فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 48 (زمستان 1400)

The purpose of current research is the development of a conceptual model of self-consciousness for the first grade of high school students based on Morteza Motahari’s thoughts. In terms of purpose, this research is practical; and the approach is a qualitative one. Also, in terms of method, this research is considered an inferential analysis.The statistical community of research in the written section contains 45 works including books, research reports, published articles, existing sources on the web, first-hand sources relating to self-consciousness; and in humans section contains 15 experts in the fields of philosophy of education and educational psychology. The sampling method was target-oriented and the tool used for this was note-taking and interviewing. Based on research’s results, self-consciousness has five axes in Morteza Motahari’s thoughts: 1. Rankings of humans, 2. Human’s God-seeking, 3. Human’s reflection, 4. The selectiveness of humans and 5. Dynamism and maturity of humans. Moreover, research findings indicate that components of self-consciousness consist of 1. Physical and hereditary self, 2. The real self, 3. Ideal self, 4. Social self, 5. Moral and spiritual self and 6. Self-esteem. Considering the above-mentioned factors, and axes a model for self-consciousness for the first grade of high school students was developed.

The Engaging Period is an entrance to a new stage of the life that is very important in the individual and social life of every person Accordingly, the present study was conducted to identify the reasons for the formation of marital conflicts during the engaging period.This qualitative research was conducted using Thematic Analysis approach. The population of the study was all conflicting martials in Tehran in 1399 who had the criteria to enter the research. The necessary information has been collected from 16 participants who has experienced conflict the engaging period. The results of qualitative analysis from interviews showed the defects in individual, interactive, origin of family and social-cultural adaptability are the four main themes of conflict in the contract. The conflicting couple instead of moving in the direction of the pattern of marital complementarity, the damaging pattern of following-escaping or negative control dominates the relationship. Accordingly, in the process of counseling with conflicting couples during the engaging period, it is more important to focus on the identified defects.Keywords: engaging Period, marital conflicts, thematic analysis.

The “Aghd” period is one of the first stages of the life cycle of Iranian families. Since the “Aghd” period is a period when people are married but have not yet started living together under one roof, it seems necessary to pay attention to this period as the first stage of marriage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of Iranian married people during the “Aghd” period. The present study, which was conducted in 1399, was a qualitative study in which 13 participants (based on the principle of data saturation) were selected by purposive sampling method from the study population, which included people who were in the “Aghd” stage living in Tehran, and with the In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify their lived experiences. Finally, the interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis method and topics such as challenges and developmental tasks were extracted. Challenges included challenges related to the family of origin and the spouse's family, as well as challenges between spouses. According to the participants, the developmental tasks were divided into three categories: developmental tasks related to the couple, developmental tasks related to the families towards the couple, and individual developmental tasks. Finally, it can be concluded that the results of this study and similar studies can be used in designing premarital education packages based on the challenges and developmental tasks of the “Aghd” period.

Aim. Academic burnout is a serious problem and a negative emotional, physical and mental reaction to prolonged study that results in exhaustion, frustration, lack of motivation and reduced ability in school. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metacognitive beliefs and state's training on students' academic burnout. The applied method in this research is quasi-experimental with Pretest-Posttest design as well as the control group and a follow- up stage. The statistical population included the students of University of Birjand. Using a purposive sampling method, forty students were selected as sample of the research and they were randomly substituted in two groups of twenty people titled control and experiment. Salarifar's metacognitive training package (1391) was used in order to train metacognitive beliefs and states. Moreover, Maslach and Jackson questionnaire (1984) was applied to measure the rate of academic burnout. Data of this study were analyzed using covariance method. The findings demonstrated that the effect of metacognitive beliefs and state's training on the reduction of students’ academic burnout rate is significant. According to these results, metacognitive beliefs and state's training arguably reduces the rate of academic burnout.

After the crisis, the police can play an effective role in creating a sense of security for the people of the affected area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive role of the police in increasing the sense of social security after the earthquake crisis in Kermanshah.

The research population consisted of all police personnel who were present in the area after the earthquake in Kermanshah and sought social security. From this community, sampling was targeted to saturation (17 police officers). In this research, the phenomenological method was used to analyze the data. In this way, with the help of non-structured interviews, information was collected related to sample individuals.

The role of deterrence includes the role of inspection and interrogation, the role of observation and identification, the role of coping and facial and the monitoring and control functions. The role of preventive care, including the prevention of future crises, the role of awareness, the role of protection and the role of disciplinary function in the three subsectors of the role of strong enforcement, targeting measures, policy reform, and the role of public opinion. Discussion and

This review reflects the central role policymakers can play in creating a sense of social security. It also indicates that society needs police presence in police interventions in light of Islamic cultural-cultural considerations.

One of the most important aspects of human health is spiritual health, which has a great impact on other dimensions. Due to the need to provide a comprehensive definition of spiritual health and determine its components and measure it in accordance with the culture and religion of Iranian society, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing a conceptual model and tool for measuring spiritual health based on Islamic texts.   

The present study was conducted by a combined method of exploratory type (qualitative, quantitative). In the qualitative stage, by the method of qualitative content analysis with inductive categorization system, unknown variables and components of spiritual health were discovered and the conceptual model of spiritual health was drawn. To validate the data, the method of external audits or approval of relevant experts was used. Then, the tool for measuring spiritual health was developed in the form of a questionnaire with Likert scale in 70 items. In the quantitative stage, in the questionnaire validation process, content validity indicators were used to test the validity of the questionnaire, and test-retest methods and internal consistency were used to assess its reliability.   

In the qualitative stage, the components of spiritual health were classified into three main categories: Theology, Cognition of guide, and Eschatology. The theology components included the 6 concepts: monotheistic attitude, certainty, sincerity, detachment, trust in God, and remembrance of God. Components of cognition of guide   included the two main categories: matching manner with the Holy Qur'an (theoretical model), and matching manner with the prophets and the fourteen infallibles (practical model). The first category includes the two concepts of familiarity with the Qur'an and practice of the Qur'an; And the second category includes 22 concepts: submission and satisfaction, patience, fulfillment of obligations, abandonment of prohibitions, thanksgiving, contentment, material pleasure, spiritual pleasure, faithful to the covenant, truthfulness, trustworthiness, good-temperedness, generosity, manliness, assistance, forgiveness, justice, courage, Jealousy, forbearance, modesty and halal Livelihood. The last component of spiritual health is eschatology, which includes the three concepts: resurrection-believing, remembrance of death and asceticism. Finally, the tool for measuring spiritual health was designed based on a conceptual model. In the quantitative stage, a total of 70 items were identified by experts as necessary, relevant, simple and clear, and the validity of the content was confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed internal consistency in all constructs and sub-constructs of the questionnaire and the test-retest results in all components confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. 

In the present study, with a comprehensive view of a perfect human being with the monotheistic identity mentioned in Islamic texts, the components of spiritual health are extracted and its conceptual model is designed, and its measurement tools have been developed and validated, which is in line with previous studies in this field.

The aim of this research was to develop job thriving model in relation to emotional intelligence with the mediating role of psychological capital in female elementary school teachers. The method of this research was descriptive and was applied .The Population under study contained all female elementary school teachers of Tehran’s ministry of education in the year 1399.the sample size was selected 405 persons with use of the cluster sampling technique. Three major questionnaires : Thriving at work questionnaire(Porath et al,2011) , psychological capital questionnaire(Lutz,2007) and Emotional intelligence questionnaire (Shering,1995), were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics , correlation, regression and path analysis were used to analyze the data .The result showed that emotional intelligence and psychological capital have a positive relation with job thriving. Also, the results of path analysis showed the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between emotional intelligence with job thriving. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence can predict job thriving. Considering emotional intelligence can play an important role in the process of increasing job thriving and The hypothetical model of experimental data research had a good fit.

The aim of this study was to extract the components of creative and critical thinking skills in the elementary school Iranian educational system. To conduct this research, a qualitative approach and a qualitative content analysis method have been used. The statistical sample consisted of 12 experts in educational sciences and psychology who were selected using purposive sampling. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The research findings included 8 main categories, 19 main subcategories and 88 concepts for the 4 elements of basic objectives, teaching content, teaching-learning methods and evaluation methods. First, in the section of the main objectives of teaching creative and critical thinking based on the opinion of experts, two main categories of intrapersonal skills and extrapersonal skills were extracted. In the next step for the educational content, the main categories extracted were: planning and problem solving and teaching communication and critical skills. The next element that was examined was teaching-learning methods, for which the main categories extracted were creative teaching-learning methods and critical teaching-learning methods. In the final part the components were reviewed and evaluated. According to experts, the two main categories of performance evaluation and integrated evaluation were extracted.

The aim of study was compare the effectiveness of the developed package of promoting couples' interpersonal relationships based on emotion-oriented approach and cognitive-behavioral marital counseling on marital attachment and commitment. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population included couples with marital conflicts who referred to counseling centers in Tehran, where 30 couples were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into three groups (10 couples in each group). One group received 12-session training package to promote couples' interpersonal relationships based on emotional approach, and a group received 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral marital counseling; but the control group did not receive any intervention. Research instruments included marital conflict, marital commitment and adult attachment scales. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-25 software. The results showed the emotion-oriented approach compared to the control group has a significant effectiveness and stability on all aspects of attachment and marital commitment (p <0.05) and compared to cognitive-behavioral marital counseling group, more effective on all three dimensions of attachment and structural commitment (p <0.05). Cognitive-behavioral group in post-test stage had a significant effect on two dimensions of attachment (avoidance and anxiety) (p <0.05) that these effects were not stable (p <0.05) but showed significant lasting effects on all dimensions of Marital commitment (p <0.05). The results showed that the use of the emotion-oriented approach compared to cognitive-behavioral intervention to improve attachment and marital commitment of couples with marital conflict has priority.

The special lifestyle of intermittent employees, which includes their intermittent distances from family, can significantly affect their family life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the contextual challenges in the family life of intermittent employees. The method of this research is qualitative in the form of content analysis and focus group discussion that 29 people were selected through purposeful and voluntary sampling including intermittent staff, spouses, family experts and managers; data were collected to theoretical saturation using semi-structured interviews, then The data analysis led to the appearance of the three main abstract categories that includes “Family management conflicts”, “attenuation of family functions” and “unorganized of Kinship and social interactions”, consisting of a total of 10 subcategories. Therefore, recognizing the family challenges of intermittent employees can be useful in providing consulting services, strategies to prevent family problems and confrontational solutions to dealing with problems, as well as improving the quality of life of their families.