نشریه مطالعات مهدوی
پیاپی 53 (پاییز 1400)

In some Hadiths, there are a few aligned phrases describing the era of "the End of Time". The reports of the late Ṣaffār and Kulaynī are such that understanding their exact meanings requires paying more attention to some points. Based on this, in this paper, we will examine and analyze the document, vocabulary, and meanings of this narration, especially the meaning of the word "خاج " (the rising of Imam Mahdi by the will of Allah). According to the chain of transmitters, the mentioned Hadith has two authentic or at least acceptable sources. In addition, some factors such as its repetition in the earlier sources and later books and also the non-contradiction of its content with the Qur'an and the Sunnah, strengthen the certainty of issuing this narration from the side of the infallible Imams.
The present article is written by the descriptive-analytical method and using library resources. Studies have tended to show that the Imams were careful to choose the proper words for conveying the meaning; therefore, the word (خاوج) Arising used in this narration is different from two words Appearance and Uprising, in such a way that the appearance of Imam Mahdi (pbuh), unlike his arising, is a rapid thing. It is also possible to distinguish between the Imam’s appearance and arising (as the divine subject) with his uprising (as a social matter). Another difference is that the word (خاوج) Arising is specifically linked to “divine providence” i.e. the time of Appearance is determined by God’s existential will. Then Allah orders the Imam for the appearance, and this order is an example of God’s legislative will. Based on this, it can be said that both the appearance of the Imam and the time of Appearance will happen only by Allah’s will.

Among the most important strategic principles of any government is to achieve its specific goals by training and developing its forces in order to gain its goals by using the forces for confronting its enemies. The effectiveness of this important principle is highly visible in every two fronts of Right and Wrong. The front of infidelity and falsity, during many years that has been confronting the front of Truth, has always trained its forces by various methods in order to confront the Right front. To know the enemy’s methods of supplying forces can be an opportunity to confront them to neutralize their conspiracies and betrayals. The present article is an attempt to show the methods of the arrogant powers in supplying forces against the Right and Mahdavi forces, so that in addition to knowing their method of training the forces, this method can be used as a defense in the Truth front, and thereby, we witness the strengthening and development of the Right front. Using the descriptive-analytical method and based on the Qur'an and Hadith-texts, this research tries to deal with some of the methods of arrogance’s strengthening and supplying forces (such as subjugation, showing sth farfetched, denying facts, humiliation, disunity).

Analyzing the false claimants of Mahdism and their allegations is one of the main subjects in the discourse of Mahdism. Regarding this, several prestigious works have been compiled by researchers in this field. But since these claims and movements have continued till now and novel claimants are trying to mislead a part of the Islamic community, it is necessary for Muslim researchers to continuously critique these straying movements through their scientific study and a new outlook. The objective of this research is specifically on Ahmad Ismāˈil al-Basri’s view and criticizing his claim about the Imamate of the Twelve Mahdis. Ahmad Ismāˈil has fallen into misunderstanding through some Hadiths like “the Hadith of Twelve Mahdis, the Hadith of Will, and traditions of Thirteen Imams”. The main issue of this research is the examination of the Twelve Imams’ position in Islamic narrative sources. In the present paper, by putting together the Hadiths of the "Twelve Mahdis" after the narrations of “Twelve Imams” and the narrations of “Coming (Rajˈat) the Imams at the End of Time”, his claim will be disallowed, and the conflict between the Hadiths will be eliminated.

Muslim believe that the promised Mahdi (pbuh) is a savior and redeemer who will appear before the Day of Judgment and make the world free from oppression and injustice. Throughout the history of Islam, some liar individuals have claimed that they are the promised Mahdi, and based on this false claim and the distortion of Mahdism, they have caused people’s ideological deviation. There are various criteria to recognize these false claimants, such as social, cultural, political, etc. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way, aims to identify and examine the criteria of the false claimants of Mahdism, and tries to collect the necessary data from various sources. The obtained results from the analysis and combination of these data show that some of the most important criteria for identifying the false claimants of Mahdism are: To feign to be a faithful man and violate it, secular spiritualism, distortion, and forgery and to intersect sources and texts.