نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1396)

The present article was conducted with the aim of improving the process and the flow of financial activities based on the findings and results of a field study from the 10th area of municipality of Tehran. Considering that improving processes will increase the number of cases, such as speed of responsivity to customers, efficiency improvement, effective management of resources, and therefore improve the urban management. Also due to the fact that CMMI is a framework that its main focus is on improving processes, so it is an appropriate option to boost the flow of activities, especially in the financial area of municipalities.

In this paper, considering the conducted evaluation through Scoping method and with regard to selected criteria of the level two and three of capabilities, it was concluded that the five areas of the assessed process had the most impact on the flow of financial process and the organization based on the capability level of CMMI is at the first level of capability.

The results of the research indicate that scoping evaluation and prioritization of improving measures and implementation of the general and specific activities of the maturity framework of integrated capability and its solutions, which cause upgrading to a higher level, lead to improved resource management, life cycle improvement and better control of the timing of the urban management system.

 New urban needs and urban development have caused central governments to face a lack of financial resources to provide urban services. This issue, especially in the field of financing urban projects, has attracted the attention of the private sector and the public sector, and in particular, the municipalities. The main objective of this research is to understand how much of the municipalities are prepared and willing to use PPP in urban development projects and how well they know how they can be implemented, which may affect the success of the project.

This research is designed to identify the criteria and opportunities for the successful implementation of PPP in urban development. The method of doing the work was a questionnaire and conducted interviews with experts and investors who invested in public projects through public-private partnership, as well as municipal construction contractors who were willing to participate in ppp projects. According to Cochran method, sampling volume was estimated at 104 samples.

According to Kendall's fit test and Friedman test, the results indicate that among the factors of readiness of organizations for laws and regulations, they have had the highest rank in the success of urban development projects. The development of guides and information resources in this area is one of the effective measures for capacity building and eliminating possible ambiguities and misunderstandings about public-private partnerships.

Urban management is a process that generally leads to a system decision, the extent to which the city's success or failure is dependent on power and legitimacy, and the legal, social and economic structure of the society. The type of urban management in different historical periods and in different regions reflects the attitude and the level of public participation (collectivist approach) and administrative executive authority. In this paper, the ability and weaknesses (their advantages and disadvantages) have been analyzed in order to understand the evolution of the urban management and management approach and the evolutions of Iranian urbanmanagement levels in different developments and to state the status quo.

In this research, using descriptive methods (library studies), analysis of secondary data (documents) and content analysis technique, a comparative comparison between the traditional and new urban management approach from the period of the rule of the Med (780 BC) (Until the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1395), the model and strategy of integrated urban management in Iran have been analyzed based on the new perspectives of sustainable urban management.

The findings of this study are based on the analysis of the functions and functions of urban management in Iran and the fact that the urban management system of the country is influenced by centralized planning and management (centralizing organization) in different governments and analyzing the elements affecting the urban management of the country in Current times at macro, regional, and local / local levels and changes in urban management levels over time reflect the parallel existence of decision making and planning.

The historical trajectory of trends and trends in the shape and content of urban management in different periods represents a form of conceptual, conceptual, content, and functional evolution of management; in such a way that the concepts and beliefs of the single and The one-dimensional approach to multidimensional and multifaceted beliefs (participatory management, utilization of wisdom, responsiveness, and transparency) has been guided. The city administration has over the past hundred years been one of the main responsibilities of urban management due to the lack of sustainable sources of income, the weakness of civil and local institutions, and the lack of a defined organizational position in the country's hierarchy of organization, lack of participation in planning due to the nature of centralized planning and From the top to the bottom ...... they are left behind and mostly paid attention to the affairs of the city.

Communicative planning is one of the major ideas of the 1990s that was widely considered by planners. Considering the importance of this theory, this research is aimed to identify executive and institutional contexts for realizing communicative planning in Tehran.

In order to achieve the research’s goal, complementary approach of institutionalization has been used and the research framework has been designed by combining the two views of institutionalization and communicative planning. This study investigates and analyzes the urban planning system of Tehran, using descriptive-explanatory information.

The findings indicate that the most important problems in Tehran planning system are: lack of coordination and co-operation among the relevant institutions, inconsistency and conflict between urban laws and regulations in relation to the duties of the institutions, lack of defining mediator and facilitator role for planners, weakness of public participation, the inconspicuous role of NGOs, lack of a comprehensive educational system and weak cultural development.

Tehran planning system requires implementing actions in four main dimensions, to adapt to communicative planning: defining new tasks for planning, providing internal requirements of formal and informal institutions, and establishing cooperation among all relevant institutions.

 Paying attention and concentrating on the spatial structure of the city in terms of possession of various indicators is quite necessary because the spatial structure of the city has a coherent system which consists of various elements and components. That is in a way that transience of each and every one of these elements affects the whole set and urban structure. Based on this fact, the aim of this research is evaluating the rate of spatial justice and the distribution pattern of spatial indicators and determining that rate of concentration in the mentioned indicators.

The research method is descriptive-analytic. In this research, by utilizing demographic-social, economic and skeletal indicators and also using VICOR, cluster analysis models, Gini coefficients and Moran coefficients, leveling and rating urban areas and measuring and spatial concentration and autocorrelation of the city of Mahabad in the year of 1394 is done.

Results from VIKOR model showed us that the most urban areas of the city of Mahabad are undeveloped or not developed in a favorable way. Consequently, using Gini and Moran coefficients it has been cleared that facilities and urban services are concentrated the most, as this concentration has not faced a notable autocorrelation. That is because in the most cases, the distribution of the indicators was focused on a particular area, but not in several adjacent areas.

It is determined that in the most cases, the spots that are possessed and allocated are placed in the north and northwest of the city and deprived spots are placed in south of the city of Mahabad. Therefore, paying an undivided attention to a decrease in inequalities and move to a balanced development in terms of facilities and urban services must be prioritized in urban management and planning.

Cities today extend their spatial territories, whereas they become more susceptible to natural and man-made threats. Being located in the earthquake-prone belt of Himalayas, on average every five years, Iran faces an earthquake of magnitude of seven in Richter scale. Given the existence of active faults, Tehran is always at risk of earthquakes and has higher probability of accidents due to socio-economic-physical risk factors like high concentration of population, weak structures, weak adaptation of public services, housing, and so on, compared to other cities in Iran. As is clear, cities are complex systems constantly exposed to various interactions. Thus, to make such a great complex with its own complexities resilient and efficient, we need to draft some principles that clarify the path to achieving this goal. The purpose of the present study was to examine the components of urban resilience (case study: District 16 Tehran) with an emphasis on the natural incident earthquake. The study was conducted using a questionnaire, determining the total volume of samples, and using Cochran method along simple random sampling formula. Thus, 200 questionnaires were analyzed according to a 5-option Likert scale and t-test using SPSS. The results showed that urban resilience components at economic level include the role of providing services and increasing incentives for housing reform with an average of 3.39 percent was the most proper and the belief in planning to reduce the devastating effects of the earthquake with the priority of increasing revenue of people with an average of 1.92 are the most improper economic components.  The social level includes the participation in training courses to deal with the damage caused by an earthquake and to reduce its effect with an average of 3.38 as the most proper and transfer the experiences for reduction of the impact of earthquake with an average of 1.73% is the most improper components at social level. . Moreover, at the physical-environmental level studied, the increase in the damage caused by the lack of a prior warning system and evacuation systems with an average of 3.64 were considered the most appropriate and the trust in housing due to consulting with domestic architects and consulting engineers with an average of 2.016 was the most inappropriate case at physical-environmental level.

The new cities after World War II were a model for solving the social, economic, and environmental problems caused by the concentration of large cities. These new towns were located and settled in order to solve these problems as well as to attract the population overflow in the area of these cities. Thus, this pattern has been considered in many countries of the world, and in Iran before 1977, with the aim of providing housing for industrial workers and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, in order to attract the overflow of the population of the main cities, attention has been paid. The present study was designed to analyze the position of new cities in the Tehran metropolitan space system. The method used in this research has been descriptive-analytic. The findings indicate that the location and establishment of new cities in Iran, especially around the Tehran metropolis, have not met the expected goals the benefits of new cities from the economic and environmental dimension, their position in the spatial system of Tehran's urban area. To reduce the economic attractiveness and livelihoods of Tehran's metropolitan area. also, among the new cities around Tehran, the only new city of thought is due to being located in an area that has potential and actual economic potential, a history of urbanization, being in the center of activity and being attractive enough to invest in cooperative sectors (cooperative housing companies) and the private sector is almost successful and could achieve the quantitative and predictable demographic targets projected for the city