نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، زمستان 1400)

There are many ambiguities in determining the shape of a sustainable city and obtaining its indicators. Researchers can choose their desired indicators from a wide range to measure the urban form quantitatively. One of the types of urban forms that has been studied a lot is sprawl. Urban sprawl is in opposition to the Smart Growth Movement, with the aim of guiding urban development towards compactness. The difference of opinions on the two main and conflicting debates about the sustainability of the urban form (compression and sprawl) shows that although the compact city idea has been criticized in some cases, it has finally attracted many ideas. Certainly, in order to achieve sustainability, the future urban form should not act against the principles and rules of the compact city. In this research, by reviewing previous studies regarding different definitions of compactness and urban sprawl, without giving superiority to one of these forms, each of the urban forms and their effects on different aspects has been examined. The research method is analytical and finally, it comes to the conclusion that according to the physical, economic and social conditions of each city, urban compaction should be considered only as a solution to achieve urban sustainability instead of focusing on a specific urban form.

Each historical neighborhood is made up of special characteristics that define its body and may have countless components. In most of the historical cities of Iran, the architecture of the buildings is the same in terms of shape and form, type of decorations, color, and their facade design, which are considered physical factors, and this has been especially effective in creating passages and alleys. With the investigations carried out in the context of Joibare neighborhood of Isfahan as the target of the above research, this neighborhood is the primary core of the city of Isfahan, which was formed due to religious conditions, and its dominant use was a residential and mainly Jewish neighborhood, which has faced a lot of indifference throughout history and with The expansion of the city in the contemporary period of the commercial walls penetrated into its heart and over time it has suffered a lot of deterioration and destruction. Therefore, it is necessary to look for a solution to avoid the problems in this historical urban context by recognizing the physical and functional patterns of the past with the interpolation method. The tool for collecting information (by field method) is through observation in historical context and library studies and based on purposeful sampling method. Investigations showed that the historical texture of Joibareh has numerous characteristics and physical qualities that are rooted in the culture of the people of this neighborhood, and finally, based on the findings, the achievement of this research is presented.

The daylight level in interior spaces of office buildings highly affects productivity, job satisfaction and health condition of employees. Achieving optimal daylight level in office buildings helps reducing various harmful effects artificial lighting which may lead to the well-being of employees and can affect various aspects of the building. Maximizing daylight availability in the interior spaces of office buildings through the use of different glazings and shading systems is one of the most common and effective tools to achieve such goal. It is also important to consider buildings orientation as it is one of the fundamental factors which directly affects how a space receives daylight. By the use of climate-based daylight modeling and examining various shading systems and glazings, the presented study seeks to achieve optimal visual level through maximizing useful daylight illuminance (UDI) in a reference office model for cardinal orientations. To this end, weather data of Isfahan is used as this city represents the climate with high daylight availability. The results show the importance of using the reflective louver (in different configurations according to the orientation). Findings also reveal the very similar effects of clear double glazing and clear triple glazing.

One of the most important topics of the growth, progress and development of societies in the last 4 decades is to pay attention to sustainable development and its three dimensions, economic, social and cultural. By studying the literature of this field, we find out that the role of social factors, manpower and the culture of societies is significant and colorful in this type of development. On the other hand, in the past few years, the idea of creative cities has been a new and interesting topic in urban studies, which emphasizes on improving the environment and improving the quality of life of citizens. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the role of creative cities in the cultural development of societies with a review method and library study of available resources. For this purpose, the components and indicators of cultural development and creative cities were identified by studying documents and extracting data from more than 20 sources and scientific articles. The results showed that the components of "concentration", "diversity" and "mobility" in creative cities lead to the need to create cultural spaces, train and educate human resources, strengthen cultures and increase cultural participation, produce and increase goods and services. Cultural, strengthening of rationalism, development of creative industries, etc. This is while it seems that there is a dialectical relationship between cultural development and the formation of creative cities in such a way that creative cities facilitate cultural development and cultural development causes the emergence and strengthening of creative cities.

In this article, the principles of waste management in oil (drilling) industries are discussed first, which are divided into two general principles of studying and investigating the existing conditions and performing various operations based on the studies. In the first stage, three important factors in the drilling operation, which include the source, volume and type of waste, are examined and according to the results, the type and manner of waste management operations are selected, which is divided into seven stages: reduction, replacement, reuse, reconstruction, recycling, treatment and burial. In the end, this result was obtained by examining the amount of production waste in drilling one of the wells in the south of the country and considering the high cost of drilling fluids, it was concluded that by implementing waste management in the field of drilling fluids, not only can many costs be reduced rather, this work can be very useful in preventing irreparable damage to the environment.

The research method in the research is descriptive-explanatory, which was used to collect information in the form of document and library study, the viewpoints, ideas and definitions related to the research topic were examined, and also by using the field method (questionnaire, observation, interview and field observation). The required data were collected and implemented in SPSS software, then data analysis and hypothesis testing were done according to Spearman's statistical test. The sample size in this research was 120 questionnaires that were randomly distributed in the place using the Cochrane sampling method. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Considering that the value of alpha higher than 0.7 is suitable and desirable and shows the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Therefore, the alpha obtained for the completed questionnaire was 0.73, which is a relatively suitable and desirable coefficient for the current research. Based on the results in the first hypothesis; Spearman's correlation between the brightness-color variable and the beautification of the image and urban landscape of Izeh at a significance level of 0.000 and with 95% confidence it can be said that there is a significant relationship between these variables, the intensity of the relationship between the variables is equal to 0.951, which shows it gives a direct and positive relationship between the variables, i.e. lighting-color is an opportunity to beautify the urban landscape of Izeh. The more attractive the city's lighting and color is, the more effective it is in the city's landscape and the desire of people to live in it and the satisfaction of the residents. In the second hypothesis; Spearman's correlation between the variable of environmental qualities-lighting and the beautification of the image and the urban landscape of Izeh at a significance level of 0.000 and with 95% confidence it can be said that there is a significant relationship between these variables, the intensity of the relationship between the variables is equal to 0.878, which it shows the direct and positive relationship between the variables, that is, the environmental-lighting qualities are an opportunity to beautify the urban landscape of Izeh city. The higher quality of the environment, the greater the desire of residents to live in the region and city. In the third hypothesis; Spearman's correlation between the variable of building body facade and the beautification of the urban landscape of Izeh at a significance level of 0.000 and with 95% confidence it can be said that there is a significant relationship between these variables, the intensity of the relationship between the variables is equal to -0.345, which it shows the inverse relationship of research variables. Therefore, no matter how simple and ordinary the facade of the building is and lacks visual and appearance appeal, this causes damage to the urban landscape and residents' lack of desire and satisfaction with the buildings. In the fourth hypothesis; Spearman's correlation between the color variable of building facade can be a challenge in beautifying the image and urban landscape of Izeh at a significance level of 0.000 and with 95% confidence it can be said that there is a significant relationship between these variables, the intensity of the relationship between the variables is equal to 0.450 - which shows the inverse relationship between the two variables, no matter how much the color of the facade of the building does not match the standards and tastes of the residents and lacks external attractiveness, this is the reason for the dissatisfaction of the residents and the challenge of the urban landscape.