فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 52 (زمستان 1401)

The purpose of this study is to develop a scientific-operational model of "premarital counseling" using Islamic teachings about marriage, marriage theories and family psychology and indigenous-cultural considerations. The research design is applied in terms of purpose and "contextual theory", "thematic analysis" and "experts' lived experience" in terms of implementation method. In this research, first, religious texts (verses of the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Infallibles) on the importance of marriage, criteria for choosing a spouse, the rights and duties of couples, and the communication ethics of couples have been studied. Then, psychological theories related to marriage and counseling methods used by internal experts are examined. After applying the concepts and extracting the categories of successful marriage, the concept of "awareness and acceptance" is the main component in choosing a spouse and the four dimensions are "health", "similarity", "proportionality" and "skill". Necessary subsets for choosing a spouse Based on this, the executive model of premarital counseling was developed.

The current study aimed to explain the impacts of the “performance model of donation” on the reduction of “fear” and “sorrow” according to Islamic sources. The study tried to answer “what performance model allows donation to reduce fear and sorrow in human beings?” The above question was investigated among the Quranic verses and hadiths based on the theory of “semantic field”; thus, the Quranic verses and hadiths related to donation, alms, stinginess, miserliness, and generosity were investigated. The class analysis was applied to understand the components psychologically. The obtained components were classified in groups titled “orientations”, “behaviors”, “experiences”, and “functions”. Investigating the components in the above classes revealed that the lack of sorrow and fear is an internal experience and is not in complete agreement with external objectivities. If a donation is performed according to the Quranic approach and is in line with the above four classes of components, it will bring about certain “psychological functions” and “developmental impacts”; one of such “psychological functions” is “the reduction of sorrow” and “the reduction of fear” in the donator.

This research aimed to analyze adolescents` motivational factors for using virtual social media. This research was conducted using the qualitative approach of phenomenology type. For this purpose, 17 female adolescents aged 14 to 16 who were dysfunctional in the use of social media were selected using a purposeful sampling method based on criteria. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Finally, the data were coded and categorized and the results were expressed using the method of narrative reporting. The analysis of experiences led to the identification of 7 main themes, including the symbiotic relationship with peers, omnipresence, emotion regulation, idealization versus normalization, social comparison, function, and response to existential-humanistic issues. each of them included 5, 7, 8, 4, 5, 15, and 3 sub-themes respectively. The results show that adolescents' problematic use of social networks is not motivated by newness or fashion, but purposefully and motivated by the fulfillment of basic needs (autonomy, competence, and communication). Therefore, in addition to recognizing the needs and motivations of adolescents, the authorities must use the technological opportunities of social networks to respond to their neglected needs in the real world. Also, counselors can take preventive measures or design targeted technological content for them by considering the motivations of adolescents.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspectives, practices and capabilities needed in remote education and learning from the parents' views. The present study is a qualitative study with phenomenological method. The statistical population includes all parents who have been involved in remote education with one or more children since the beginning of the Corona virus epidemic. The research tool is semi-structured interviews. Purposeful and criterion-based sampling method were continued due to theoretical saturation, up to 24 interviews. The research results were performed in three stages of descriptive, interpretive and explanatory coding. Findings include three explanatory codes entitled Attitude to distance education and learning, performance of remote education beneficiaries and capabilities and requirements, which were obtained from interpretive and descriptive codes. The results showed that parents have a positive attitude to the development of remote education in corona and even post corona period, but consider its context and facilities inappropriate and incompatible with the different needs of families. They expressed the necessary capabilities and requirements in three general sections: resources, teaching methods and types of skills, and analyzed the performance in this training in sections as school and its factors, family and relevant officials. Analyzing the views of different groups, especially parents, about remote education will lead to better decisions and actions in the future and in the context of this education.

All the basic theories of committed relationships refer to the availability of attractive alternatives as a negative factor that undermines the commitment and survival of the relationship

The present study aimed to compare adaptive motivation and cognitive activism within individuals with and without the temptation to engage in a relationship with an attractive alternative.

The study population consisted of the married men and women in Mashhad among which 200 individuals were selected as the study participants via convenient sampling procedure who responded to the temptation and likelihood of infidelity questionnaires. Out of 200 participants, 40 individuals were selected via purposive sampling (10 males and 10 females with high rate of temptation as well as 10 females and 10 males with low rate of temptation) who were required to respond to other research questionnaires of the study.

A significant difference was detected between the two study groups (high temptation to infidelity vs. low temptation to infidelity).There was a significant difference in the average scores of adaptive motivation (p<0.05, t=3.05) and also in the average scores of all components of cognitive abilities except for the component of social cognition (8.46, F=p<0.05).

It can be concluded that the participants of the high temptation group had higher temptation rate, less adaptive motivation and more cognitive problems (based on the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire, n-back task, Hanoi Tower task and Go / No go task) in comparison with the low temptation group, which seems to increase the likelihood of infidelity in these people

The aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model of Psychopathological Self-Maximizing syndrome in Islamic sources and to evaluate its validity. According to the purpose, the qualitative and quantitative mixed method has been used. In the qualitative part, first using the method of semantic domains (Trier, 2019) with 35 related words, 481 religious propositions were collected using purposive sampling based on the principle of saturation and using the method of qualitative content analysis by the method of inductive content analysis. (2004) were analyzed by three steps of open, axial and selective coding. Then, in the quantitative part, the validity of the findings was evaluated using the method of evaluating the opinions of experts by 11 experts by calculating the content validity index. Findings showed that the Psychopathological Self-Maximizing construct has 3 axes and 14 symptoms. The first part of the desire-oriented components (insatiability of desires, desire to be more than enough for oneself, intense interest in collecting and maintaining wealth), the second part of emotion-oriented components (suffering from not achieving desires, dissatisfaction, longing for life, grief) , Lack of comfort, humiliation in front of others due to requests) and the third part are the components of behavior-oriented (self-hardening in life, excessive excuse for not giving, not paying divine rights, acquiring and keeping property through wrongdoing, not being able to reject their demands). The results of the syndrome of this construct have provided a suitable background for diagnosis, scale design and formulation of therapeutic interventions of this structure.

The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of school with high standards of job growth. The research was applied and the mixed method was used in terms of data collection. In the quantitative part, the Student Occupational Standards Questionnaire published by the American School Counseling Association (2004) was used to identify occupational schools, and in the qualitative part, in-depth interviews were used to examine school occupational indicators. The statistical population of this study was all first and second secondary schools for girls in Kermanshah. T After identifying the three schools as vocational schools, in the second phase, 10 agents from the three schools were selected by in-depth sampling method for in-depth interviews. In the last two interviews, no new information was obtained and the data were saturated. After reviewing the data obtained from the research and coding the data of each group in three stages of open, axial, selective coding, a total of 90 concepts related to vocational school indicators were obtained, which were classified into 27 categories, which were finally indexed. Vocational schools were classified into 8 general areas: school education system, non-formal education programs, student job empowerment, school strategies for career growth, quality of organizational relationships in school, supportive school environment, student job resources,

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training for "Philosophy for Children" on Moral development of sixth-grade male elementary students, in Educational District NO.6 in Tehran. The research was a quasi-experimental one with the pre-test and post-test design involving both experimental and control groups. The (statistical) population consisted of all sixth-grade male students of the Educational District No.6 in Tehran in October 2017, among them15 subiects were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into two groups. The instruments of the Spiritual-Moral Development (1391) Scale measured both these groups(experimental and control) in the pre-test stage. Then, the experimental group were trained for P4C in 8 sessions using the educational package of stories for Iranian children, but the control group did not receive any training. The above tools were used in both pre-test and post-test stages. The data was analyzed by means of one-variable covariance analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the independent variable caused an increase of the scores on moral development in comparison with the control group.One of the main goals of the philosophy program for children and adolescents is to strengthen thinking in childhood. Accordingly, the training of wise, self-conscious, precise, responsible, moral, social, researcher, critical, self-critical, and ... persons will be accomplished by this program.

Pilots' psychological readiness is one of the most important factors in maintaining flight safety. The aim of this study was to develop positive and negative individual factors affecting the psychological preparation of airline pilots. The research was conducted qualitatively. The study population was all pilots of an airline in Tehran in 1398. The sample was 10 pilots who were selected by purposive method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. This process continued until theoretical saturation was obtained in response to interview questions. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis led to the identification of two categories of positive and negative individual factors affecting the psychological readiness of pilots. In the category of negative factors affecting the psychological readiness of pilots; Physical and personality weakness, weakness in personal management, economic and occupational concerns, and unprofessional behavior were identified. In the category of positive factors affecting the mental readiness of pilots; Physical and personality empowerment, individual and organizational beliefs, positive attitude towards work and life, job planning, application of skills and personal management facilities were extracted. This study showed that two categories of positive and negative individual factors are among the most important issues in the psychological preparation of pilots that should be considered.

Ru-dar-baysti is one of the cultural Iranian etiquette; a feeling of shyness and embarrassment related to saving face that occurs when individuals have respect for other party. The current study intended to identify the ru-dar-baysti-based phenomenal experiences of women with low intimacy in marital relationships. To conduct this research, a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method was employed. Participants included 14 women with low marital intimacy who were selected through purposive sampling method and snowball strategy with using Intimacy Scale (IS) developed by Walker and Thompson. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method. Analysis of rudarbaysti-based phenomenal experiences of women with low intimacy in marital relationships led to extraction of 11 main themes: Participants' perceptions of the concept, Areas of occurrence, Reasons for rudarbaysti from the perspective of subject, How of rudarbaysti occurrence, Cognitive, Emotional, Relational, Physical-psychological consequences of rudarbaystis, Positive consequences, Effective factors on quitting, and Consequences of quitting rudarbaysti. The findings of the present study showed that rudarbaysti occurs for different reasons and dimensions of the women's intimate relationships with their husbands and in various forms and the occurrence of this phenomenon and quitting it causes a range of positive and negative consequences. It is suggested that according to the results of this study, a plan be developed to acknowledge and assess the type of couples' interactions and to formulate appropriate interventions in the process of couple therapy in a cultural context.