Chronic Diseases Journal
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Summer 2022

Quality of life is one of the most important issues in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although some studies examined the quality of life in these patients, most of them are related to descriptive statistics. It is essential to address measurement assessment to assess the quality of life among patients with T2DM. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the factor structure of the 36-Item Short Form Survey(SF-36) among patients with T2DM.

This study was conducted using convenience sampling in Tehran and Mashhad, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. In this psychometric study, the SF-36, according to Kline’s approach, was administered among 290 patients with T2DM. The factor structure of the scales was assessed. To examine factor structure, we examined exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Besides, the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed via Cronbach’s alpha and split-half.In sum, to analyze the data, SPSS software was used.

By examining the Promax matrix, the SF-36 resulted in a six-factor structure; however, the items of one of the factors were removed due to cross-loading(0.51-0.53). According to the findings of exploratory factor analysis in 5 factors, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.73 to 0.97 and split-half ranged from0.60 to 0.97.

The findings revealed that the five-factor model of the SF-36 had satisfactory validity and reliability. Thus, this questionnaire can be used in future studies to assess the quality of life of patients with T2DM.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been associated with a variety of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can worsen the symptoms of underlying disease and correlates with co-morbidities. We aimed to investigateRLS in patients with chemical warfare-induced lung diseases.

This cross-sectional study recruited patients with sulfur mustard (SM) lung injury, their healthy family members, and patients with COPD from August 2018 to August 2019. COPD was confirmed by medical history, physical examination, and spirometry according to GOLD COPD guidelines. RLS diagnosis was recognized by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) and severity was assessed using the International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) rating scale. Other research measures were COPD Assessment Test (CAT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale for dyspnoea severity, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for daytime somnolence. Laboratory values included hemoglobin, ferritin, creatinine, and fibrinogen.

This study was conducted on 143 men in three groups: 40 (30.0%) SM-exposed veterans,73 (55.3%) patients with COPD, and 30 (20.9%) healthy cases.Due to the high prevalence of COPD and better comparison with the control group, more patients with COPD were selected. 20 cases (50%) of the veterans group had RLS, while 25 (32.9%) cases of COPD were affected by this disorder. One normal case (3.33%) suffered from RLS. The chemical veterans who suffered from cough, sputum production, chest pain, and hemoptysis had a higher incidence in proportion to patients with COPD (P < 0.001). The CAT score was significantly higher in SM-exposed veterans with RLS (P = 0.004).

RLS is more common in SM lung injuries with higher CAT scores; therefore, evaluation and treatment of RLS are recommended in mustard lung victims.

Traffic accidents are a serious challenge for community health. Lack of skills among youth, willingness to riskyaccidents, and traffic law violations play the main role in accidents. Therefore, this study aimed at the effect of educational intervention on traffic accident prevention in youth using a theory of planned behavior (TPB).

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 in Kurdistan Province, Iran, by participation of 240 young men. They were allocated randomly to the experimental (n = 120) and control (n = 120) groups. The intervention plan consisted of three training sessions and a film demonstration. The instrument was a designed questionnaire based on the TPB which was completed before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by linear regression and t-test.

The mean age of youth was 23.93 ± 3.10 years. Perceived behavioral control was the most predictive structure in behavioral intention. The mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and preventive traffic accident behavior in the experimental group had different significance compared to the control group after training (P < 0.001).

Interventions aimed at promoting attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control can increase individuals' intentions to engage in health behaviors andmotivate them to implement traffic accident prevention behaviors.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy worldwide and pain is an important problem and one of the most unstable symptoms in these patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and attachment styles with pain perception in patients with BC.

In a cross-sectional study in the form of a structural equation modeling (SEM), during the period from July to September 2021, 360 participants diagnosed with BC, who were referred to three chemotherapy centers in Tehran, Iran, were selected using a purposeful sampling method and entered into the research process after obtaining informed consent and fulfilling the necessary criteria. Four indices of adverse childhood experiences, attachment style, pain, and quality of life were completed by participants over some time. Data were analyzed using Amos software.

Data analysis showed that adverse childhood experiences mediated by the quality oflife were not associated with pain perception of women with BC (P > 0.05). However, the relationship between secure attachment style and pain perception mediated by the quality of life was observed as significant (P < 0.05, β = -0.06). But the relationship between avoidant (β = 0.026) and two-bilateral attachment(β = 0.028) attachment styles with pain perception was not significant (P > 0.05).

Part of the findings of this study was in line with the research background indicating the relationship between secure attachment style and pain perception mediated by the quality of life. However, the association of adverse childhood experiences with pain perception is a complex one that requires further study.

Addiction has caused numerous socio-psychological problems around the world as well as in the process of substance abuse treatment. To improve psychological problems and cravings, it should be focused on detoxification, drug withdrawal, and psychotherapy. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of multifaceted Islamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the craving, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and psychological well-being in male opioid-dependent patients.

This was a quasi-experimental interventional study in Tehran, Iran, in 2018. 60 male opioid-dependent patients were selected. They were randomly assigned to three groups of the MIT (n = 20), CBT (n = 20), and controls (n = 20). The experimental groups received 10 sessions of MIT and CBT. Tools were the Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

A significant difference was observed between the mean scores of the experimental groups and the control group in the variables of craving, cognitive emotion regulation, and psychological well-being (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups.

The MIT and CBT impacted the craving, cognitive emotion regulation, and psychological well-being in opioid-dependent patients. However, there were no significant differences between the two approaches

With the increasing prevalence of coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19), the number of pregnant women with this virus who give birth is also increasing. This study evaluates the clinical features and consequences of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women undergoing delivery in Kurdistan Province, Iran.

In this descriptive study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and delivery outcomes of pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 disease admitted to Besat Hospitalof Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, from February 25, 2020, to August 21, 2020.

Among 192 pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection during the study period, 37 were admitted for delivery. Out of the 37 patients, 15 patients had a normal vaginal delivery, and 22 patients were delivered by cesarean. Fever and cough (32.40%) and shortness of breath (11.37%) were the main symptoms of the pregnant women in our study. None of our patients needed ventilator support or died.

Based on the results of our survey, pregnancy augments neither the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 nor the mortality rate. However, the rate of cesarean and preterm delivery increased.

Humans are one of the hosts of this Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), contamination is causedby eating the eggs of this parasite. This study investigatesa patient with a hydatid cyst in the liver and bile ducts referred to the Velayat hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran,in 2021.

Thepatient was a 74-year-old woman complained of abdominal pain and jaundice. Computerized tomography(CT) scans and endosonography were performed. By endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), hydatid membranes were removed.

Endemic areas are the point of view of hydatid cyst. In patients with lower abdominal pain, hydatid cyst should be considered.

The pain experience is the main reason for individuals who refer to medical centers. There is a difference among individuals in terms of their pain perception and pain report. Psychological factors are the key reasons leading to differences between people in terms of pain perception reported by them. Personality differences is one of the significant psychological factors. This study assessed the correlation between personality traits and reported pain perception.

This was an experimental study aimed at examining the correlation between personality traits and perceived pain. 100 participants were tested in IranUniversity of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, in 2019, using the Millon Clinical MultiaxialInventory-III (MCMI-III)and cold pressor test (CPT) to address the correlation between these factors.

Data analysis indicated a significant association between five traits including narcissistic (r = -0.23), paranoid (r = 0.25), histrionic (r= -0.24), borderline (r = -0.25), and compulsive personality (r = -0.32) traits and reported pain perception rate (P < 0.05).

Research results showed a correlation between personality traits and pain reported by patients; therefore, therapistsand researchers should pay attention to the effect of personality factors when interpreting and treating the pain reported by patients.