نشریه رهیافت پیشگیری
سال چهارم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

As a part of popular culture, proverbs contain moral advice and instructions and are the source of change in the literature and moral sciences of nations and can be very effective in crime prevention. This research was conducted in line with the question of what are the theories of prevention criminology in Persian proverbs and with the aim of recognizing the criminological theories of prevention in them.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose, which was done with a qualitative approach and content analysis method via using open, axial and selective coding techniques.Results and

A study of the most complete culture of Persian proverbs, including 99621 proverbs, showed that about 991 cases are consistent with the criminological theories of prevention. In such a way that both branches of non-criminal prevention, namely situational prevention and social prevention, are clearly visible in the proverbs. As a result, it can be said that the three core components of the individual, society and the family form the summary of the themes of the proverbs related to crime prevention theories.

One of the necessary elements for committing a crime is the spiritual element, ie the perpetrator's mental interactions, which have components such as knowledge of the sentence and the subject; General malice and specific malice; And motivation. Motivation, which is sometimes interpreted as the cause, is the internal factors such as jealousy, love, revenge, hedonism, fame, justice, etc., which is the ultimate goal of committing a crime and the perpetrator to commit The crime drives. In fact, it can be said that motivation is the cause of moving and doing work.

This descriptive-analytical method uses library resources to examine the criminal teachings on the motivation to commit a criminal responsibility and punishment from the perspective of different schools.

In this study, while referring to the spiritual element and its elements, it pays special attention to motivation. Finally, by examining and relying on the opinions of criminal law scholars, it is explained that motivation has no effect on crime Specific can be considered as absolute public-private relationship. Explaining that whenever the legislature has made a specific criminal motive one of the elements of a crime, can be is considered as special malice.

Crime, deviance and social harms; these are phenomena that have affected human societies throughout history, and to prevent it and create security in society, various thinkers in the fields of sociology, psychology, criminology and the like have used various criminal and non-criminal measures. With the ineffectiveness of criminal measures alone, new theories of preventive measures based on non-criminal methods were proposed to reduce the grounds for crime in society. One of the non-criminal methods is the involvement of social and popular institutions to strengthen the resistance factors and reduce the risk factors.

This research, considering that it is both a historical research and an attempt to identify phenomena between objects; It utilized a documentary method that is considered descriptive-analytical type.

In the present study, on the one hand, the effect of the board on the dimensions of human existence, namely theoretical intellect (insight) and practical intellect (tendency) and its role in crime prevention were looked at and on the other hand, the social dimensions of the board and its organization.

The research findings show that by using the capacities of religious organizations as a non-governmental social institution, while socializing, modeling and identifying the young generation, criminal insight, motivation and behavior can be deprived of theoretical and practical reason by flourishing and evolving.

Police institutions have been established with the main purpose of maintaining public order and preventing the occurrence of crime. This institution has evolved over the past decades, and in line with the evolution of society's perception of the criminal phenomenon, it has shifted from traditional approaches to new and community-oriented approaches. The present study was conducted to investigate this evolution.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and utilized a descriptive-analytical method. Participants in the study were senior police officers who were purposefully selected and interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The text of the interviews was coded based on open, axial and selective coding.

The research findings showed that interaction with the environment, employing citizens and involving them in law enforcement issues, educating citizens, informing citizens, using the opinions of experts and critics to improve and improve services, using the great potential of people in the community and the like. The components of community policing prevention strategies are community-based.

Among the strategies of the police social prevention approach can be: interacting with government centers and using their capabilities in the direction of police participatory missions; Interaction with non-governmental organizations (religious organizations, mobilizations, charities and the like); Participation with social groups (teachers, guilds, students, students and the like); Establishment of counseling and assistance centers and provision of psychological and disciplinary counseling services; Cultivating and providing public education; Accurate information on preventive police actions based on a community-based approach and crime prevention through interaction with the family institution, he noted.

In this study, the psychological dimension of addiction, as one of the important aspects of this phenomenon, has been studied from two perspectives. One view is the strong role of the psychological dimension of addiction in the tendency of addicts to use addictive substances, and the other view is the broad perspective of psychological dependence on substance abuse and common treatment processes in non-governmental organizations. The main issue of the research is that what programs and measures do these institutions follow to achieve this goal?

This research was conducted by descriptive-analytical method using library resources. However, interviews were also conducted with a number of NGO improvements to increase the richness of the research.

Eliminating the psychological dependence of addicts, in spite of eliminating their physical dependence, has many difficulties and complexities. Treatment policies need to be comprehensive and based on objective and scientific evidence in order to eliminate psychological dependence. It is necessary for non-governmental organizations to identify the psychological contexts of addiction, especially mental and personality disorders that lead to addiction and the use of experienced psychotherapists and the use of up-to-date treatment strategies and individualization of treatment based on age, sex and type of substance. Also pay attention to the method and format of treatment strategies, such as individual, group, outpatient or residential, successful treatment in order to eliminate the psychological dependence of addicts. Another consequence is that if not all mental or personality disorders associated with substance abuse disorder are treated in the treatment process, the chances of addicts returning are doubled.