فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 69، زمستان 1400)

Over two past decades, the prevalence of overweight and fatness in most developing and developed countries has increased, significantly. The current study aimed to investigate overweight and fatness in the system of meanings of women in the bodybuilding clubs of Shiraz. And for this purpose. The grounded theory has been used as one of the qualitative research methods. The participants were women who attended bodybuilding clubs in Shiraz for Wight loss. Overall, in the current study 12 participants have been selected and interviewed. Data analysis was performed using open, axial and selective coding. The result of analyzing was access to seven axial categories and one core category. Axial categories are fluid reading of overweight and fatness, the plurality of beliefs and opinions about body size and attractiveness, having dreamy images about the ideal body, social and cultural conceptuality of the body, and social perception of the otherness, body fitness medicalization. In addition, the core category is a pluralistic narrative of the ideal body. The emergence of this phenomenon has brought some consequences such as duality, ambiguity and plurality.

The longevity and health of the family system require tolerant behaviour on the part of the spouses. Numerous factors affect tolerance in married life. Considering that women are more empowered than in the past and the knowledge gap in recognizing the relationship between empowerment and peace and tolerance in married life, this study has assessed the relationship between women's empowerment and marital tolerance. Using the survey method, a sample of 384 married women living in three districts 2, 8 and 19 of Tehran were selected and studied in a cluster. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the independent variable (women's empowerment) and the dependent variable (marital tolerance). Also, the existence of the communication skills variable as one of the intermediate variables has a significant relationship with the dependent and independent variables. This means that the more empowered women are, the more communication skills they have and as a result, they can be more tolerant in married life. Tolerance in married life is also affected by the social and economic status of the family. On the other hand, marital tolerance means accepting the differences in the couple's relationship with women's age and duration of marriage has an inverse and significant relationship and is more in early marriage.

So far, most previous studies in Iran have considered women without economic and cultural capital as women without power in the family. These studies have paid less attention to other women's capital such as "Emotional Capital". In this study, we seek to answer the question of how women use their emotional capital as a tool of power in the family? In this regard, 36 married women were interviewed in Tehran, Iran. The research findings showed that emotional capital is not the cause of women's subjugation but the tool of their power in the family. In this regard, women use various strategies such as "Emotional Blackmail", "Victimization", "Shaming" and "Alliance with Children" to counter the power of men in the family. Through emotional capital, they control male dominance and balance the Relation of power in the family. These indicate that the sources of women's power in the family are numerous. These resources go beyond the economic and cultural capital that has been explored by various studies.

The purpose of the current research was the study the relationship between marital satisfaction and perceived social support of spouse with life satisfaction in married women with the moderating role of the occupation and perceived socioeconomic status. This cross-sectional research was descriptive-correlational with the approach of structural equation modelling. The study society included married women of Urmia, 452 people were selected in a non-random purposive sampling method. To gather data, demographic, Diener life satisfaction (1985), Kansas marital satisfaction (1983), and Zimet et al (1988) multidimensional scale of perceived social support were used in an online form. Data was analysed through structural equation modelling and by smart PLS software. The results revealed a significant direct effect of marital satisfaction (β=0.588, t=12.734), perceived social support of spouse (β=0.179, t=2.449) and perceived socioeconomic status (β=0.199, t=5.158) on life satisfaction, and also, a significant moderating role of the perceived socio-economic status in the path of the perceived social support of spouse and life satisfaction (β= 0.153, t=2.336). Generally, the fit indices of the whole model were appropriate (GOF=0.599). Thus, it could be concluded that improving these already mentioned variables could play a role in improving married women's life satisfaction. This could offer some strategies for being taught in the training courses aimed at enhancing married women's life satisfaction, implemented by family consultants.

During the socialization process, individuals internalize some attitudes and beliefs on social and political occasions, in line with the prevailing culture of the case. In this study, the attitude toward active political participation of women between male and female students has been examined. The sample size according to Cochran's formula is equal to 370 male and female students living in Tehran. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, simultaneous regression and Fisher's test using survey method and questionnaire technique. ‌ Findings showed that there was no significant relationship between socio-economic status and attitudes toward women's active participation and among the variables affecting students' attitudes toward women's active political participation were variables such as a feeling of political effectiveness (women: r = 0.43 and men: r = 0.29), the existence of gender stereotypes (women: r = -0.50 and men: r = -0.35), belief in patriarchy (women: r = -0.58 and men: r = -0.37) and glass ceiling (female: r = -0.52 and men:r = -0.34) showed the most effect and gender analysis emphasized the effect of the mentioned cases among female students more than male students. The low presence of women in politics can be due to political socialization, which has seen politics as masculine and marginalized women.

Women work on their emotions and adjust them to the new relationship in the first year of marriage. The purpose of this study is to discover the emotional work of 20 women in Isfahan. We will adopt Arley Hochshild theory on emotion and use narrative inquiry of Algirdas Julien Greimas . Findings show that women try to achieve a good life. They perform both self-directed emotional work and other-based one in the first year of marriage. "Self-directed emotional work" is often done with an inner motivation and with the aim of improving the quality of marriage, overcoming a crisis, creating satisfaction, self-reflection and constructive interaction with others, and the help of helpers is widely used." Other-based emotional work" is always done with an inner force and with the aim of making a conscious change, the desire to be recognized and to fall into a blissful trance, and rarely is there any trace of the helpers and opponents. There are some reasons that lead women to emotional work include the power structure in the family, the lack of some skills and abilities in women, and women's agency in shaping and integrating the family