نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
سال یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی -1، تابستان 1388)

This study is trying to introduce definitions of transportation and review its history, types of motor vehicles, how to use them, traffic, the root and origin of disadvantages of this problem in the cities in Iran. Afterwards public transportation systems and strategic policies and the advantages of it are overviewed, sustainable cities are defined, sustainable urban development and various aspects of it are considered from a new perspective. Also, with a look at each of the instruments of mass transportation - including bus, train, subway, monorail and tramway – it is tried to review the positive points and disadvantages of each in brief and study the modern transportation systems of the world. Finally, using the above information, conclusion is made and some recommendations are offered.

Rapid growth of cities and their skeletal development has caused various crisis in urban life such as environmental problems and environment quality decline. Meanwhile, exhaustion of some urban textures results in heterogenic social structure and problems in urban construction. The low quality of life in such worn places can create the condition for the social disorder and crime. Improvement and renovation of such texture are in the agenda by organizations and institutions responsible for urban development management. This article reviews various approaches and theories regarding the urban renovation and describes the issues of worn textures and the causes of its emergence. Then it studies Navab project as one of the most important project of urban renovation plans in Iran, reviews the problems of this project and finally, some recommendations are presented to improve and enhance existing environmental quality in this area.

The increasing population growth, along with the industrial development of big cities have brought for various problems for the citizens, among which the noise pollution is considered as the most important one. And now as time passes, its dimensions are more evident and have attracted the attention of the relevant authorities and urban designers. Installation of noise barriers near highways is the most common way to reduce noise pollution. Noise barriers do not often have the necessary efficiency for the societies in which they are expected to work. However, in some cases, with a little accuracy in design, these barriers would have a considerably high efficiency. This paper evaluates different active and passive protection methods to control noise pollution in the highways and studies effective factors used in highways as a passive control method of sound barriers.

Cities are known as the main centers of population gathering and activity of commercial, industrial, cultural, administrative and political sectors. As a result, the hierarchical network of urban centers comprises the main skeleton and framework of spatial organization of country. In order to identify the size of the cities within the context of this network, some researchers such as Averbakh have suggested specific spatial models (Rating - Size Model) that express population size of the cities comparing with the largest cities. But the unbalanced and uncontrollable growth of the large cities and their superiority over other cities, whether at the national level or within the province, have created a phenomenon and the intensification and continuation of this process, gradually leads to the increasing polarization of space and injustice in the country, which results the lack of social and economic development in small and medium cities and areas around them. In a recent century Tehran has been the capital of dominion in the city network. In the next stage, most provincial capitals have established the same relationship with the other cities.  Only some provincial capitals, due to being newly established, their specific spatial location, geographical and historical circumstances have not reached the first urban phenomenon yet, but their current trends and common citizenship patterns can also continue to irrecoverable critical stage.

Concepts, principles and citizenship organizations have developed during the centuries and have a long history. One of the most important duties of social institutions is preparing citizens for participation in their own life affairs as much as possible. In this regard, education of citizens is the kind of training which leads to develop skills and capabilities of the citizens. This paper presents a picture of citizenship education and its necessity to run the city affairs better, explains the role of citizenship education to improve social occasions and its concept in urban life, and states the role of citizenship education in promotion of social occasions. Afterwards, common methods to improve social occasions and the role of cultural organizations and institutions in this regard are introduced, and finally the process of developing education programs to improve social relations is described.

Extensive change in recent decades occurred in urban issues, has made responsible organizations face new practical approaches that have been definite outcome of transformations in their relative position. Understanding this important system and recognizing that urban transportation and traffic (in Tehran), like a live and dynamic organization, does not have a rooted environmental ecological and cultural model, we are providing a professional model to improve this system based on scientific methodology. This model is called « Participatory Management Model for the Quality of Inter-City Transportation Systems » and its structures are formed as a result of eight major factors within eight systems. The most important feature of these factors is the «quality and responding to citizens» is.

The main citizenship effects in the present world are the physical growth and development of cities and the increasing urban population. This phenomenon intensified after the industrial revolution in the West, but after a while, it was controlled by the concerns of the fans of  the environment and rural perspectives; as such, some rules for urban construction and urban planning in European countries, the United States and Japan have been passed, which have made physical and structural development of cities around the rural environment function under some special regulations, so that agricultural lands, forests and other environmental fields to be less invaded by the urban land. While cities in developing countries are passing the fast citizenship period, they accelerate towards the rural and agricultural areas, and farm lands and forest lands are changing to urban areas. Therefore, considering the experiences and findings of the developed countries in this regard is very important.

This study, considering the sustainable human development model and the good discipline and order which is the main purpose of the study, reviews the traffic and its structural problems as a major problem, familiarity with a healthy city and an appropriate model for urban behavior , and  examines the reasons of the relevant irregularities. Afterwards, studying the sociology of learning - including culture, education, training, process and mechanism of sociability, according to the scientific theories and principles, studying the role and status of the family educational (as a main component), preschool, school, guidance school, secondary school and University, non-profit NGOs and media-it searches the principles of learning and correct and timely teaching. Finally, assessing the schools pathway strategy as a sample case, it provides discussion, conclusions and suggestions.