نشریه جغرافیدانان
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1400)

Due to the growing trend of urban population all around the world, especially in developing countries, in the immediate future we will face a predominantly urban world that to meet their needs, urban land will be exploited beyond Its threshold of ecology and people will demand their needs from city officials and managers as a result. The theory of smart city, which was formed based on the answer to the many problems of urban dwellers in the 90s, presented the issues of sustainability such as mixed land use, easy accessibility, preservation of the natural environment, etc. in the field of urban planning and urbanism. This theory demonstrated the points that while supporting modern urban life, can solve its problems in the form of following and implementing new urban planning techniques in the heart of existing cities and in contrast to urban sprawl.

Aims and Objective:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of smartening on the sustainability of Nowshahr as one of the small cities in Iran.

the present study is of the type of applied research. Questionnaire, interview and field observation tools were used to collect information. Using a questionnaire, 383 citizens participated and the findings of this section using statistical techniques, factor analysis and one-sample t-test and coefficient Pearson correlation was analyzed in SPSS software.

In examining the correlation coefficient between intelligence and sustainability, it is found that there is a direct and strong correlation between these two variables in Nowshahr. The results of the one-sample t-test show that the status of intelligent variables in Nowshahr is not in a good position with a stability approach. The results of factor analysis have shown that among the six indicators of smartening, "smart governance" with a factor load of 0.853 has the highest priority in the eyes of experts and specialists in smartening Nowshahr with a sustainable approach. "Smart people" with a factor load of 0.847 and "smart environment" with a factor load of 0.836 have the highest importance in terms of average factor load. In order to develop the level of smartness and sustainability in Nowshahr, a strategy can be developed by urban management along with local sustainability indicators in order to improve the level of services to citizens.

The emergence of different schools of thought and terms such as ecocity and green urbanism are examples of efforts to improve the urban environment in response to urban sprawl and the resulting problems. Green roofs are one of the new solutions in urban planning and urban studies to maximize the use of surfaces with the aim of reducing the adverse effects of the environment in cities.

Aims and Objective:

The purpose of this study is to identify the role and impact of green roofs and green walls in increasing the quality of urban environment in Mashhad city.

This research is of applied type and is done through descriptive-analytical method. The number of questionnaires in this study was 42 in the Delphi group, which was analyzed based on hierarchical analysis. 

The results of this study show that three indicators of physical factors, aesthetic factors and environmental factors are among the most important parameters in improving the urban environment, and among these factors the increase in per capita urban green space and development of green buildings with a coefficient of importance of 5.7 and 4.6 percent in the environmental criteria, respectively, have the highest rank in improving the quality of the urban environment in Mashhad. The results of the research indicate that with the construction of green roofs and green buildings, we can see a significant improvement in the quality of the urban environment.

Tourism is one of the top industries and income-generating and employment-generating activities in the world and accurate market identification is the key to its development. Although tourism is an international activity, many individuals and organizations in the local or national market are employed in this sector, and as a result, "domestic tourism" has a huge place in the national economic cycle.

Aims and Objective:

In this study, statistical analysis of domestic tourism in Iran and its flows and destinations is studied.

The information of the national tourist survey plan for different years provided by the Statistics Center of Iran, changes in the number of trips and its characteristics collected. To describe the current situation and observe the trend of changes, descriptive statistics, growth rate and trend line charts were used and to predict the number of domestic trips and expenditures and changes in the main destinations of travel, different time series models were used.

The results show that the general trend of domestic tourism in Iran has a positive growth with a gentle slope. Tourism costs are rising steeply and the choice of major travel destinations has changed significantly in recent years. In general, the predominant pattern of domestic tourism is traveling with family, staying at the home of friends and relatives, using a personal vehicle, and being motivated to visit friends and relatives. The highest costs were in the transportation and food sectors, which will not change in the near future. Although the most important tourist destinations have been reported in Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran, Gilan, Tehran and Fars provinces, certain changes have been observed in the choice of destinations by tourists, which can be considered as new destinations such as: Sistan and Baluchestan, Ilam, Bushehr, Yazd and Kerman provinces.

Skills training plays an important role in the formation of human capital in different countries. In Iran, one of the necessities and requirements for the growth and development of skills training is necessary for human capital, which is usually done through technical and vocational training centers.

Aims and Objectives:

The Iranians' leader's emphasis on "developing technical skills and continuing innovation and initiative" shows the importance of this issue, therefore special attention should be paid on this issue. These trainings can increase the skills of villagers, which results in better use of existing economic resources, as well as creating new job opportunities and entrepreneurship among rural residents, which in addition to the economic development of villages leads to the realization of a resilient economy. Present study is to examine the effects of rural labor skills training on the economic development of these areas as well as the realization of a resistance economy.

This paper is applied research and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The sample size was estimated based on Cochran's formula (175 people) and SPSS software was used to analyze the data and Friedman test was used to prove the hypotheses.

The research findings show that skills training has a positive and effective effect on increasing new job opportunities and reducing the unemployment rate, as well as creating new sources of income in rural areas.

Today, the participation of people and citizens is a debate, but unfortunately, the position of the citizen and their participation in urban affairs, directly or indirectly, which affects life and destiny, is not given much importance in research. One of the main obstacles in urban development plans is neglecting the participation and contribution of local people and institutions. Such a situation causes citizens to feel less spiritual belonged to their city and its management, and not only they are not encouraged in the implementation of development plans, but consider the plans as an invasive element their personal property. Today, one of the most important issues in urban planning is Urban decay. Urban decay is sometimes urban fabric with a rich identity and associated with a high sense of belonging of residents, so it is important and necessary to involve the opinions of residents in the preparation of relevant plans.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of this project is to identify the challenges and problems of people in Abkooh neighborhood in Mashhad that is considered as urban decay.

The research method is descriptive. The data is collected by desktop research and communicating with people which is the most appropriate way to collect data related to the case study. Therefore, a questionnaire and interview are used. SWOT and QSPM techniques are used to analyze the data and GIS software is used to generate the map.  

According to the SWOT technique, there are more internal weaknesses and more external opportunities in Abkooh neighborhood. According to Driskel theory, the level of people's participation is so limited. The most important problems and challenges of public participation are: changing the management system, changing approaches and views to approved plans, lack of people's comments and suggestions and the lack of non-governmental organizations.

Improving the quality of life in any society is one of the most important goals of urban planning policies. The most important factor that should be considered in evaluating cities and urban environments is the quality of public spaces because public spaces are the basis of Citizens' social interactions and demonstrates the cities' culture and identity. Today, we are witnessing an abnormal phenomenon called informal settlement, which is due to the lack of meeting the housing needs and shelter of the low-income groups and urban infrastructure facilities are in poor condition. The historic city of Toos is an example of this situation.

Aims and Objectives:

The present study seeks to evaluate the public spaces of Toos city using environmental quality criteria.

The research method in this research is descriptive; The volume of the statistical population is 313 people, which is calculated using the Cochran's formula and the information is obtained through questionnaires and field surveys, then the data is analyzed through AHP and SWOT techniques.

Findings and Results:

based on the results, the components of sense of place and urban form have been analyzed by AHP method. To determine the coefficient of importance (weight), the criteria have been compared in pairs and a 6 * 6 matrix has been recorded. After determining the importance factor of the criteria and the importance factor of the options, the sequences are prioritized. To examine the sense of place component, the keywords of memory, identity, security, beauty, order and diversity are effective factors on the sense of place. In order to improve the quality of Toos' urban spaces based on the components of sense of place and urban form and to study urban issues and problems, strategies are proposed.