فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 51 (پاییز 1401)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a program for educating adolescents in cyberspace. The present study is a qualitative theory grounded and the research data were obtained using semi-structured and in-depth interviews with parents of Tehran’s Area 13 who met the entry criteria. The study measure was in-depth interview and sampling was continued until complete saturation. Data were coded at three levels. Regarding to the theoretical code of cyberspace psychopathology, the central codes of mental, social, physical, functional and educational pathologies along with 22 open codes were extracted and in relation to the theoretical code of coping strategies for dealing with cyberspace injuries, Parental awareness, legislation and effective interaction with adolescents were extracted with 32 open codes. Open, conceptual, and theoretical codes based on the Strauss-Korbin model were validated by counselings and psychologists with validation by constructive and internal method of evaluations. Then, a conceptual model of two-way interaction of psychopathologies and coping strategies to deal with cyberspace were designed. Finally, based on the conceptual model, a program for educating adolescents in cyberspace was developed. According to the obtained model, the pathologies and strategies of dealing with cyberspace interact with each other and have a two-way relationships. Therefore, the six-stage program of parenting education in cyberspace is able to suggest effective strategies in the field of parenting with regard to the harms of cyberspace for parents.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ISTDP and EFT therapies on marital adjustment of married women with experience of complex childhood trauma. The study population consisted of married women with a history of complex childhood trauma and distressing marital relationships in Shahrekord in 1400. sampling was done by call and voluntarily. After reviewing the inclusion criteria, finally, six people were selected and randomly assigned to ISTDP and EFT treatments. After implementation, the approaches were compared. Research data were analyzed by a single case method. The results of visual analysis between the intervention and baseline positions including PND, mean and mean changes, relative and absolute level changes, showed the effectiveness of both treatments on marital adjustment. Mean and average changes for ISTDP and EFT therapies indicated the effectiveness of both approaches on increasing marital adjustment in the middle and end of treatment sessions. Relative level changes for both treatments also indicated an increase in marital adjustment in the early stages of treatment. Results for absolute changes for ISTDP and EFT therapies indicated that both treatments were able to lead to immediate changes in marital adjustment scores. The percentage of overlapping for both treatments indicated the high effectiveness of these two treatments for marital adjustment. Considering the values obtained from the average changes, mean, level changes, and percentage index of overlapping data, the results show that EFT treatment was more effective than ISTDP treatment in increasing marital adjustment.

The amount of use of corporal punishment is higher among mothers exposed to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Children's assessment of domestic violence and their low ability to deal with this phenomenon causes behavioral, emotional and adjustment problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Maternal Empowerment Program (MEP) on reducing the use of corporal punishment in mothers exposed to domestic violence. This research was conducted by A-B-A design method. The participants of this study were all mothers who had experienced IPV during the last two years. The Mothers Empowerment Program was trained to 8 abused mothers in ten 90-minute sessions based on the Sandra Graham Berman protocol. The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) was used to collect data in this study. The results of Cohen’d which is in the range of 1.13 to 1.82, showed that the empowerment program for mothers has been effective in reducing the use of corporal punishment of mothers exposed to IPV with children 6 to 12. The results of the present study show that a relatively short intervention program can reduce the use of corporal punishment of parents even in deprived populations with stressful conditions.

In addition to the destructive effects of MS, there are emotional and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment and reality therapy based on reducing anxiety sensitivity in women with MS in Urmia. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study included women with MS referred to the MS Association of Urmia in 1398, from which a sample of 45 people were selected voluntarily and were divided into two experimental groups and a control group. For the first experimental group, the intervention based on acceptance and commitment was performed, and for the second experimental group, reality therapy was performed, while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included Reese and Peterson Anxiety Sensitivity Scale (1985). Both treatments showed an effect on reducing anxiety sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and the most effective intervention acceptance and commitment (p <0.05) had an effect on reducing anxiety sensitivity. The findings of this study provide useful information about reality therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to reducing anxiety sensitivity. Clinical counselors and psychologists can use both therapeutic interventions to reduce anxiety sensitivity in patients with MS.

The prevalence of grief disorder syndrome has been one of the consequences of the outbreak of Covid-19 virus. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness based cognitive therapy on grief syndrome in women with Covid-19 grief disorder. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up with a control group. From 25 to 45 years old women with grief disorder (caused by Covid-19) in Tehran in 2020-2021, 45 people were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included Hogan grief reaction checklist (2001). One group received emotion-based therapy (10 sessions of one and a half hours) and one group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (9 sessions of one and a half hours). The control group was placed on a waiting list and did not receive any intervention during the study. To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used using the assumptions. The results showed that both interventions were significantly more effective in all six components of grief syndrome compared to the control group and emotion-focused therapy was significantly more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness syndrome (other than personal growth) (p<0/05). The results showed more efficiency of emotion-focused therapy compared to cognitive therapy based on Covid-19 grief syndrome in women.

Different studies used the construct of frequency of conflict and the extent of conflict issues interchangeably, and there was no distinction between them. While with the development of theoretical models, these constructs became different from each other. However, unlike the construction of frequency of conflict, which had an instrument to measure it, so far no model of assessment has been proposed to measure the construct of the extent of conflict dominations; Therefore, the present study aimed to measure the construction of the extent of conflict dominations and evaluate its role in parent-adolescent relationships. The present study is descriptive and structural equation modeling, and the research sample consisted of 704 adolescents studying in schools in Tehran. To measure the construction of the extent of conflict issues, the definition of the model "process of adolescent perception of conflict with parents" was used, and based on this model, a new scoring was proposed for the revised checklist of parent-adolescent conflict issues, and then this model was tested. The results of exploratory factor analysis identified two factors, and confirmatory factor analysis also approved one-factor and two-factor models for measuring this construction. The results of structural equation modeling also confirmed the effect of this construction on adolescent dissatisfaction with mother and father in the form of a structural model. As a result, researchers can use the proposed measurement model of the present study to measure the extent of conflict issues as a separate construct from the frequency of conflict.

Marital intimacy is considered as a prominent ability to build long-term and satisfying relationships. One of the psychological factors affecting marital intimacy is self-differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of self-differentiation components (Emotional reactivity, Emotional cutoff, I-position and Fusion with others) in predicting marital intimacy in Couples. Using the convenience sampling method, a total of 100 individuals were selected as the sample size. For data collection, the Walker and Thompson (1983) Marital Intimacy and Skowron and Schmitt (2003) Self-Differentiation Questionnaires were used. Data was analyzed using Spearman correlation and univariate regression analysis. The results showed that among the subscales of self-differentiation, only the emotional cutoff subscale has an inverse and significant relationship with marital intimacy (r = -0.363 P <0.01) and is able to explain 15/2% of the variance of marital intimacy.According to the results, emotional cutoff plays an important role in marital intimacy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a positive parenting program on general health and marital adjustment of mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of students aged 7 to 11 years with ADHD (dominant hyperactivity) in the academic year 1401-1400 in Tehran. The sample size consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and placed in two experimental and control groups. A positive parenting program was implemented for the experiment group, while the control group did not receive any training. The research tool included the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1972) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976). The results indicated that a positive parenting program improved the general health and marital adjustment. The findings of this study provide a beneficial information about positive parenting program. Counselors and psychologists might practice these interventions to improve the general health and marital adjustment of mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD.

The concept of lifestyle encompasses a wide range of objective and subjective matters, including patterns of social relations, entertainment, consumption, fashion and clothing, attitudes, values, and worldview. This study aimed to predict lifestyle based on spiritual intelligence and moral intelligence in students. The method used in this research was a descriptive correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of this study was all 246 first-grade high school students in Yazd who were randomly selected. The instruments used in this study were the Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ), 70 questions with subscales of physical health, exercise and health, weight control and nutrition, disease prevention, mental health, spiritual health, social health, drug avoidance, drugs, and alcohol, Was accident prevention and environmental health. The 40-item Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (MCI) consisted of 10 indicators. The last questionnaire of the Stevens Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire consists of 42 items of 5 options, moral intelligence has a positive and significant effect on lifestyle (P <0.001). The effect of spiritual intelligence on lifestyle has been stronger than moral intelligence. The variables of moral intelligence and spiritual intelligence, in total, explain 34% of the variance of lifestyle. Fitting indices also indicated the desirability of the structural equation model. The result is that lifestyle is predicted based on spiritual and moral intelligence.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of appreciation training on positive feelings towards spouse and boredom in women with marital incompatibility. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with marital incompatibility who referred to the counseling center in the 4th district of Karaj in the number of 700 people in 1398. They were called to the counseling center and asked to express their desire to participate in the research. Finally, among the number of volunteer members, 30 of these women were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15) and control (15) groups. The Pains Couple Boredom Questionnaire (1996) and the Positive Emotions Questionnaire (1975) were used to collect data. The experimental group received 9 sessions of appreciation training, while the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance) were used. Analysis of the findings obtained after adjusting the effect of the control group showed a positive and significant effect (P <0.001) of this training on research variables. Based on this, it can be concluded that the use of positive behaviors such as appreciation could. It helps to form and spread behaviors and emotions such as positive feelings towards the spouse and reduce negative feelings such as marital boredom.