نشریه فناوری های پیشرفته در بهره وری آب
سال دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

Karun Bozorg Catchment is very important, as a supplier of important part of hydropower energy of country.

In this research is studied, impacts of Karun Bozorg Catchment development on production of hydropower energy of the catchment. For this purpose, according to schedule of performance of projects of water resources development of the catchment and to take into view various combinations of resources and demands of water of the catchment, under of 11 scenarios at three time horizon: existing conditions, time horizon of 2026 and time horizon of 2042, prepared by Weap model, resources, demands and reservoirs model of the Catchment, and then according to results of implementation of the model, Calculated by Excel software, primary hydropower energy produced in hydropower plants of the catchment, and the results was reviewed and analyzed.

The results of this study show, substantially shortage of primary hydropower energy produced in hydropower plants of the catchment in Compared with energy need, in all three periods studied, and as a result, inability of water resources of the Catchment for futher development and significant effects of water inter-basin transfer projects on production rate of hydropower energy.

There are currently various methods for extracting energy and generating electricity from wave energy, one of the simplest and most practical methods is the use of water oscillating column (OWC). The water oscillating column of our study on the OWC has a chamber with a front wall that is oriented against the direction of the current. In this research, a two-dimensional numerical study on the geometric optimization of an ocean wave energy converter (WEC) to electrical energy is presented. The main factor is OWC. To do this, the geometric parameter of the OWC chamber length was optimized, while the other parameters (height to length ratio) were kept constant. In this study, a regular wave with dimensions on a laboratory scale was considered. To determine the optimal energy converter parameter based on environmental parameters (water depth, wave period and altitude), first by using PSO meta-innovation algorithm and coding in MATLAB software to create an algorithm to study and present the most optimal parameters And we did it at different depths. The results of this study indicate the very appropriate answers of the proposed PSO algorithm to determine the parameter of the optimal operating chamber of the wave oscillator energy converter in comparison with other algorithms. The performance of the designed converter in the obtained optimal state is equal to 54%, which increase in comparison with the research background is a self-confirmation of the results obtained from the determination of the optimal state by the proposed algorithm.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important parameters in agricultural water management which has spatial and temporal variations. Remote sensing-based algorithms of ET estimation have been applied in several studies. Using MODIS satellite images ET can be estimated on a daily basis at the pixel size of 1000 meters while using Landsat 8 images can be estimated every 16 days in the pixel size of 100 meters. Various methods are available for combining satellite images with low (such as MODIS) and medium (such as Landsat 8) spatial resolution to estimate evapotranspiration on a daily basis in the lower pixel size. Downscaling is one of these methods which was evaluated in this study is one of the plains in Kermanshah province. For this purpose, the actual ET over the study area was calculated during the summer of 2014 using the SEBAL algorithm based on six satellite images of Landsat 8 and MODIS. Although there are several methods for downscaling the estimated evapotranspiration based on MODIS images, in this study two simple downscaling methods (ratio and subtraction). were used to convert the Landsat 8 image scale. Results of downscaled images of MODIS were compared with the results of Landsat 8 images graphically and statistically. Given the fact of small size and mixed land use types in the study area results of downscaling methods were not acceptable.

Variation of rainfall origin in different parts of Iran along with latitude, distance and proximity to moisture sources, etc. causes rainfall behaviors such as intensity and continuity to have temporal and spatial changes .Using statistical methods and discharge data of Dez river, severe floods of this river were extracted to identify the effective factors in their creation.In this research, the information of all effective atmospheric levels has been analyzed using a combination of illustrative and appropriate maps.And Synoptic and thermodynamic properties of heavy cloud precipitation in Dez catchment At the same time, the synoptic patterns lead to the prolongation of the systems on the catchment And its effect on flow rate was identified and presented.The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern or patterns of durable rainfall systems in the Dez River Basin. There is a deep landing in the eastern Mediterranean that has caused the cold European air to fall in the west of the ship, as well as the transfer of moisture from the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf in the east. And the conditions for creating an ascent in the Dez River Basin are the most important elements of the pattern of heavy and durable rainfall in this basin. Water resources planning, prevention and timely information, and flood control and control are among the results that can be expected from this research.

In the investigation of the effect of different mulches on the vegetative characteristics of grape seedlings and comparing them in drip and capillary irrigation systems, an experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications. In the main plots, drip and capillary irrigation methods were evaluated, and in the subplots, types of mulches including plastic, no mulch, sand-stubble, and stubble mulch were evaluated. Based on the results of the irrigation method, had a significant effect at the level of 1% on the collar diameter, seedling height, branches number, shading area, and leaves a number. The effect of mulch was also significant on the branches number, branches length, shading area and leaves number at the level of 1%. The highest seedling height, branch length, shade area, and leaf number were observed in the drip irrigation with plastic mulch, and the lowest amount of the mentioned traits were observed in the drip irrigation and no mulching. Based on the average comparison, in capillary irrigation, the application of mulch had no significant effects on the performance of vegetative traits, and in drip irrigation, the use of plastic mulch compared to the no mulch method Caused an Increase in the performance of collar diameter, seedling height, branches number, branches length, shading area and leaves number by 32.27, 47.56, 40, 68.61, 62.36 and 61.18%, respectively. Based on the results, there is no need to use mulch in capillary irrigation, and it is recommended to use transparent plastic mulch in drip irrigation.

Intelligent algorithms, have greatly enhanced the ability of engineers to analyze and model complex hydraulic phenomena. Among them is the analysis of transient flow, which are always an important part of hydraulic pressurized pipelines .over time, the pipelines will , leak, and so on. one of the most important characteristics of transient flow is the rate of losses in pressure waves, which will be exacerbated by leakage from the pipe wall. In this research, using intelligent algorithms such as artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA) and gene expression programming (GP), the rate of pressure losses passes the leak hole in the pipe wall (HLPW) to be determined and its application to be compared with hydraulic analysis. Therefore, first, with the help of dimensional analysis, the effective parameters on (HLPW) were determined and then a total of 120 experiments with 6 discharges, 5 leak diameters and 4 leak locations on a polyethylene pipe with a nominal diameter of 63 mm and a length of 47 m was considered for research. The results showed that the ANN model has the best performance among intelligent algorithms to estimate and calculate (HLPW). Also, ANN, GEP, ITA and GA models with R2 equal to 0.987, 0.905, 0.891 and 0.721, respectively, have the best performance in estimation of (HLPW). In general, for estimation of (HLPW) some intelligent algorithms are more powerful than the existing hydraulic analyzer. Therefore, their use is recommended in both terms of reducing time and increasing the accuracy of calculations.