نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1393)

Respect of the natural and environmental climates has become one of the main issues associated with technological sciences, particularly with urbanism and architecture.   Thermal comfort, the reduction of energy consumption, the control of energy exchange between human and his natural and artificial environments are all important factors in urban design. Moreover, pedestrian instead of vehicular area are given preeminence. In urban design and planning, in order to optimize the comfort of pedestrians, various climate related factors must be taken into consideration. In the present research we ask two questions; first which climate factors influence positively the environment and secondly in order to create an urban space in symbiosis with the microclimate, what should be done? Factors influential on the thermal comfort are introduced using the Ecotect software (an analytical software of various climate and energy related factors). First the data for the climate of Tehran are analyzed, and then the important factors influencing the environmental comfort of its microclimate are evaluated. Sunlight exposure, wind, relative humidity, relative shadowing, thermal comfort and other environmental factors are studied in parallel with building location. The various problematic emplacements are identified and solutions are proposed. The main goal of the present research is to clearly identify the most influential climatic factors in urban environment and use them in urban design, particularly for the design of pedestrian areas.

One of the main concerns of managers and urban planners is systematic guidance and control of physical-spatial development of cities. This requires resources and tools such as sufficient financial resources. Urban management incomes appropriateness means it should be some kind that access to them doesn’t expose qualitative conditions of city -as alive and dynamic phenomenon- to the threats. Considering this matter, present paper has explained the combination of income resources of Tehran’s urban management and its effects on qualitative of physical-spatial development of Tehran. Research method is descriptive-analytical that has been done using library- documentary study and referral to the records and existing references. Results show that abandonment of urban management in achieving financial resources has led to financial reliance of Tehran’s municipality on resulted incomes from buildings and lands taxes, especially sale of the excess of floor area ratio. The overview of the records indicates that this procedure of the achievement of financial sources has relied on violation of Tehran’s physical projects rules and laws and this matter has caused not reaching to suggestions of Tehran’s comprehensive plan and as a result the city’s imbalanced vertical development and more disruptions to its physical-spatial organization. At the end, the message of this study is to maintain the quality of the urban environment and the development of infrastructure for creating and providing services to citizens in the long term need to correct and detailed planning in order to reduce dependence on unstable incomes of urban management and move towards a sustainable income.

By a brief overview of the current world, which is a world of competition between organizations, we can discover that what makes companies and organizations outstrip each other in this competition is their ability to provide better products in a wider range and shorter time and keep loyal customers of the organization.
In the current situation, projects are faced with crisis at any moment. The environment of the projects is highly variable and these uncertain conditions are more difficult for larger projects.Due to the nature of the project the risks always exist and the projects are threatened by not completing on time and with allocated costs.
Nowadays achieving excellence in organizations is an essential by which they can move in a more successful way.
Risk management is a way by which organizations can step toward excellence in a current competitive world.
In this research, by reviewing relevant literature, a list of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) is identified to implement risk management. Then these factors are distributed between experts to identify their effects and rate them. Lastly, a framework for the implementation of risk management in projects is provided by means of the final factors.

Introduction and Purpose:

The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting physical development Garmdarreh During the period of 85-92.

Using descriptive - analytical problem to track and survey research data is collected. And whereas data Likert scale questionnaire survey, the ratings are, in this regard, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used

The coefficient of correlation between two variables in order to show, in other words corresponding nonparametric correlation coefficient is

The study area is in the process of physical development in recent decades has gone through rapid growth
Which consequently leads to changes in land use, land mismatch with the principles of City of features, increased migration and population growth are thus

Introduction and Objective:

The excellent qualities of the town of Shooshtar such as the good number of ancient buildings related to Sassanid era, its great nature, flowing of Karun River through the town, the famous mills and hydraulic systems and suitable tourist destinations attracts many domestic tourists every year. This article intended to investigate the present condition of tourist facilities and services in the town of Shooshtar and the level of satisfaction of tourists from these tourist accommodation establishments in New Year holidays in 1393

accommodation establishments in New Year holidays in 1393. This is a functional theory study using a descriptive analytical method. To carry out this study, we used a questionnaire to gather field data. One hundred fifty tourists were chosen by simple random sampling to fill in the questionnaire. After gathering the questionnaires, the data were sorted and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

it was found that there was a meaningful relationship between the tourists' satisfaction from the condition of tourist destinations and services on the one hand and the amount of advertisement and the number of tourists on the other hand.
 

The results of the study indicated that from the participants' point of view, the condition of tourist facilities and services in the town of Shooshtar is not desirable and the level of satisfaction was low.

Introduction and Aim:

International experiences show that planning can no longer meet the stakeholders' demands as omniscient. So, over the past decade focusing on bottom-up planning has been more successful in many different areas of the city in developing countries. Nevertheless, the consequences of this approach should be more investigated in developing countries. Todays, centralized top-down planning is used in the most cities of developing countries which stakeholders' partnership has been limited in urban management. The main aim of this study is to assess citizen participation in local management in the Sanglaj neighborhood.

Research method:

This research is of descriptive and analytical method. Using non-probability sampling method, we chose 96 residents of the Sanglaj neighborhood as a model. Also we designed a Questionnaire and distributed among them. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. Tests used in this software, Single-sample t test and Pearson's correlation tests.

The findings:

The findings and statistical tests showed desire to participate among the citizens of the Sanglaj neighborhood is high and the average 57/3 confirms it. Finally, it was shown, there is a significant relationship among participation and performance of local councils. Correlation Test value is 0/837 and based on standard interpretation, this value is acceptable.

The results showed that the level of citizen participation is not desirable, which explains the low level of citizen participation in urban governance is based and it can be concluded that enough context for citizen participation in local management is not provided. However, the willing to participate at community affairs among the citizens of Sanglaj neighborhood is in good standing. So this is a valuable capital and a potential that must be treated. Finally, it is suggested that councils could still regard as a public institution to provide public participation in urban governance.