فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق بشر اسلامی
پیاپی 24 (بهار 1401)

Given the increasing numbers of people with disabilities around the world, the UN General Assembly on December 7 adopted the Resolution on Standard Equality of Opportunities for People with Disabilities. Working with people with disabilities and equal opportunities, raising awareness of people and people with disabilities about the rights, needs, abilities and potential of people with disabilities is a core part of this resolution. The purpose of the present study is a comparative study of positive discrimination in the employment of persons with disabilities in the legal system of Iran, US and India. Unfortunately, in Iran, neither in the Constitution nor in statutes, there is any principle or substance been explicitly and directly addressed to the issue of positive discrimination in the employment of persons with disabilities. The Indian legal system and the Supreme Court have taken strong steps to promote positive discrimination for the employment of people with disabilities. US federal law also requires the federal government to discriminate against people with disabilities. The adoption of the new law for the protection of the disabled, approved in 2017, is a necessary but insufficient step in the field of positive discrimination and employment of the disabled in Iran.

The purpose of this article is to examine human rights in the discourse of the Mahdism doctrine. The research method is descriptive-analytical and using library resources. In response to the main question, what is the place of human rights in the discourse of the doctrine of Mahdism? It can be argued that the doctrine of Mahdism places more emphasis on the value or acquired dignity of human beings, but the Universal Declaration of Human Rights avoids acknowledging the inherent dignity of dignity in order to avoid conflict with the views of secular countries. Belief in the realization of rights such as equality, justice, security, and prosperity has led to the universality, excitement, and idealism of Mahdism as proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in pursuit of the common goal of promoting human rights and freedoms. . Finally, in the age of advent, no one is excluded from the scope of "human rights" and belief in the Mahdi (pbuh) is not only an indication of an Islamic belief, with a specific religious color, but the desire of all human beings with different religions in the form of natural inspiration.

One of the duties and rights of the people in the Islamic government is the right of supervision, which is done in the form of the duty of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil. The Islamic People, just as it is obligated in an Islamic society, on the basis of the mutual guardianship of the believers, to command each other to do good and forbid evil, is obliged to supervise the actions of the rulers and agents of the political system. Or acting in denial, in the form of exemplary advice, to prevent them from denying and to guide them to the good. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article assumes that the principle of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil and the right of public oversight is the most important religious support in Islamic governance for exercising oversight and the best example is to establish and maintain an Islamic government.

A look at recent events in the region and the world reveals several of these. Gross human rights violations in occupied Palestine, Zionist aggression in Lebanon, ISIS crimes in Syria and Iraq, Saudi aggression in Yemen, mass executions in Saudi Arabia, inhumane incidents in Bahrain, violations of basic black rights in the United States, terrorist acts by the government The United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran, from economic sanctions to the assassination of the commander of the Quds Force and other assassinations by the United States and the occupying regime in Quds, are all part of many inhumane acts that occur in the world and dealing with such cases requires identifying all legal It is political and all the tools that international law provides to countries and unfortunately they are less used. These tools include cultural and propaganda tools, negotiation and diplomacy tools, non-recognition of the status quo of violations, severance of diplomatic relations, use of regional legal arrangements, legitimate individual and collective defense, UN capacities, including the Security Council. And the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council, international judicial measures, instruments of economic pressure, direct military action, convergence and synergy with allied governments and the formation of unions and coalitions and regional intervention organizations based on the consent and request and humanitarian intervention Is that the Islamic Republic of Iran can use and cite for the realization of human rights.

Man's behavior is subject to the moral foundations within him. Accordingly, every material and spiritual phenomenon on this scale must be analyzed and evaluated. Today, with the increasing growth of the field of law in different societies, we are witnessing small and large differences in Islamic and Western human rights, which studies show that due to differences in the moral foundations that govern them, the legal products of these two schools. It is different. The West, through the media, has always targeted Islamic law and considered it contrary to human ethics, while the study of the moral foundations governing Islamic and Western human rights shows the opposite. It seeks to study these moral foundations in a descriptive-analytical way and has finally come to the conclusion that Western human rights in various moral fields provide material interpretations of man and existence and give man an exclusive place in creation and others. Existing rights in the universe, including other creatures and semantic aspects of creation, including religion, the hereafter, etc., under the control and will of man, unlike Islamic human rights, which subject human rights to attention and a true view of man and the universe. Has explained.

Sanctions, for whatever purpose they are used, may violate human rights and severely affect the right to development, the right to life, and political rights and freedoms. By asking the question, "What effect do international sanctions have on human rights standards - with an emphasis on multilateral sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran?", this research has come to the conclusion that the sanctions imposed on Iran have many direct and indirect negative effects on Iranian citizens, it is contrary to the general and universal principles and values ​​of human rights. The aforementioned effects on economic rights from the second generation and the development of human rights from the third generation have been measured in this research. Based on this, practical sanctions have negative effects on the main indicators and assumptions of economic security. In addition, it has negative effects in other fields as well. In this research, the effects related to economic rights and development have been investigated.