فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 47 (تابستان 1401)

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders that imposes considerable emotional, social and economic burden on the individual and society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on negative spontaneous thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of patients with major depression. The method of the present study is a single case experimental design of multiple baseline types. The statistical population of this study consisted of all patients with major depressive disorder who referred to Hedayat Amin Lantern Counseling Center1998-99 who had an active record. From this statistical population according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, four patients with major depression with Available sampling methods were selected and participated in 3 baseline sessions, 8 sessions of compassion-focused treatment and 3 follow-up sessions. The research instruments are the Holon and Kendall (1980) Negative Spontaneous Thoughts Questionnaire and the dysfunctional attitudes of Wiseman and Beck (1979). Data are analyzed using visual analysis, trend stability change and overlap percentage (PND). According to the statistical results obtained for both variables of negative self-thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes, reduction of mean and mean scores in the intervention stage compared to baseline, 100% PND between treatment position and baseline for all 4 subjects and reduction of PND between The position of intervention and follow-up indicated that CFT was effective on negative spontaneous thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of patients with major depression, but these results significantly reduced the effect of treatment in the intervention phase compared to the baseline and reduced the effect of treatment in the follow-up phase compared to the phase. Demonstrated intervention.

This research has been done to determine the effects of short term group therapy based on the predictive model of social anxiety and compare it with Hofmann's cognitive-behavioral group therapy on social anxiety symptoms in junior high school students. For screening, 210 students who were selected by cluster random sampling completed the LaGreca Social Anxiety Questionnaire. Thirty of them, whose scores were the highest on the LaGreca Social Anxiety Questionnaire, were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (model-based social anxiety group, Hoffman cognitive-behavioral social anxiety group, and control group). Experimental intervention was performed for group 1 (model-based therapy) and group 2 (Hoffman's cognitive-behavioral therapy). Group 3 (control) received no intervention. After six, 90minute, sessions of intervention for groups 1 and 2, all three groups completed the LaGreca Social Anxiety Questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group (P = 0.000). But no significant difference was found between experimental groups in decreasing social anxiety symptoms (p = 0.356). According to the findings of the study, model-based social anxiety group therapy was effective in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety. There was also no difference between the two experimental groups in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety.

This research aims to study the effectiveness of neurofeedback in combining cognitive games on improving cognitive flexibility in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. For this purpose, 20 male students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomaly selected by purposive sampling in two experimental groups and control. The experimental group received neurofeedback training in combination with cognitive games three times a week for 20 one-hour sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention.The research instruments were diagnostic Scale of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Children (Parent Form and Teacher Form, 1960), Wisconsin Card Sorting (1948). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using covariance analysis. Data analysis with analysis of covariance test shows changes in participants' scores from pre-test to post-test. Neurofeedback training in combination with cognitive games has improved cognitive flexibility in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P <0.05). The average effect of 20 sessions of neurofeedback training in combination with cognitive games on improving cognitive flexibility was 31.6%.According to the findings, neurofeedback in combination with cognitive games can improve cognitive flexibility in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of corona anxiety in the relationship between family communication patterns and deficits in executive functioning with tendency to high-risk behaviors. The research method was correlation of the type structural equation modeling. The population of this study included all Undergraduate students Poldokhtar Higher Education Center who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. The statistical sample size was determined based on the rules of thumb Kline equal to 225 people, which was done by available sampling method and online questionnaire. The instruments used in this study were Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, Iranian Adolescents Risk Taking Scale, Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale and Family Communication Patterns. Data analysis was performed using by the SPSS-22, and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that the deficits in executive functioning has a direct relationship on the tendency to high-risk behaviors and an indirect effect on the tendency to high-risk behaviors due to corona anxiety. Conversation orientation had no direct effect on tendency to high-risk behaviors, but had an indirect effect on tendency to high-risk behaviors due to corona anxiety. Conformity orientation had no direct or indirect effect through anxiety on the tendency to high-risk behaviors. In addition, corona anxiety had a direct effect on the tendency to high-risk behaviors. In general, increased deficits in executive functioning and conversation orientation increases corona anxiety, which leads people to use drugs, cigarettes and alcohol to deal with the negative effects of this epidemic and the resulting anxiety.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the New Developed Contrast Avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the Severity of Symptoms Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all women with generalized anxiety disorder in the city of Khorramabad, of whom 45 were selected as available. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. the New Developed treatment Contrast Avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy were held separately In 12 sessions 90-minute and no training was applied to the control group. The instrument of this study was a Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale in which pre-test and post-test participants answered questions A multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the developmental treatment contrast avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improves the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (p <0.01). And the recovery rate is higher than the subjects of the control group (p <0.01). But the two experimental groups did not differ significantly (P <0.05). the New Developed treatment contrast avoidance and Emotion-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improves the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Developmental therapy focuses on the physiological and emotional experience of the client so that the client can experience the emotional contrast, which may be one of the underlying causes of generalized anxiety disorder. The effectiveness of this treatment may also be effective in mental disorders that have an emotional underpinning.

This study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of cognitive self-compassion training on the dimensions of fatigue, self-criticism and emotional avoidance in patients with multiple sclerosis. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up (2 months). Subjects with an age range of 20-40 years and with a scale of physical disability (EDSS) 1 to 5.5 and purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental group (cognitive self-compassion training) and control. Both groups answered Fisk (1994), Thompson & Zuroff (2004) levels of self criticism scale (2004) and Kennedy (2015) Emotional Avoidance Scale in the pre-test-post-test and 2-month follow-up stages. The experimental group received 10 sessions of cognitive self-compassion training once a week for 1.5 hours. The collected data were analyzed using mixed analysis of covariance with repeated measures. The results of covariance analysis mixed with repeated measures showed that cognitive self-compassion training is effective in reducing the dimensions of fatigue, self-criticism and emotional avoidance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also, the effects of the intervention were maintained after 2 months of follow-up on reducing the scores of fatigue, self-criticism and emotional avoidance. Based on the results of this study, cognitive self-compassion training can be used along with drug interventions to reduce fatigue, self-criticism and avoid emotional experiences of multiple sclerosis patients in medical centers.