نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 5 (بهار 1390)

From beginning of third millennium, cities of less developed countries have been captive with increasing challenges, like socio- physical infrastructures saturation, expansion of informal settlements, growth of social abnormals, increasing of socio- economical injustice, extension of environmental pollutions, and totally decrease of life quality. Meanwhile, opposite of citizenship identity and assumption of developmental unsustainable patterns because of infirmity or lack of using participatory patterns and good governance systems have reduplicated existent problems. 

Research method is descriptive- analytical- developmental method, that first concepts and theories are studied, then according to Iranian cities situations, research strategies have been appointed. 

Good governance includes of rules of power performance and resolve of discords. These rules includes of fundamental laws, common laws, traditions, administrative regulations, international treaties, and etc., that can change type of adjustment and implementation of policies decisions. Urban sustainable management will accomplish via performance of good governance principles and obligating of human rights contents.

the Disproportionate and rapid growth of cities have accused the problems such as morphology and heterogeneity in urban life. This has led to talk of urban identity and the identity of a city considered by sociologists, urban planners and designers should be. This article aims to explain the city's identity, the identity of the city and the urban crisis is written from the perspective of sociology.

This type of study is a qualitative research method that is based document library.

There are two approaches to the city's identity.  The first approach views the environmental, climatic, technological, economic, political, security and cultural factors are important for the making of city's identity. The second approach focuses on the identity of the residents and builders of the city's identity.  This approach focuses on the urban forms in each of the glorious periods of cultural, creative visualization are the creators. The city and the urban area is an indication of the identity of its builders and inhabitants.  Therefore, city and its identity is based on the identity of its the builders and residents identity.  According to Heidegger, Schultz and Dariush Shayegan comments, The identity crisis of the urban is related the crisis of ideas of its builders and residents.

The identity of the city is the sign of man's identity. If society has a specific purpose and its residents as its builders aren't confused, distracted, Mimicked. So we can say the city has a soul and identity is integrated.its no matter that this sprit represents the devotion, or land forces. The City that has identity, it has a Centre and oriented.

Security of citizens affected by social factors and environment in urban spaces is part of the human environment are due to the type of construction and arrangement of furniture and architectural coatings and facade lighting insecurity they are operating effectively in the other hand, lack of attention to the safety of urban infrastructure security to citizens would endanger this study to analyze factors affecting security and insecurity in urban areas of five regions of Tehran, has been discussed. These places include streets, thoroughfares, squares, city centers are recreational equipment installations.

Data from two libraries have been collecting and field. Field data questionnaire with random sampling and sample size of 100 residents of five regions is obtained.

Results show the most important factor five regional insecurity in the streets of Tehran, about 29 percent of the vehicles are. Main cause of insecurity in the network places, crowding over some parts of southern and northern zone 5 is crowded. Main cause of insecurity in the region fields, the presence of vehicles in these spaces with 32 percent of the vote is. Present operating thugs and drug dealers, to obtain 35 percent of the comments; the insecurity in the recreation center was the first priority.

the security presence of spaces and interactive relationship citizens has with each other. Security in urban areas, more citizens to participate in the urban environment helps social communication and therefore the presence of civilians also is increased security in urban spaces.

Fast and accurate treatment operation is one of main objectives and priorities of pre-hospital Emergency systems. Organizational citizenship behavior is one of influential factors in this operation. Determining the relationship of organizational citizenship behavior and basic Trauma Life Support among Mashhad emergency medical technicians.

Netemeyer model was used to measure organizational citizenship behavior which contains Altruism, conscience, civil behavior and Chivalry as its dimensions. Based on experts’ opinions and research background, a checklist of operations was obtained to measure basic trauma life support. Research population was emergency medical technicians of Mashhad Medicine University’s emergency. The sample size was 53 and simple random sampling was performed. Descriptive statistic and Pearson correlation was used to analyze data.

There was a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and basic trauma life support. Also, there are significant relationship between altruism, civil behavior, Chivalry  and basic trauma life support. Significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and basic trauma life support denote for accurate basic trauma life support, Organizational citizenship behavior is an essential factor which could decrease the Traumatic death and injuries.

Emergency medical services managers should take more attention regards this beyond role factor to obtain better performances of Emergency medical technicians

citizen ethics are a set of rules and social customs which can provide the possibility of a good and coordinate life without any tensions with each other or environment in large, medium and small cities. So  the viewpoint and ethical approach of  authorities and residents of these cities  can help  to institutionalize  this  approach by cultural engineering , and can provide possibility of calm  pass  to sustainable development  and  eliminate Inappropriate  situations to  appropriate ones for  future generations. This research reviews the relationship between cultural engineering and developmentof citizen ethics.

This research is descriptive in terms of performance and is done by using correlation method and is considered as an applied research in terms of goal.

Having considered the indexes such as social obligations, professional obligations and personal interests in the theoretical studies of research in ethics area, the result has shown that the social obligations are most influenced by culture in ethics area andSocial obligations and personal   interests were shown to have been most influenced by cultural engineering techniques.

  The results demonstrated that cultural engineering does have an effect on promoting ethical and moral values .In other words the development of citizen’s  ethics by cultural engineering is considerable.

The main purpose of this research is review and analysis of spatial equilibrium degree in East Azerbaijan urban system based on entropy index and class difference limit model underlying of statistics and information of 6 periods of census.

Method of research performance is the form of quantity-analytical parallel with presenting of practical models. Mentioned statistical society in this research is the cities of case study province that formally enunciate as a city in census.

In 1385 reducing of share of Tabriz population has reached to 58.19 percent. Also share of province great cities population have faced with reduction but because of number of province cities have reached from 39 cities to 57 cities and also the number of small cities and low population have raised more. Therefore because of rising number of small cities the reduction of Tabriz population share comparison with whole of province population renews exaggerate and entropy degree has reduced to .502.

The conclusions of this research reveal that settling of population in centers and city classes have distributed with equilibrium form and concentration process of Tabriz metropolis is streaming with noted speed and have directed city network from semi equilibrium situation to crisis conduction.

Municipalities as one of the most active urban institutions are responsible for widespread functions and services, so that all their financial activities, such as income and costs and their multiple programs and tasks is done in budget framework laws. So budgeting technique has got a very important and vital role in achieving the goals of municipalities. The main goal of this paper is presenting the operational budget strategies to enhance revenue management of Shahdieh Municipality that this goal, has been done by studying the procedures and methods of budgeting of Shahdieh.

our method is "descriptive analysis". For statistical data analysis we have used of t-test, Wilcoxon test and the Friedman statistics.

revenues from general tax of the municipality of Shahdieh from 49.7 percent in 1380 have been decreased to 29.4 percent in 1387. The increasing costs during the current municipal revenues over 1381- 87 with year separation respectively equivalents 24.3 percent, 26.2 percent, 29.8 percent, 28.1 percent, 16.9 percent and 29 percent has continued in distance between 1386- 87.

The results show that the budgeting of municipality of Shahdieh as an important indicator to the performance planning and evaluation capabilities has not been able to help to the urban management. Indeed, division and classification of costs in the current municipality is not a suitable and reliable basis for decision making, planning and control of function. So one of the main reasons for the weakness in budgeting system of municipality of Shahdieh is lack of specialist staffing and experts in budgeting.

High focus of services in large cities led to over population in this cities and in follow of this subject we see emergence of environmental problems like pollution and social crisis. This inequality and the gap caused that urban theorists and managers focus to develop quality of life for communities in rural areas to absorb population and balance the in facilities on areas. One of the approaches for some communities is granting standards and quality of urban life in villages in order to balance between quality of life. This article aim is study the effects Segzabad urbanization on residents to improving life quality, control of irregular migration and optimal management of societies.

Method of This paper is descriptive and analytical. In order to review and analysis Issues was used SPSS software. To measure quality of life associated with the process of urbanization in Sgzabad Village has been analysis eight indicators includes ; environmental quality, education, housing, participation, health care, leisure, transport and personal welfare, residents in the form of 315 collected questionnaires.

The results make these result that urbanization as an independent variable has positive effects on people's living standards in Segzabad city. In fact, for analysis of relationship between quality of life and the urbanization of Sgzabad has been studied 8 index.

Segzabad urbanization are about 50 percent positive effect that led to upgrading the quality of life indicators