فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1400)

Although the analysis of paths and factors of countries development has always been a field of interest for researchersAlthough the analysis of the causes, factors and  features of the countries’ development pathways has always been a field of interest for researchers, only in recent years, researchers have sought to quantify the distinctive attributes of national development pathways. One of the innovative approaches developed to this end, is entitled “Economic Complexity Atlas”. Based on the assumption that most of the developed countries have pursuit the pathway of related diversification for economic growth, that is, moving towards industries similar to their existing industries, it maintains that, there are a few countries which have taken advantage of unrelated diversity for their development. The question is what has been the development path of Iran? Using related or unrelated diversification? To answer these questions, the present article examines 92 countries and 727 products from 1962 to 2016, to, identify, first, the unrelated development paths of the countries and second, through analytical comparison, to gain a better understanding of the path pursued by Iran. The results showed that the focus on industries such as the oil and mining industry, which is one of the primary industries on the one hand, and the small number of unrelated products on the other hand, has caused Iran to be trapped in the industries that rely mainly on natural resources; therefore, it cannot move toward the path with more diverse products.

Rapid changes in technology have affected customer expectations. The environment is volatile. The main problem of organizations is to formulate a strategy that can maximize the customers’satisfaction in various future scenarios through optimal resource management. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for developing a robust strategy for designing banking services in conditions of uncertainty. The paper selects one of the Iranian banks as its case study. By implementing a mixed research methodology, first, it identified the reduction of the number of branches and the upgrading of the infrastructure as two robust strategies and then, it pinpoints the goals and constraints by mathematical modeling. In the conclusion, the optimal amount of branches and budget are determined.

Implementing an open innovation process in firms requires a capable entrepreneurial team because of its various problems and challenges. However, there has been little research on the impact of entrepreneurial teams on open innovation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of personal and social characteristics of the entrepreneurship team on open innovation in Tehran information technology firms. In this quantitative research, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the literature review has been used for the analysis of the variables. The statistical population of the study was 3616 information technology firms in Tehran (10848 people in the form of entrepreneurial teams with an average of 3 people) of which 375 were selected as the sample. Findings showed that the personal and social characteristics of the entrepreneurial team have a significant and positive effect on open innovation. Entrepreneurial motivations have a mediating role in the relationship between personal and social characteristics of the entrepreneurship and open innovation team. Entrepreneurial motivation also moderates the relationship between the personal characteristics of the entrepreneurial team and open innovation, but it does not moderate the relationship between the social characteristics of the entrepreneurial team and open innovation.

The expansion of research partnerships between industry, government and university has resulted in some challenges about intellectual property due to different participants with diverse natures, interests and motivations. Especially in the case of publicly funded projects, existence of a framework for intellectual property policy becomes doubly important. In this research, we attempt to design a framework for intellectual property policy in such projects using grounded theory method. For this purpose, we reviewed related scientific sources and conducted interviews with experts with relevant knowledge and experience to obtain theoretical saturation. The proposed framework has four main dimensions: "contextual factors", "objectives and expected outcomes", "policy process" and "policy content", 13 factors and 42 components. Based on the results, to adopt an appropriate intellectual property policy for collaborative research, the characteristics and conditions of the project and its stakeholders as contextual factors and the expected consequences in the short, medium and long term, should be considered. Depending on the characteristics and nature of the project and its stakeholders, different consequences are expected from the policy. Also, the development, implementation and evaluation of this policy are affected by contextual factors and its expected consequences and can affect the content of the policy.

Technological catch-up has become an important topic in studies of technology development in recent years. The common point of all research is that catch-up is directly related to knowledge and its flow and building capacity and accumulation of technological capabilities of countries.It is noteworthy that in most studies, there is a dual foreign-indigenous knowledge, and studies that have examined the simultaneous and complementary role of these two types of knowledge in catch-up are limited. In this study, the role of knowledge flow in the field of solar technologies due to its strategic importance of it and also the linear mode of innovation in it was investigated. This research was conducted using the method of citation analysis and on the metadata of the Derwent database (1980-2017).The results showed that successful countries were initially able to increase absorption capacity by using foreign knowledge. They then relied more on their indigenous knowledge and eventually, in addition to providing knowledge for themselves, became a source of technological knowledge for other countries. In addition to acquiring foreign knowledge, successful countries were also able to develop it and create knowledge that is used by other countries, and thus find the main mediating role of knowledge diffusion.

In the utilization of high science and technology for architectural heritage conservation, the comparison of Iran with developed countries indicates a considerable gap, and despite relative progress during recent decades in this field in the country, the level of architectural conservation technology is still in the gap between tradition and industry. Therefore, the research problem is the lack of successful use of new technology in conserving Iranian architectural heritage. The present research aims to examine the roots of this underdevelopment and search for effective strategies to improve the current situation. In this qualitative paper, which is done mainly based on the analysis of interviews, in the first stage evaluations, it was revealed that the weakness of any managerial rank in the area being discussed impacts the intensity of the problems of the higher position. This process hierarchically deprives senior managers of the motivation to support their internal capabilities and has resulted in the country's dependence on technology-innovating societies. In the next stage, it was found that the hierarchical weakening of problems provides proper ground for senior managers to support internal abilities. This support has resulted in the improvement of the country's conservation technology. So, in an era in which the technological development is the most significant indicator of power in the relationships among societies, this issue will weaken the colonialism in this field.