نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 33 (بهار 1397)

This research has been conducted for evaluating environmental performance of Tehran municipality based on Green City indicators by using ISO 14031 standards for assessing and evaluating municipality performance and ranking its success by taking Green City indicators into account.

This research is based on practical purpose & descriptive-survey method. All residents of Tehran 22 districts, have been included in statistical population. Data was extracted through distribution and collection of 388 questionnaires. Sample data was selected based on stratified sampling method and analyzed, using SPSS software.

Research findings demonstrate, Tehran municipality’s environmental management, is in an acceptable level for the following areas: Preserving urban ecosystem and building & creation of environmental centers in Tehran’s districts, however it is not satisfactory when it comes to: city's biodiversity & green space, water & energy management, transportation, air quality & pollution control and land + building usage.

Research results suggest, Tehran has to go through a long way to reach Green City indicators and existing urban management has not been able to take a major step in this regard yet, thus it’s crucial for urban management to develop a strategic environment plan to meet Green City features.

Understanding the crisis requires the systematization of theories. Today, crisis management in the field of architecture and urban planning is the focus of attention of most architects and urban planners, while the cultural, economic, political and social crises in this area have been neglected. Cultural crisis as the basis of other crises is a topic that should be considered more than once, and without a systemic view of organizing architects, economists, sociologists and politicians, this crisis can not be overcome.

library and analytical

The present study, based on a systematic approach in the cultural, social, economic, and political spheres, and by comparing three fundamental methods, spectrum and survival management in crisis management, introduced the method of research in architectural crises of a fundamental type and identified the above crises In the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution in the domain of housing, which is rooted in the paradigm of Western individualism.

The macroeconomic attitude in the field of crisis management in architecture and urbanism is one of the issues that should be addressed. as long as the thought of the verdict as the spirit of the system in creating the structure between the components of the system (architects, economists, politicians and sociologists ); The function of the architecture system and the urbanization of the product would be dumb and useless.

 The main role of urban furniture in the level of streets and urban spaces is the creation of places that is the language of the personality of human identity and the desired urban landscape. Proper design and utilization urban furniture fitting the environment in the open areas of the city, which we call urban spaces, is an essential element of urban planning. Spaces such as squares, parks, sidewalks, etc. have a great influence on the quality of urban life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of satisfaction of citizens from urban furniture in Marivan city as one of the tourist cities in Iran.

The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information is based on the library method and field surveys (observation, interview and questionnaire). 

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. In this study, the average satisfaction of urban furniture in a five-dimensional range of 2.68 which is lower than the average score.

The results of the research show that the furniture situation in this city has not been favorable. Accessibility factor, attention to climatic conditions, attention to current standards, is not considered and unevenly and regardless to certain criteria have been constructed and the design and construction of urban furniture is low compared to common standards.

The municipal classification system is considered as a rule of varying characteristics that is now considered merely in the area of the mayor's salary and the criteria for the selection of the mayor, while the grading criteria out of 1 for towns with populations Lower or newly established, up to 12 metropolitan cities, including the population, municipal income and the city, to achieve the empowerment of first-degree municipalities to achieve sustainable incomes.

Analytical-descriptive research and survey of municipalities of grade 1-7 in Isfahan province have been carried out by navigating the urban managers. Then, using SWOT model, the existing income methods are summarized.

Research findings indicate that in municipalities with a lower degree of dependence of the municipality's income on state aid and so on, while there is no cost management in this type of municipalities, and, on the other hand, the role of the city council in these cities It is much smaller.

Legislators such as the Parliament and the Cabinet of Ministers should endeavor not to be included in the text of the municipal law as an institution and in the general text of the text, and considering the grading of municipalities as a law can play an effective role in influencing the text of the law in the realization of sustainable incomes Have.

Urban furniture is the most commonly used concept of urban equipment. Once these urban furniture components and components are considered, they are, firstly, located in open urban areas and function publicly, and secondly, their presence in urban space does not require the general needs of citizens to provide. The present study aimed to design suitable urban furniture in the pedestrian pathway in Sadeghieh neighborhood. The research method has been applied both in practical and theoretical way. In the theoretical aspect, the main method of research is documentary. In the documentary, a descriptive-analytic combination method and indirect observation (questionnaire) have been used. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient as well as factor analysis and their valuation using Likert scale 5 was performed and the reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method. Fourth factor analysis (socio-economic, physical-space, traffic access, urban design) was identified as the most important factors for the design of urban furniture. The findings show that urban design factor includes: aesthetic, urban furniture quality, sense of location in the roadway, effectiveness Nature in urban space and the presence of urban furniture integrity are the most important factors in the design of urban furniture in the study area. Accordingly, it can be said that the effect of colors in the urban environment, the existence of pauses to rest and stop in the environment, the modernity and novelty of the furniture, the beauty of the environment by using natural and artificial lighting, beautifying the pedestrian with the use of Various and relaxing colors and the existence of large pedestrians have been identified as the most important factors in the design and fitting of urban furniture in the roadway through the study area.

Children, as one of the most sensitive sectors of society, lost their place in the development of cities, and instead of being in urban spaces, they were sentenced to home space due to numerous barriers, including insecurity. Therefore, the present research tries to draw up strategies for the desirable children's spaces by extracting effective indicators. The research method is analytical-descriptive and information is obtained through library resources and field research.At the end, theoretical notions of research were carried out on the context (Udlajan neighborhood) and by analyzing the data with respect to the obtained indicators, the applied policies and strategies were presented. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the use of Udlajan neighborhood urban spaces and the creation of security for children. Due to its historical identity, Udlajan context also has potential for the presence of children, which can be exploited using the applied strategies.

  Price is the most important variable in the land and housing sector, which is responsible for providing economic resources, informing and providing the necessary signals to investors. The analysis of spatial performance of the housing market is very important for the study of the city's social well-being. This study aimed to investigate the variables influencing the housing prices in two residential units, villas and apartments based on the literature and empirical studies in Tabriz were studied. These variables include four variable Socio - economic, physical, environmental and variable access housing units Were measured in all urban areas,s tabriz.

The variable data through questionnaires from households and housing prices is based on authentic and real estate agents. To analyze the relationship between the variables discussed as independent variables and housing prices as the dependent variable was used the Pearson correlation and regression model.

According to the results of Pearson correlation test, there is a positive and significant relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results of the regression model show that the four variables have a direct and significant effect on the increase in housing prices in residential units and apartment buildings. In the villa oasis, the variables of access to residential units and socio-economic factors of the household and in apartment units, environmental variables (neighborhood) and access to housing alone have an impact on the rise in housing prices.

The results of this research show that in total villa and apartment units, the variable quality of the facade of the building, the area of the infrastructure, the number of rooms in the residential unit and the land area have had the greatest impact on the rise in housing prices in the metropolis of Tabriz.