مجله دانش تفسیر سیاسی
پیاپی 13 (پاییز 1401)

The goal of countries to conclude contracts and treaties in international relations is to increase national interests and ensure national security. Every country is trying to maximize its security in the international environment. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, abbreviated JCPOA, was the result of 12 years of negotiations between Iran and the West, which was finally finalized in the form of an international agreement. JCPOA can be studied from different angles and based on different theories. This article aims to evaluate the JCPOA based on the theory of deterrence. The question of this article is how the JCPOA can be explained based on the theory of deterrence? The findings show that based on the theory of deterrence, one of the reasons for America's withdrawal and non-removal of sanctions was its weaknesses according to the four principles of deterrence, i.e. credibility, stability, capability and communication.

As the wave of the Arab Spring spread from Tunisia to Egypt and then Libya, the governments fell one after the other. Focusing on Libya, this research tries to look at the reasons for the fall of Muammar Gaddafi after 42 years of rule from the perspective of a fragile state and investigate why Gaddafi was not able to gain the necessary legitimacy from the people. Therefore, the question of this collected research is what factors caused the Libyan revolution in terms of fragile state indicators? The braids show that the three indicators of the fragile state, including the political, economic and social indicators, caused Gaddafi's discriminatory policies, focus on tribalism instead of nationalism, and dictatorship instead of democracy to maintain the survival of his government and fell as a result. The method used in this research is documentary.

The subject of this research is the causal relationship between the USA and international relations theorizing. Thinkers have already done detailed research on the possibility of The USA dominating on the Knowledge of IR. For this reson, in this research, we focus on the mechanism of the USA’s influence on theorizing. By studying the literature of this field, we found various variables, the most important of which are the value-normative system, accepting the role of a committed hegemon, and strengthening the science production process. In this research, we focused on the variable of the normative value system and proved how the USA has been able to influence the theorizing of international relations through this method. In this research, we examined indicators such as individualism and pragmatism that were taken from the political thought of liberalism. We were able to find a good relationship between these indicators and international relation theories. The most important concept that we were able to associate with these indicators is the concept of anarchy in the international system. In general, it was proved that the USA has been able to influence the ontology of international relations through its normative value system.

The findings of the research shows that the United Nations, during its 75-year lifespan, has been able to play an effective role in the performance of governments around the provision of security for the people of the world, especially their Societal security, while laying the groundwork and facilitating the platform for providing services to achieve Societal security., encourage or oblige them to comply with related matters.

The Middle East is a sensitive and strategic region that has been the center of regional disputes and conflicts after the Second World War and especially in the last few decades. One of the main players and an important pole in this region is Iran, which tries to strengthen its deterrence against foreign interventionist powers, especially the United States and its regional allies, by establishing friendship with some actors or countries in the Middle East. - Increase them, especially Israel. Lebanon's Hezbollah is an actor with which Iran's JPA has made a friendship plan and is cooperating with it to achieve this goal. Did Hezbollah analyze Lebanon based on the balance of power theory? With special measures such as strengthening the Shiite identity in the cultural field, striving for a greater share of power in the political field, and optimizing the citizenship status in the social field, Iran has made a significant contribution to the growth and progress and success of the Lebanese Shiites, especially the Hezbollah movement., had. The findings of the research show that if an actor like Hezbollah did not exist alongside Iran in the axis of resistance, Iran would now be in a much tougher and more difficult situation to deal with the threats of Israel, America and its Western allies, as well as He was faced with the conservative countries of his alliance, which are located in the conservative axis. The current research is analytical-descriptive and the method of collecting library-documentary information.

American foreign policy has sought to establish world order and organize security in all parts of the world with the western model and democratization. The realization of this goal provided an excuse to engage in military actions and presence in different regions of the world. In this regard, America attacked Iraq in 2003 for its major presence in the Middle East region. However, the consequences of this attack and the presence of the United States caused this country to become more involved in regional events and developments in the region and seek to create its desired order by spending its own money and policies. This research aims to investigate the role of American policies in the expansion of insecurity in the Middle East region in a descriptive and analytical method and collected with library documents, and seeks to answer the question of how American policies have affected the growth of insecurity and instability of peace in the Middle East region? The hypothesis of the article is that the presence of the United States in the Middle East has caused the growth of terrorism, the growth of violence and war in the shadow of this country's arms trade in the region, the polarization of relations between the countries of the region and the promotion of insecurity for the unquestioning support of regional allies.

The second war between Azerbaijan and Armenia ended in a ceasefire after 44 days in September 2020 with the mediation of Russia. This article deals with the impact of the Karabakh war and the agreement reached on Iran's national interests. With this main question, what effects and consequences did it have for the security and national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran? According to the findings of the article, the disruption of the balance of power in the South Caucasus and the resulting cease-fire agreement have had positive and negative effects on the interests and security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in different dimensions, the most important of which are: the greater role of Russia in the northwestern borders of Iran. The possibility of the geography of the conflict moving away from Iran's borders is Iran's acquisition of bordering lands and reconnection of the relatively long border with Azerbaijan and the like. The most important strategies facing Iran in facing the aforementioned crisis include adopting neutral positions and at the same time playing the role of active mediation to maintain and fulfill Iran's strategic position to the conflicting parties and regional actors. Active presence in newly liberated areas, increasing transportation and transit routes with the Republic of Azerbaijan, especially in newly liberated areas.

was tried to determine the priority and rank of the paradigms of geographical structure, social structure and economic structure in the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society based on Friedman's test. Also, an attempt was made to determine the relationship between age, academic rank with the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society from the point of view of the scientific middle class, based on Spearman's correlation coefficient. The result indicates that the comparison of the average ranks shows that among the three paradigms of geographic structure, social structure and economic structure, the most important paradigm of underdevelopment is 2/99 social structure, 1/55 geographical structure and 1/46 economic structure respectively. Also, the relationship between the value of age and the degree of underdevelopment shows that because the value of the significance level of Spearman's test is reported as 690% and because this value is more than 05% at the error level of 5%, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the value of age and the degree of underdevelopment. does not have. Therefore, our hypothesis is rejected. The relationship between the amount of scientific rank and the level of underdevelopment also showed that because the value of the significance level of the Spearman test was reported as 681% and because this value is more than 05% at the error level of 5%, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the amount of scientific rank and the level of underdevelopment. Does not exist. Therefore, the proposed hypothesis is rejected and not confirmed.