فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 67، تابستان 1400)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and social resilience of women affected by floods in Delgan. The statistical population of the study was all urban and rural women over 15 years old affected by the flood of 2020 in Delgan city, whose number was estimated at 34,280 people. The statistical sample of the research was 256 women and the sampling was done by simple random sampling. Data collection tools included a Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis method in AMOS software. The results showed that there was a direct relationship between family support and resilience. There was also an inverse relationship between friends support with resilience (Positive acceptance of change and safe relationships and Spiritual Influences) and Significant others' support with resilience (Personal competence, Self-Control and spiritual influences) of women affected by flood. On the other hand, there was a direct relationship between the Significant Others' support and resilience (Positive acceptance of change and safe). Overall, the results showed a positive relationship between social support and resilience of flood-affected women.

Superstition and superstitious beliefs are among the important concerns today to the extent that they could be considered social and cultural issues as they can influence human social life. This study examined the socio-cultural factors influencing the tendency towards superstition among women living in the slums of Yazd, Iran. The study was designed as survey research and the data was collected using a questionnaire with cluster sampling among 246 women living in the slums of Yazd. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability. The findings of the study indicated that the variables of marital and employment status and social security had no significant relation with the tendency of participants towards superstition. However, the variables including age, socio-economic status, modernism, alienation, life satisfaction, social learning, social exclusion, and the use of mass media had a significant relation with the tendency towards superstition. The results of multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant relation of four variables of life satisfaction, social learning, modernism, and the use of mass media among which mass media had the strongest role in explaining the variable of the tendency towards superstition.

The association between depression symptoms and psychological well-being has received both theoretical and empirical support, however, less is known about the moderating mechanisms in this relationship. The current study aimed to explore the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychological well-being. The research method was descriptive – correlational. The statistical population was widowed women who referred to the East Tehran Welfare Organization in 2019, and a total of 130 women were selected via a simple accidental sampling method. Psychological Well-being Scale (PWS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to collect the data. Collected data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression. Results showed that the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychological well-being (r= -0.54, p<0.001) was significantly negative. Also, results of hierarchical regression confirmed the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychological well-being (β= -0.23, p<0.01). The present study highlights the moderating role of self-compassion as an underlying mechanism between depression symptoms and psychological well-being. Therefore, increasing self-compassion in widowed women could be a good way to protect them in the face of adversity and suffering in life.

This study aimed to investigate social and cultural factors affecting students’ attitudes toward violence against women. This study was conducted using a survey method among 400 male students of public universities in Mazandaran province who were selected based on stratified probabilistic sampling method and using theories of Liberal Feminism and Social Learning. The results revealed that the majority of participants (72/5%) had a negative, more than 26% of them had a medium, and more than 1% of them had a positive attitude toward violence against women. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis show that the independent variables of perceived norm qualities of significant others, traditional attitudes towards women, perceived reaction qualities of significant others, perceived rewards, and traditional marital role expectations, respectively have the greatest impact on the dependent variable. In general, the results confirm the propositions of the theories of liberal feminism and social learning and they show that the issue of violence against women and the attitudes toward it, is not inevitable, rather it is created under the influence of the structure and ideology that governs society and the social ties of the individual with those around him and the rewards and punishments he receives during his actions.

Systematic review of related studies indicates that various factors affect the explanation of self-injury individuals and self-injury behaviors have become common. So, it is important to investigate the constructs related to self-injury behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to model a structural equation to explain non-suicidal self-injury behaviors based on moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences with the mediating role of psychological hardiness and attachment style. The design of the present study was applied and correlational research by structural equation modelling. Among undergraduate and graduate students of Tehran universities, 529 people (411 girls and 118 boys) were selected by convenience sampling method. They all completed questionnaires on self-harm, moral perfectionism, traumatic experiences, attachment style, and psychological hardiness. Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that all four variables of moral perfectionism, traumatic experiences, psychological hardiness and attachment style had a direct and significant effect on self-injury behaviors. Also, the two variables of moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences have had indirect and significant effects on self-injury behaviors due to the variables of psychological hardiness and attachment style. In addition, moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences had a direct and significant effect on psychological hardiness and attachment style (p <0.01). Finally, the results of this study show that because each person's personality is affected by his family environment and also individual differences are affected by attachment style, on the other hand, psychological hardiness as a personality trait and moral perfectionism as moral virtues. Valuable causes people to resist psychological pressures, including self-injury, and as a result, can guarantee the health of body and soul. Therefore, psychologists, counsellors and other professionals can use this model to improve self-injury behaviors.

self-objectification is one of the women issues that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In the present study, using the theory of McKinley and Hyde (1996) and a quantitative survey method, the relationship between the impact of cosmetics advertising and self-objectification in women aged 18 to 35 years in Tehran has been investigated. In order to collect data, a questionnaire consisting of Kwan, Ahmad and Ahmad (2019) questionnaire and McKinley and Hyde (1996) questionnaire was used to measure the effectiveness of cosmetics advertising and was used to self-objectification, respectively. The statistical sample was determined 270 people using “SPSS Sample Power” software and the convenience sampling method was used. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test, simple regression coefficient and also Hayes Process model (to measure the effect of moderator variables) were used. The results of data analysis show that the effect of cosmetics advertising variable is considered as a suitable or moderate level predictor variable for the self-objectification variable and its two components of body surveillance and body shame. The coefficient of correlation was determined at 0.50, 0.54 and 0.48, respectively. This coefficient is negative and significant for the component of body control belief and is equal to 0.18. The variables of mother education and socio-economic status have a moderating role in the relationship between the two main variables of research.