Psychology of Woman Journal
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Summer 2022

The body esteem scale is a 35-item self-report questionnaire prepared to measure a person's beliefs about the body. This questionnaire consists of three sub-scales of sexual attractiveness, concern about weight, and physical condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Body Esteem scale on women.

this research was a correlational study. The statistical population is all Iranian women between the ages of 18 and 50 in 1400. 50 people were selected by the available sampling method and answered questionnaires on body esteem (BES-1986), Rosenberg self-esteem (RSE-1965), and women's sexual excitation and inhibition scale (SES-W-2006). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using the internal consistency method.

The reliability coefficient evaluated by internal consistency was higher than 0.70. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that 3 solution factors had better fitness and the factors included sexual attractiveness, concern about weight, and physical condition. Construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model of the scale has a good fit in Iranian women's society.

Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the body esteem scale has adequate reliability and validity and can be used in research and clinical interventions.

Women are always a source of encouragement and a symbol of patience in the home and families, but in modern society, due to the change of roles in addition to the family, they are also engaged in work and activities in the society, and sometimes due to psychological pressure and a lot of communication with the master. Referrals in the work environment impose a lot of worry and anxiety on them due to the conflict with the coronavirus. Therefore, the current research aimed to predict the anxiety of Corona based on the quality of life and parenting methods of the working women of Arak city. The research is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of this research consists of all the women of Arak city. To select the sample, the availability method was used, and the sample number of 150 working women was selected. The Alipur Corona Virus Anxiety Scale, the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Bamrind Parenting Practices Questionnaire were used to collect data, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression has been done. The research findings showed that the quality of life has a significant negative (inverse) relationship with Corona anxiety, and among parenting styles, authoritarian parenting style has a significant direct relationship with Corona anxiety, and logically decisive parenting style has a significant relationship with Corona anxiety. It has a significant negative relationship, and finally, no significant relationship was observed between permissive parenting style and Corona anxiety. According to the obtained results, quality of life and authoritarian parenting style had the highest predicting power of Corona anxiety. As a result, it is suggested that women and their families should be informed about this issue with proper planning and training to minimize the anxiety of Corona.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of pleasure treatment based on healthy human theory and cognitive-behavioral therapy on rumination and metacognitive beliefs of women involved in emotional divorce in Isfahan. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and 1-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all women involved in emotional divorce who were referred and referred to counseling centers in Isfahan. Of these, 54 were replaced by available sampling in three groups of 18 (two experimental groups and one control group). The course of treatment was the ability to enjoy based on healthy human theory and cognitive-behavioral therapy in 8 sessions (2 hours and 2 times a week), but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments were the Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (Guttman, 1994), the Ruminant Questionnaire (Nolen-Hooksma and Moro, 1991) and the Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (Wells, 1997). To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was performed using SPSS 24 software. The results showed that the treatment of the ability to enjoy based on healthy human theory effectively reduced rumination and metacognitive beliefs in women involved in emotional divorce in the post-test and follow-up phase and its effect remained stable over time (0.05 <p). Also, cognitive-behavioral therapy effectively reduced rumination only in the post-test phase and reduced metacognitive beliefs in the post-test phase and follow-up, and its effect remained stable over time. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the use of pleasure therapy based on healthy human theory and cognitive-behavioral theory is considered as an effective method in the treatment of cognitive problems.

The problems of caring for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can put parents, especially mothers, at risk for mental health problems. Little research evidence on this disorder has addressed the role of parent education and promoting their mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on parental management education on psychological well-being and quality of life of mothers of children with ADHD. The present study is a field experiment with pre-test and post-test design. Thirty mothers of children with ADHD were selected by availability and targeted sampling in one of the treatment centers for these children, and they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. At the beginning and end of the study, the two groups were interviewed and answered the questionnaire on psychological well-being and quality of life. The experimental group came under the intervention based on parental management education for nine sessions, one session per week. The ANCOVA analyses showed that treatment based on parental management training significantly increased the psychological well-being score and the quality of life score of mothers of children with ADHD in the experimental group compared to the control group. It seems that by using treatment based on parental management education and generalizing it to various social contexts, it is possible to improve mothers' management skills to interact and care better for children with ADHD. This improvement can be a potential capacity to increase their psychological well-being and quality of life, which is helpful in everyday life.

This study investigated the structural pattern of life satisfaction based on psychological capital, stress coping skills and communication patterns with the mediating role of self- differentiation. The correlation research design was through structural equation modeling and the statistical population included married women in Tehran in 2022. The sample size of 798 people was selected by cluster random sampling method. The research tools are questioners of Diener's life satisfaction (2005), Luthans' shortened scale of psychological capitals (2007), Billings and Moss's coping skills (1981), Christens and Salawi's shortened scale of communication patterns (1984),  Drake self- differentiation Drake (2011). In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V24 and Smart PLS software were used. The results showed that the model has a good fit. Psychological capital, stress coping skills and communication patterns were able to directly predict life satisfaction and indirectly through the mediation of self- differentiation. Therefore, by using the necessary trainings, it is possible to increase the level of self- differentiation, psychological capital, coping skills and communication patterns between married women, can increase the level of life satisfaction in married women

The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on guilt and attitude towards love in women with complex childhood traumas. This research was semi-experimental in terms of method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study were women who referred to three specialized psychology clinics in 1400-1401 in Tehran. After being screened with shame and guilt scale (SSGS) and love attitude scale (LAS), 30 women who had obtained the desired score were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. were controlled. The experimental group was subjected to therapeutic intervention based on compassion in the form of 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week, and the control group was placed on the waiting list for testing, so that if this intervention is effective, it will be done on them as well.  The data obtained from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed through covariance analysis. The data obtained from the research showed that the treatment based on compassion reduced the feeling of guilt (F=13/27, P=0/002), improved the attitude towards love by increasing romantic love (F=19/76, P=0/001), decrease in romantic love (F=12/78, P=0/01), increase in friendly love (F=92/89, P=0/001), increase in realistic love (F=59/91, P=0/001), decreased extreme love (F=22/12, P=0/01) and increased precious love (F=159/93, P=0/001). Therefore, compassion-based treatment decreased The feeling of guilt and the improvement of the attitude towards love in women are caused by the experience of complex childhood traumas.