مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 3 (خریف 1443)

Time in the metaphysical sense is an infinite cognitive system that calls man to dynamic thought and does not limit it in time framework and focusing on though takes on a dimension beyond reality. Existence too does not know the limitation of time and depends on the mind without reality. The poetic presence creates meanings in various perspectives. There are thinkers in Iran and the Arab world who have discussed time and existence in poetry from a philosophical perspective. Dariush Shayegan, a contemporary Iranian writer, translator and thinker, wrote the book entitled Five Realms of Being to show how the Iranians and the five great poets, namely: Ferdousi, Rumi, Khayyam, Hafiz, and Saadi are connected. Arabic Poetics of Adunis is a literary and critical study in the field of poetry, contemporary Arabic literature and culture. With his cryptic and philosophical writings, invites the audience to think. The book that was originally university lectures consists of four studies: poetics and pre-Islamic narratives, poetics and the Qur’anic space, poetic and thought and, poetic and modernity. This article employs a comparison between the two books taking into account their philosophical views, both existentially and chronologically, as they are philosophers of vision, regardless of being authors.

Stylistic as one of the methods of understanding contemporary critical linguistics discovers the thought process of literary figures with the study of their inner world, aim and thought as well as their personal style. Spiritual music is one of the levels of linguistic analysis that is important in stylistic study process. The Ode Taeet al-Kabra is an immortal work of Ibn Farraz Mesri, a 7th century Egyptian poet, mystic and author that with more than 700 verses is identified as "Nazm al-Saluk ". In addition to divine love and mysticism, it is also known for its beautiful text as well as literary and rhetorical mastery. This study examines the rhythm of al-Kabrachr('39')s ideality with a descriptive-analytical method and relying on stylistics. The results indicate that Ibn Farraz in his story by using coherent and epic phonemes and different types of prose, provides a symphony of comfort in the layout of space of letter and words that audience are interesting and affected with.

The necessity of paying attention to the factor of context in current entrepreneurial research makes exploring of entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry in the city of Zahedan a prominent research topic. Therefore, the present research, using a qualitative and exploratory plan, conceptualizes the entrepreneurial opportunities of the tourism industry in the aforementioned Iranian city. The statistical population of the study consists of experts in the fields of entrepreneurship and tourism. The sampling method is theoretical and the criterion for determining the sample size is theoretical saturation. Data collection was performed through several semi-structured qualitative interviews with twenty-three sample. The results of the coding, categorization and validation process led to the developing of 11 main categories (anthropological opportunity, geomorphological opportunity, dynamic opportunity, non-dynamic opportunity, placebo effect opportunity, technological opportunity, knowledge-based opportunity, abdominal opportunity, commercialization opportunity,  service opportunity,  Medical Opportunity) and 31 sub-categories as entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of the city of Zahedan. On the one hand, the research findings contain theoretical contribution to the knowledge-based domain of entrepreneurship from the perspective of the necessity of developing grounded concepts based on the dynamics and specific contextual conditions, and explain the action of entrepreneur in Iran, on the other hand. These are also appropriate for designing of relevant models, especially in the tourism industry. In this regard, and based on the research findings, some suggestions for future researches, and some practical and policy-making implications for the scientific discipline of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial actions, and policy-making in the countrychr('39')s field of entrepreneurship have been presented.

One of the most important challenges to the translation process is implementing the criteria for evaluating its quality to narrative scripts, especially in transferring cultural elements from one language to another. The translation quality assessment of Juliane House is a linguistic process consisting of three basic steps, implemented within the context of the text type, the quality of interpretations used and based on functional equivalence between the source text and the translated text. This research is an attempt to compare the above criteria by translating selected excerpts from book With Panegyrist of War in the Territory of Name and Disgraceby Nader Ebrahimi that includes his narrative from the Iraq-Iran war. The descriptive-analytical research seeks to achieve a proper equivalence between the source and the translated text in three steps: a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the text, its interpretation and translation. Finally, in the theory of Juliane House, the quality of translation is not merely a matter of linguistics, but of cultural practice, since the author expresses his literary experience in a particular cultural field and the text demands a particular audience who is familiar with the culture of the front line. As such, the translation of the elements of this narrative is based on overt translation in House theory. The translation method of many of the terms and expressions in this narrative is based on Housechr('39')s theory of descriptive method, while the translation method of most narratives is literal.

Ritual poems of praying for the rain accompanied by dramatic body movements are usually prevalent in traditional music. Having roots in fictions, religious thoughts and beliefs, the tradition is an Iranian ancient one. It reminds worshiping Anahita, the goddess of ‘waters’ and fertility. It can also be considered as a widespread tradition with variety of performing acts in Iran and the Middle East. The methods are either individual or group acts performed with humans, dolls, praying, objects and animals. The present study discusses different ways of praying for the rain and common rituals in the north and south part of the country. Some of the mentioned cases are selected for further investigation of their morphology and performing aspects by using descriptive-analytical research methods. The results of comparing the traditions indicate that praying or wishing for the rain is not merely a performing act; it is a mythological thought rooted in the Iranian culture.

The present research intends to find the role of spiritual attitudes and thinking styles in anticipating post-traumatic growth in disabled veterans. The applied research method is descriptive-correlational. Study samples include 362 disabled veterans of Iraq-Iran war (267 with 25-49% disability and 95 veterans with 50-70% disability) selected from various cities of Tehran province using stratified random sampling and evaluated using Jaeger et al spiritual attitude inventory (2012), Tedeschi and Calhoun’s post-traumatic growth inventory (2011), as well as the Sternberg-Wagner thinking styles inventory (1979). The results correlation analyses and multivariate regression (simultaneous regression) show a significant relation between spiritual attitudes and legislative thinking styles and post-traumatic growth in veterans; and spiritual attitudes (Beta=0.711) and legislative thinking styles (Beta=0.559) can significantly anticipate the post-traumatic growth (p< 0.01). Moreover, spiritual attitudes and thinking styles can explain 65% of changes in post-traumatic growth. Study results support that spirituality and spiritual attitudes as well as thinking style play a significant role in post-traumatic growth in disabled veterans. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop some educational or consultative plans for disabled veterans based on these findings.

Sufficiency in the conventional sense of symbols has prevented them from defining new concepts. On the other hand, the foundation of factors that shape the patterns leads to the decipherment and production of a new meaning. The role of the peacock has always been a symbol of pride, glory, and beauty. However, understanding the visual difference between the twelfth-century peacock motif carpet and the previous specimens doubled the need to reproduce the new meaning. Auxiliary text was needed to achieve this goal. With such an approach, Sheikh Shahab al-Din Suhrawardichr('39')s " Loghat-e-Moran seems appropriate. Itchr('39')s as if our Loghat-e-Moran for a text was an image of an altar rug peacock in the Metropolitan Museum, and as a result it was read accordingly. Understanding the meaning of the peacock motif based on the thematic application of the carpet and the above treatise is the main purpose of this article. The result shows that the peacock, in addition to its common meanings, was a symbol of longing and sorrow. This research is based on the qualitative method and developed and described based on the motif of the altar peacock carpet in the meaningful context of the text Loghat-e-Moran by Sheikh Ishraq. In terms of classification, it is descriptive and analytical study.

Feelings of spiritual hollowness and fading away spirituality are characteristics of the present century. Also, the emergence of false spiritual schools has led to the collapse of spiritual life. Since the innate needs of man can be met only with true spirituality and obedience to the commands and prohibitions of the God almighty.  And by obeying those commands and prohibitions, spirituality takes root in human beings and the thirst of human nature will be quenched by the refreshing spirituality hence, taking care of spiritual life is one of the essential anthropological necessities of human beings. The purpose of this research is to analyze Imam Mohammad Ghazalichr('39')s views on "spiritual life" and the study of the components of this life from his perspective. To achieve this goal, there is need to examine and explain the verses of Holy Qurchr('39')an and refer to the interpretations on the one hand and explaining Ghazalichr('39')s approach in the books Al-Ehya Ulom al-din and Kimiya-e- Saadat. This is done by a descriptive method and the analysis Al-Ghazalichr('39')s views in the form of documents. The result of research is aimed at: promoting the knowledge of God and institutionalizing duties of worship and creating motivation for the growth of genuine religious spirituality. Among the feasible successes is the allegiance to the prophetic tradition, repentance and return to glorious God, cultivating virtues and repelling vices and fighting vile desires.

The companies’ registration system is considered as the beginning of the emergence of modern company law in legal systems and its evolution has a fundamental role in the evolution and development of this legal field. Western systems have realized this fundamental role, and for this reason, today the companies’ registration mechanism offers the most complete function to prove the identity and decelerate the status of the companies. However, in Iranian law, the companies’ registration system should be considered a failed system that contains baseless formalities and lacks the necessary efficiency. A subject that according to the unity and integration of the modern company law in the framework of the need for the same regulations in different legal systems, should be considered in the difference between the interpretations of the doctrine of company law in Iranian and Western law. Based on this, the question arises as to what is the relationship between the interpretations of the doctrine of company law in the West and the development of the registration system on the one hand and on the other hand the interpretations of the doctrine of corporate law in Iran and the weakness of the registration system. This research in the framework of library information collection method and descriptive-analytical research method, by proposing three theories of Formalism, The reality of legal personality and Company enterprise, provides interpretations of them in the Western and Iranian company law and seeks to prove a direct relationship between these interpretations and the type of realized system of companies registration - from the perspective of strength and weakness - in Western and Iranian legal systems. Finally, suggestions have been made to counter these interpretations within the framework of the rules and regulations in Iranian law.