioral therapy during the eight sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group did not receive any specific treatment during this period. Elliott et al.'s (1987) Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress Questionnaire was completed by mothers of children and adolescents in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis. A significant reduction of insulin-induced anxiety in the case group compared to the control group was observed in the post-test phase. (P <0.01). The results of follow-up also showed that the effect of treatment lasted over time. Therefore, Cognitive-behavioral therapy was considered an effective intervention in reducing insulin-induced anxiety in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. So, it is recommended that endocrinologists and diabetes associations include psychological interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, in the care program of children with diabetes.