نشریه فناوری های پیشرفته در بهره وری آب
سال دوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1401)

Scouring is a natural phenomenon that occurs as a result of the erosive action of water flow in alluvial waterways. This phenomenon is considered a serious threat to the stability of structures located in the flow path, such as the foundations of bridges. One of the most important and effective factors in the destruction and failure of bridges is scouring around bridge foundations and supports. Today, with the progress of science and technology, the use of intelligent computer systems for modeling complex and non-linear phenomena has become increasingly important. In this research, using real data, the efficiency of artificial intelligence systems, which include a combination of multilayer perceptron neural network and genetic algorithm, has been investigated. Among the models with different number of hidden neurons, the artificial neural network with three hidden neurons has the least error. Comparing the values ​​of the difference ratio between the proposed neuro-genetic model and the existing common equations shows that the accuracy of the neuro-genetic model has a higher efficiency compared to other equations. The root mean square error in the proposed model was calculated as 0.51, while this value was calculated above 0.89 for the existing experimental equations.

Precipitation is one of the basic components of the water cycle and it is considered as one of the most important input components of the hydrological cycle. In the current research, the accuracy of the Simulated Annealing algorithm based on Support Vector Machine (SVM-SA) was evaluated in the simulation of precipitation changes. In order to verify the results, the precipitation data of the Gorgan synoptic station during the 40-years from 1971 to 2010 were used . Based on the results, using 5 non-precipitation meteorological parameters including cloud cover, maximum temperature, water vapor pressure, maximum relative humidity, and dew point, the values of RMSE, SE and R2 in the training section are equal to 6.02 mm, 0.01 and 0.999, and in the testing section 18.72 mm, 0.03 and 0.925 mm, were calculated respectively. The results showed that the SVM-SA can be highly accurate in simulating precipitation changes in the study area.

Due to the drought in the country and the indiscriminate use of groundwater resources in the agricultural sector, the installation of smart water gauge for optimal use of water wells in the Mahidasht plain seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of smart water gauge among farmers in Mahidasht plain.

In this research, a survey method has been used. 185 farmers were selected using random cluster sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content method and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics analysis was performed with SPSS and AMOS statistical software.

The results of path analysis showed that the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude towards using smart water gauge have a positive and significant effect on the tendency to use meters. The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between contextual factors, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Based on the overall results, farmers' attitudes have had the greatest impact on the willingness to use smart water gauge and thus its acceptance, so it seems necessary to change farmers' attitudes about the role of smart water gauge. To this end, farmers' relationships and interactions with exemplary farmers and agricultural extension and service centers can be effective. The results of the research have confirmed the necessity of using technology acceptance models in introducing water-based technologies to farmers.

Changes in community conditions, population growth, inappropriate and unprincipled use of available water resources and climate change are known as the reasons for the decrease in available water resources in recent years. Hence the need for integrated management of existing water resources is quite obvious. One of the important parameters for sustainable planning and management of water resources is the estimation of river flow. In recent decades and with the increasing development of computer technologies, many rainfall-runoff models have been developed for different purposes, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Simulation is to understand the relationships governing the process of runoff. Simulation is used when the goal is not to involve the main system or the main system is not available. Simulation itself has been a major issue in terms of runoff forecasting and management in hydrological research. One of the most basic topics in hydrological sciences is understanding and recognizing and understanding the processes of production and flow transfer from input to output of the field. It is necessary to generalize through them those votes that do not have a voice, which is not a sign that it's not a sign, and the ideas of the day that this method of influence came into being. The relationship between precipitation and runoff is of great importance in hydrological studies.

IntroductionOne of the most important factors of damage and failure of hydraulic structures is the occurrence of local scouring around them. Scour is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to the flow of water in rivers and streams. If a hydraulic structure such as a bridge pier or abutment is placed against the flow of water, the flow pattern near the structure changes and causes scouring phenomenon locally around these structures.To control scouring around the bridge abutments, various methods have been proposed, which are generally divided into two categories: flow pattern modification methods and bed protection methods. Among the substrate protection methods that have been examined in this research is the use of riprap and vegetation, because riprap and vegetation are both fully available and inexpensive tools for protecting The base and abutment of the bridge are known to be washed away.MethodologyThe experiments were carried out in the hydraulics and water structures research laboratory of the water engineering department of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. In this study, two 90-degree rectangular abutment and a rectangular abutment with circular walls were used, both of which are galvanized and 10 cm long, 45 cm high and 6 cm wide was used (the abutment which is perpendicular to the flow was chosen as the width of the abutment). By conducting a long-term test of 12 hours at a flow rate of 34 liters per second for each of the abuments, the equilibrium time was estimated to be 5 hours.

Remote sensing has been studied by many scientists and engineers today. Ground station data are stationary and there is insufficient data in large areas and difficult areas. But satellite data can be used for all regions. In this study, the precipitation data of four synoptic stations in Gamasiab basin are compared with the precipitation data of CHRIPS, ERA5, PERSIAN_CDR, GPM, GSM, TRMM, TERRA satellites. The results show that although CHRIPS satellite had a lower value of false alarm rate and relative deviation in the probabilistic criteria and PERSIAN and GSM have a higher probability of detection, but considering all the criteria, for Harsin and Kangavar stations, TERRA satellite with higher correlation coefficient and Pierce correlation coefficient and the lower the value in the error criteria and the better probability criteria, had the more accurate the estimate. ERA5 satellite also had the best estimate for Sararud and Songhor stations.This satellite has estimated the maximum precipitation at Sararud and Songhor stations, which was 351.7 and 147.9 mm, respectively, with a decrease of 178 and 155 mm by 49 and 5%, respectively.