Journal of Composites and Compounds
Volume:4 Issue: 10, Mar 2022

MgO/CNTs nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple strategy and used for modification of paste electrode. The paraffin oil (PI) and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate (BMMS) were used as binders for fabrication of MgO/CNTs/PI/BMMS/PE. The results confirm the 9% w:w of MgO/CNTs showed high catalytic activity on nalbuphine signal and this value was used as optimum condition for fabrication of sensor. The MgO/CNTs/PI/BMMS/PE introduce as new analytical sensor for determination of nalbuphine in the concentration range 1.0 nM – 400 μM with detection limit 0.5 nM. In final step, the MgO/CNTs/PI/BMMS/PE was used for monitoring of nalbuphine in injection and serum samples with acceptable recovery data.©2022 JCC Research Group.

In this study, for the first time, electrospinning of polyhydroxybutyrate/starch was done and optimized to produce uniform-size and bead-free nanofibers following Taguchi methodology. The main parameters such as solvent type, applied voltage, flow rate and rotating speed play an essential role in the characteristics of the nanofibrous mor-phologies. It found out from the main effects that the solvent type (chloroform/dimethylformamide, trifluoroacetic acid) is the most effective factor in the diameter and quality of the fibers. A scanning electron microscope assessed the structure and the average diameter of the fibers. The results indicated that all scaffolds have three-dimensional structures with interconnected porosity. The optimum levels of factors were determined as follows: 18kV of voltage, 0.75 μL/h of flow rate, 15 cm of distance, and TFA as solvent in order to obtain the thinnest bead-free nanofibers.

Skin tissue engineering and wound healing are two applications where conductive biomaterials based on metal compounds, conductive polymers, or piezoelectric polymers have great potential. This is because of their excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activities, similar conductivity to human skin, photothermal effect, and electrically controlled drug delivery. Wound healing can be accelerated by using conductive materials to stimulate the activity of electrically responsive cells. Electroactive wound dressings can be made by combining non-conductive poly-mers with conductive compounds, and this article focuses on current developments in this area. It is detailed how these electroactive dressings (conductive polymers, metal-based, and piezoelectric-based dressings) accelerate the healing process, and the properties of these electroactive dressings are examined. Furthermore, electrical stimu-lation techniques for accelerating wound healing are discussed. The possibility for electroactive wound dressings to be used in vivo to track the progress of wound healing is also mentioned, as are future development directions.©2022 JCC Research Group.

Early detection of neurodegeneration-related disorders that emerge as people age, is critical for both the disease's treatment and the patient's living conditions. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's illnesses are two well-known instances of neurodegeneration, which are characterized by nerve cell death and dementia. The fact is that some illnesses are only diagnosed clinically after symptoms develop hinders therapy. The biomarkers detection, which are unique chemicals found in bodily fluids and are implicated in neurodegenerative processes, may assist in the early detec-tion of neurodegenerative illnesses. Recent years have seen a surge in interest in biosensor research, with the goal of detecting possible biomarkers of the neurodegenerative process with great precision. Biosensors' main purpose is to identify a specific material with high specificity. This manuscript reviews neuro-biosensors for the prognosis of neurodegenerative illnesses like Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as a summary of the field's urgent needs, highlighting the critical importance of early detection along the neurodegeneration pathway in general. This study examines biosensor systems designed to identify biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on the last five years.

To date, there is no effective treatment for central or peripheral nervous system damage, which results in cognitive and/or sensory impairment. After a brain injury, tissue engineering can provide a scaffold for either transplanted or native cells. With the recent focus on stimuli sensitive scaffolds, sometimes referred to as smart scaffolds, tissue engineering is highly dependent on scaffolds for supporting cell differentiation and growth. Piezoelectric scaffolds are a representative of this class of materials because they can generate electrical charges when mechanically stim-ulated, creating a prospect their possible use in non-invasive therapy for neural tissue. Research on piezoelectric materials that can be utilized to enhance brain tissue engineering is summarized in this study. The most common employed materials for tissue engineering strategies are discussed, as well as the most significant accomplish-ments, difficulties, and unmet research and treatment needs that will be needed in the future. As a result, this study compiles the most relevant findings and strategies, and it serves as a starting point for new research in the most relevant and difficult open issues.

Bacterial infection is one of the main reasons for the long-term failure of orthopedic implants. Despite remarkable progression in antimicrobial drugs, implant-associated infection (IAI) remains difficult to treat, which is resulted from bacterial resistance against antibiotics. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop alternative approaches. The present review highlights surface modification of the orthopedic implants as a promising approach to inhibit bacterial infection. This approach can be classified into two groups: (1) bacteriostatic (anti-adhesive), and (2) bac-tericidal (contact-killing/release-killing) surfaces. Their combination, which is considered as bacteriostatic-bac-tericidal bi-functional surface, can provide a more robust approach against dangerous pathogenic species. New approaches and future perspectives in this inspiring field are also provided.

Bone cement is one of the most crucial materials for the substitution of damaged bones. Polymer or ceramic can be used as cement materials. Systemic drug delivery to the bone is difficult since human bone lacks blood arteries. Bone cement can carry drugs directly to the bone without causing adverse effects on healthy tissues, so it is a good choice for targeted drug delivery. Growth factors and also anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, and antibiotic reagents are just a few of the medicinal chemicals that may be added into bone cement for various treatment tech-niques. Our goal in this review is to introduce diverse bone cements, drug loading mechanisms in bone cements, and ultimately their clinical applications in dental potentials, inflammation therapy, bone infection, treatment of osteoporosis, coating of implants, and cancer therapy.