فصلنامه برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
پیاپی 43 (پاییز 1400)

Nature tourism With increasing development, is one of the pillars of the economy and the main sector of investment in the world. Iran, with abundant natural resources, is one of the five countries that have highest environmental and geographical diversity in the world.This study has determined the development model of nature tourism in Iran. The research method in this study is qualitative and a kind of study called Meta Synthesis. Library method has been used to collect data. The study population is all research related to the field of nature tourism, which was conducted between 2000 until 2020 Year that was obtained by searching the databases Scopus, Civilica, SID, IRANDOC, IEEE, ISC, Emerald, Science Direct, as well as Googlescholar. based on the evaluations Among the 1523 identified studies, 7 case of them were evaluated and interpreted. Based on this, 45 reference codes were identified, That whit By combining them, 13 themes are included in the form of 6 main categoriesIncluded: The attractiveness of the tourism region, the participation and cohesion of nature tourism stakeholders, the support of nature tourism governance, cultural factors, nature tourism marketing management and educational-cultural policies have been determined, That presented as a model for the development of nature tourism in Iran. attention to the results and identified factors resulting from this study can be a basis for managers and decision makers in the field of nature tourism in order to plan for the development and expansion of this industry in the country.

The Human Development Index which is a combination Index, is currently one of an important tool in analyzing spatial justice and regional inequality in the national and regional context. The aim of this paper is to investigate and identify the inequality of human development index in the provinces and the related factors. For this, a kind of descriptive-analytical method has been used and the data was collected from the National Population and Housing Census. For data analysis, the Morris model, GIS and SPSS software were respectively used. The results show that three provinces of Tehran, Alborz and Mazandaran are in the highest and three provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, Kurdistan and North Khorasan are at the lowest ranks regarding the human development index, and central and northern provinces have relatively better conditions than the eastern and western provinces. Regarding the factors affecting the human development index show that the percentage of rural population, household size, the dependency burden, the real dependency ratio, and percentage of employment in agriculture with the correlation coefficient of 0.709, 0.740, 0.553, 0.553, 0.505, and 0.599, respectively have a significant negative relationship with the human development index, and indicators of urbanization percentage, employment ratio, economic participation rate, percentage of employees in the industrial sector and the percentage of employees in the service sector with the correlation coefficient of 0.709, 0.407, 0.361, 0.499 and 0.358, respectively have a significant positive relationship with the human development index. indicators of urbanization percentage, employment ratio, economic participation rate, percentage of employees in the industrial sector and the percentage of employees in the service sector with the correlation coefficient of 0.709, 0.407, 0.361, 0.499 and 0.358, respectively have a significant positive relationship with the human development index.

Human development means comprehensive growth and increasing the quality of life indicators of the people of a country. Above all, it is related to the development of human resources, social capital of that country and the use of growth potentials in all its regions. In this descriptive-analytical study, we aim to provide a mathematical-fuzzy model with the ability to provide near-realistic analysis to decision makers in the short term so that they can assert people's rights during large-scale projects. To. According to the East Development Plan, we selected Sistan region, which includes five cities, as a less developed region and its current situation with multi-criteria group decision-making method based on fuzzy sets with interval values: a range of methods Multi-mora and the use of four variables including life expectancy at birth, the length of time expected for children to reach school age, the average length of time spent in education (adults twenty-five years and older) and per capita We compared and ranked the gross national income. Zabol city has the most development and Hirmand city has the least development. Finally, due to the high development capacity of Sistan region, the development of rail transport (north to south corridor), the development of the border strip, high economic capacity between Sistan and Afghanistan and the potential for a dry port and loading and packing center And sending goods, the need to implement the resolutions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran in connection with the creation of a free trade zone in Sistan and the political divisions of Sistan and Baluchestan province is proposed.

Rapid urbanization in Tabriz has a significant impact on the urban thermal environment and these changes have affected the climate, environment and quality of life of residents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urban heat islands (UHI) of Tabriz using spatial autocorrelation methods and its relationship with physical parameters of the surface. NDVI and Split Window algorithms based on TIRS and OLI Sensor of Landsat 8 satellites were used to calculate the vegetation index and land surface temperature; then the relationship between LULC, NDVI and Land Surface Temperature (LST) changes evaluated. Spatial autocorrelation methods Moran's I and Hot Spot were used to identify UHI. The results showed that in the metropolis of Tabriz, there is a significant inverse relationship between α = 0.05 between LST and NDVI. LST minimum and maximum 11.99 to 58.49 Celsius respectively in central and north-west of the city is obtained. Also, the assessment of land surface temperature with LULC has shown that the impervious surface along with the worn-out urban textures are the most important reasons for the intensification of Tabriz urban heat islands. The Moran's I space spatial autocorrelation method showed that the LST of Tabriz has a spatial structure or in other words has a cluster pattern and its value varies between 0.92 and 0.95. The urban heatislands of Tabriz are of the peripheral and triangular type, which increase the intensity and extent of urban heatislands from the center. The largest identified heatisland is located in District 6 of the city. Due to the existence of Tabriz Airport, as well as the existence of barren lands and worn-out urban textures, this area has the maximum land surface temperature (LST).

In the process of tourism development, the structure of good rural governance plays a very important role in creating of effective coordination and interaction in various sectors which are active in tourism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of good governance in sustainable rural tourism development. In order to study the good governance in the villages of the region, first, one sample t-test was used to test the extent of each of the nine indicators of good rural governance and finally, by combining them, the overall situation of the villages was analyzed. Pearson correlation test was used to find out the relationship between good rural governance and sustainable rural tourism which Pearson correlation coefficient (0.955) indicates a direct, positive and highly significant relationship. The results of the VIKOR model (ranking of villages in terms of sustainability) and the COPRAS model (ranking of villages based on good governance indices) are completely consistent. The villages of Lasjerd and Biabank rank first in terms of good governance indicators and sustainability indicators. In order to test hypotheses and measure sustainability indicators of rural tourism development in Sorkheh Township, at first, the degree of sustainability of each of the environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimensions were tested by using one-sample t-test. The average status of environmental (0.457), socio-cultural (1.039) and economic (0.652) indicators indicates the stability of these indices. Then Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation that there is a direct, positive and strong relationship between the variables of rural governance (total) and the variables of economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability and environmental sustainability.

Gachsaran urban and rural settlements Due Put on Active and passive fault belt and also Having Seismic points, Has caused One of the most important areas of risk for earthquakes in the province. The aim of the present study, Gachsaran city zoning and Vulnerability Assessment is the danger of earthquakes. Based on studies,Gachsaran city has many points of seismicity is concentrated in the northwest and With 69 km fault is active That kind of thrust and thrust fault is active.The aim of the present study, Gachsaran city zoning and Vulnerability Assessment is the danger of earthquakes. Based on studies,Gachsaran city has many points of seismicity is concentrated in the northwest and Has 69 active fault That kind of thrust and thrust fault is active. The results show An area of 3036 square kilometers of the city of Gachsaran, 07/812 km, It has a very high seismic risk, 15/815 square kilometers of the city of Gachsaran a risk of high seismicity, 97/780 square kilometers of seismic risk average, 78/441 square kilometers, equivalent to 55/14 percent The whole city has a low seismic risk Also 11/186 km of the city without the risk of earthquakes. Also Dogonbadan of earthquake risk zone is very high which can be dangerous and problematic. The spatial analysis of earthquake In rural and village settlements Shows that 29/42% of the villages and towns of the city, in areas with very high risk of earthquake, 17/28% in the high risk zone average, 36/2 percent and 45/9 percent in areas without risk of hazard earthquakes are low The strategic evaluation of internal and external factors show that a total of weaknesses 491/0 rated weight and the proposed strategy of the techniques S-HP, WT defensive strategy is 912/0 by weight.

Throughout history, what has led to great strides toward success and positive change in human lifestyle has been derived from the evolved idea of creativity. Creativity plays an essential role in all aspects of human life and affects it. Urban spaces as a meeting place of social, economic, cultural and political forces, etc. have a special place in the emergence of creativity. Creative urban spaces bring vitality, dynamism, vitality, population to the urban environment and are the basis for creativity and innovation. How creative urban spaces are spaces and design features and components; What are the effects of designing such spaces? The main issue is the present study. In this regard, Ahvaz metropolis and urban spaces were selected as a case study. The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study was selected from 100 specialists, experts and pundits in the field of urban studies who are fully acquainted with the city of Ahvaz and are providing services in this city. Stratified and purposeful sampling method was used to distribute the research questionnaires. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.974 and was evaluated at an excellent level. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and factor analysis model and Bartlett sample adequacy test. Findings show that 9 factors alone can explain up to 74% of the total variance. Among the identified factors, including emphasis on the identity of social capital and cultural planning in design, emphasis on natural and cultural features in order to stimulate creativity and emphasis on symbolism with a focus on social discourse alone amounting to 49% of the total variance of design factors Explain the effect of spatial creativity.

Decent Work is one of the key factors in achieving sustainable development at the national and regional levels, and its implementation will have desirable consequences, but so far decent work in our country has remained only at the level of political discourse and announcement. Therefore, due to the increasing importance of decent work and its lack of real implementation in Iran, it seems necessary to identify the barriers that are in the way of its implementation. Hence, the main aim of this study is to help achieve sustainable regional development by identify and prioritize the barriers to the implementation of decent work in Yazd province. In this regard, based on trilateralism, 45 (n = 45) employers, workers' representatives and government representatives were Judgmental selected as statistical samples. In order to data gathering, in the first step, barriers to the decent work were identified based on library studies and in-depth initial interviews. In the second step, though, using the Delphi-Fuzzy method and the opinion of some of the experts in the industry sector, the identified barriers in the first step were analyzed and summarized. Finally, in the third step, with using the Fuzzy Best-Worst method, the barriers to decent work were prioritized and finalized. The final results and conclusions of this study indicate that the lack of trust atmosphere in dialogues with definite weight of 0.1999, budgetary problems with definite weight of 0.2840, government-owned structure industry with definite weight of 0.2755 and distrust of other members with definite weight of 0.2766, were the most difficult barriers in the implementation of decent work and, consequently, sustainable development in Yazd province.

The profitability of the coastal tourism industry has led to growing global investment in this field, ultimately threatening the sustainability of coastal areas. In Iran, in order to get rid of the oil-dependent economy, recently invested in this field has increased, so it's necessary to address the sustainability of coastal areas. The main purpose of this study was to provide strategic planning to achieve the goals of coastal tourism with an emphasis on the sustainability of environmental resources in Bushehr province. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected using field methods such as observation and questionnaire. In order to analyze the results, the Fuller triangle method has been used to weighting resources and capabilities, the Meta-SWOT has been used to prepare competitive and strategic maps, and also factor analysis has been used to determine the factors affecting on sustainable development of coastal tourism. According to the results of the Fuller Triangle, the existence of the road and multiple islands with potential tourism attracting have the most and the homogeneity of the inhabitants are of the least importance. According to the competitive map, Bushehr has the best tourist attractions in terms of tourism infrastructure and Dayyer coastal city in terms of tourism attraction potentials. According to the strategic map, the existence of multiple islands with tourism potential in the Dayyer coastal city has a more strategic fit with the goals. According to the results of factor analysis, the factor of constraints with a specific value of 3.88 and explaining 21.5% of the total variance of the factors have the greatest impact on achieving sustainable coastal tourism goals

Easy access to goods and services is one of the most important issues in planning. This will lead to a hierarchy of settlements in the context of national, regional and district planning. Since the central region of ​​Iran is very large, the issue of balance in the hierarchy between the settlements of this region is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the changes in the settlement system of the central region of Iran between 1956-2016. The research method is descriptive-analytics using a number of urban and regional planning models. In this research we use urban primacy index, 2-city primacy index, 4-city primacy index or Ginsberg index, Mehta's four city primacy index, Moomav and Alwosabi index, entropy index, Henderson decentralization index, Herfindahl concentration index, Elshakhas index and zipf coefficient to investigate settlement system of central region of Iran. Findings show that the settlement system of the central region of Iran has shifted towards imbalance until 1976 and then to balance until 1996 and from 1996 to 2016 towards imbalance. Also central region of Iran has been facing the Urban Primacy phenomenon and Isfahan metropolis dominates the whole system, but from 1996, indicators indicate formation of a new metropolis of Yazd in this region. In order to improve the balance status of the settlement system of the central region of Iran, decentralization of the metropolitan area of ​​Isfahan with respect to the principles of land preparation and equitable distribution of facilities in small and medium cities is necessary.

The present economic future of the world is intertwined with the knowledge-based economy in the metropolis of the world, as the key places of development, the increasing competition for the absorption and development of knowledge-based activities and the enhancement of its competitive advantage at the macro level. Today's cities are the key to unlocking management difficulties, the vocabulary of knowledge and research. Meanwhile, Tehran's metropolitan area, with its long history of capital in recent decades, has provided a good base for establishing knowledge-based companies in its area, but according to available evidence, these companies have not been planned as planned at city level. Is. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the distribution system of knowledge based companies in 22 regions of Tehran. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Shannon entropy weighting model and Vikor technique were used for data analysis and Moran's spatial correlation method in ARC GIS software environment was used. The results of this study showed that in terms of accumulation and enjoyment of knowledge-based companies, Area 3 with VICOR (0) in the first place and Region 6 with VICOR (0.012) and 2 with Vikor (0.410). It is ranked second and third, respectively. In contrast, areas 13 with Vikor (0.9991), 17 with Vikor (0.9995) and Area 19 with Vikor (1) were ranked 20, 21 and 22, respectively. Other results also show that most companies are concentrated in the city core, and the distribution of knowledge-based firms across regions is based on the pattern of deploying advanced infrastructure and services across the city, in a cluster-oriented manner. It is central to the central and northern regions.

Rural designers have improved biological conditions through well-designed programs and actions to transform the rural environment and, in some cases, the rehabilitation of parts of these spaces in order to develop a sustainable and sustainable development in all parts of the country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the Hadi plan on the rural housing component and the environmental status of the village as well as the satisfaction of the people in implementing the guideline of villages in the central district of Jiroft city. This research is a descriptive-analytic type based on the nature of the purpose and the method is descriptive-analytic. After initial sampling in 30 samples, the variance of the satisfaction attribute was obtained to be 185. 0, which, after placing in the formula and performing calculations, ultimately 135 households were selected as sample size. To process the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as two-dimensional cross-analysis of Wallis test as well as TOPSIS ranking method have been used The results of the research indicate that: among the implementing variables of the Hadi plan, the level of people's satisfaction with the housing and environmental components has been higher than the average. Also, with 99% confidence, the level of people's satisfaction in the studied villages will be significantly different from each other Therefore, the implementation of the master plan of the sample villages in the field of improving the housing situation, environment and rural life has been successful and has been able to provide relative satisfaction to the villagers. Therefore, the implementation of the master plan of the sample villages in the field of improving the housing situation, environment and rural life has been successful and has been able to provide relative satisfaction to the villagers. Also, the results of the ranking of sample villages on the basis of the model used indicate the highest impact of the implementation of the guideline in the populated villages that have a long history of conducting their conducting plan Like Aliabad, Hawkard has been.

In recent years, across the city of Chabahar, we have witnessed and implemented various types of projects, many of which have been without the need for ecological and ecological capability of the area, which has created environmental crises at the coastal level, within The city has been.The assessment of ecological capability, in the sense of "measuring the potential of the land by specific criteria", has been considered as the most important tool and factor for achieving sustainable development. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the status of Chabahar urban areas in terms of ecological criteria. The present study is a descriptive-analytic one in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included residents of Chabahar city (106.739) according to the 2016 census. The data collection tool was a 35-item questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by several experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.83.For spatial analysis and spatial analysis of research findings, ARC GIS SPSS and MATLAB software and Mamdani Fuzzy and VIKOR Fuzzy models were used. The results indicated that, in the four districts of Chabahar, the current ecological situation was in a relatively moderate position, with a large number of principles being considered. This value for area 1 is 0.71, which is the average level, for area 2 is 0.64 which indicates a low level of development, for area 3 is 0.54 which indicates a low level of development. The data for area 4 is equal to 0.79, which indicates a high level. Accordingly, Area 4 is in the best condition, and Area 3 is in the worst situation.