Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2020

The TFs identify as distinct DNA sequences to regulate transcription processes and chromatin forming.

To address needs in multiple areas, we present the EyeTFDB (https://eyetfdb.databanks.behrc.ir/) web-based platform, a novel platform of curated data. It combines the eye disease-related pathways data from the KEGG and REACTOME and their associated mRNAs. Furthermore, we expanded our mRNAs data by extracting disease-related data from valuable databases like DisGeNET and OMIM.

Despite the high importance of eye diseases and the global need for further research in this area, still, there is no remarkable comprehensive database for transcription factors of eye diseases. Here we integrated multiple heterogeneous datasets from different databases addressing this need. We collected 429 mRNAs from 1258 pathways for 25 types of eye disease. In addition, transcription factors are separated from this considerable amount of data. EyeTFDB user interface is designed to facilitate multiple types of the desired use: (i) the interactive investigations of individual entries on the level of a gene, transcription factor, pathway, eye disease, and (ii) the construction of highly customized datasets using advanced searching and filtering.

The status of eye TFs and their broad interactions could significantly influence eye health. EyeTFDB, as well as other established databases serve as rich resources for assisting the researchers in exploring eye TFs in the elevation of public health. The wealthy information generated from future investigations can be incorporated into EyeTFDB for better serving the eye TF research and exploration efforts.

Keratoconus is a rare genetic eye disease that affects the cornea. It can be passed down from parents to children, and it’s hard to know exactly how many people have it. But scientists are working on finding the mechanism of development and pathology of this disease. So, discovering gene expression panels and the regulator factors could modulate Keratoconus treatment. As these regulatory factors, Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in competition with mRNA can interact with microRNAs (miRNAs), regulating gene expression. However, the roles of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks include lncRNAs, miRNAs, and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) remain unclear in Keratoconus. This study was performed to explore novel regulatory networks in Keratoconus disorder.

The mRNA expression profiles were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Candidates differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to investigate miRNA and mRNA, respectively and construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network through a comprehensive bioinformatics strategy and analysis.

Through analyzing GSE112155 datasets, 1lncRNA, XIST, was identified. 488 miRNAs and twenty-nine mRNA were obtained as XIST targets from databases that deposit experimental data. So, lncRNA-miRNA- mRNA regulatory network was constructed based on the interactions. Through centralities analysis of the network, top 10 hub nodes (CDKN1A, XIAP, MAPK1, XIST, SP1, AR, LARP1, MACC1, PTEN, EGFR) were discovered. Our data showed that among miRNAs, has-mir-2110 plays key connectivity role in this network. Moreover, by preformed pathway analysis, TGF-beta Signaling Pathway was identified.

Our study provides a novel perspective on the regulatory mechanism of Keratoconus involving Competing for endogenous RNA (ceRNA), including lncRNA, miRNAs, and mRNA

Uveal melanoma is the most prevalent melanoma in adults. This malignancy arises from melanocytes. Patients with uveal melanoma were investigated according to their metastases and non-metastases status to propose candidate drugs.

The studied data set included 63 patients (24 females and 39 males), among whom 35 patients were with metastases and 28 patients were without metastases. By comparing the metastases and non-metastases cases, 2000 genes were chosen as practical genes. A co-expression network was constructed, and protein complexes were extracted to find effective gene modules. Then drug-gene networks were constructed to find essential drugs.

The STRING database was utilized to construct a co-expression network. Then, protein complexes were extracted using the MCODE clustering algorithm. Four meaningful modules were chosen for the next step. Afterward, drug-gene subnetworks were constructed and illustrated, and high degree drugs were chosen as effective drugs for this disease.

As a result, 12 important drugs were introduced as the proposed candidate drugs. By detailed investigation of the obtained results, drugs that were not previously reported were introduced as new drugs, which would be studied experimentally in future works. These were Bortezomib, Oprozomib, Clofarabine, ME-344 and NV-128.

Mercury vapor is a harmful agent affecting the nervous, digestive, and immune systems. The visual system may also be affected due to exposure to mercury vapor. The present study aims to investigate the potential effects of mercury vapor on the retina of the workers exposed to this destructive agent using electroretinography.

Twelve male workers aged 25- 45 years exposed to mercury vapor in different related occupations were selected for the present research work. Electroretinography (ERG) was examined for all participants in the case group. Amplitude (μv) and latency (msec) of ERG b wave were measured for all patient group participants; the same procedure was repeated for 12 participants of matched age and sex with the normal retinal condition. The results obtained in the case and control groups were compared to investigate the differences between the two groups using SPSS Version 22.

No statistically significant differences were found in terms of demographic variables, i.e., age, whereas the two groups were significantly different in terms of BCVA. Moreover, a significant difference was found between the two groups regarding amplitude of ERG b wave (P < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were found in terms of latency of ERG b wave between case and control groups (P =0.461).

Results of the present study showed that mercury vapor could affect the retina of workers, which can be measured and diagnosed by the amplitude of ERG, b wave.

Anaphylactic shock is a rare but severe allergic reaction most often caused by an allergy to food, insect bites, or certain medications. Co-amoxiclav is an antibiotic medication used to treat many bacterial infections. In the present work, the authors report an 82-year-old female patient suffering from total blindness after anaphylactic shock after taking the first dose of co-amoxiclav.

Dry eye is a common problem that mainly affects affecting the adult population. In severe cases, it can lead to sterile corneal ulceration and perforation. We report a rare case of severe dry eye in a 50-year-old woman with COVID-19 who that developed after using an oxygen therapy device. Despite the medical history of dry eye, the severity of the disease increased so that it did not respond to bandages contact lenses, antibiotics, and artificial tears without preservatives at two-hour intervals. However, autologous serum improved but blurred vision and severe pain was improved by autologous serum. Awareness of possible ocular complications related to oxygen ventilation is important essential because prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent severe visual consequences. In this clinical case, the timely management prevented a serious eye complication following oxygen therapy.

Cataract disorder is one of the most common vision disorders in the world. As the average age of the world population increases, many people suffer from it in middle and old age. Timely diagnosis can prevent the reduction of vision and eventually loss of sight. Considering the prevalence of Artificial Intelligence algorithms, especially in the medical industry, they could be used for Cataract diagnosis, IOL determination, and PCO diagnosis. According to the studies, the proposed models for Cataract diagnosis are very accurate. These developed algorithms have been able to make access to ophthalmology services easier and reduce treatment costs significantly.