Journal of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Volume:18 Issue: 3, Autumn 2021

In this work, carrier-facilitated transport of Ag+ ion from an aqueous source phase (SP) containing Hg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+ and Co2+ through an against its concentration gradient from aqueous 5 ml (5.0 × 10−4 mol L−1) hydrochloric acid solution across a liquid membrane containing through an organic membrane phase (MP), 10 ml Bis-2,6-dihydroxymethyl-4-haloanisole (DABDAMA) (3.8 × 10−4 mol L−1) solution as a carrier into an aqueous receiving phase (RP), 5 ml Sodium thiocyanate (4.0 × 10−4 mol L−1) solution was the most efficient receiving phase agent among several aqueous reagents tested. Fluxes and selectivities for competitive metal cation transport have been determined in a variety of source solution pH and membrane solvent types. The mobile carrier in chloroform has been investigated. The obtained results showed that the carrier is selective for Ag+ ion. The effect of different experimental conditions that affect the transport efficiency were studied and optimized. In the optimum condition, the transport of an Ag+ ion across the liquid membrane is more than 92% after 2.5 h. The carrier, DABDAMA, selectively and efficiently could able to transport Ag+ ion in the presence of other associated metal ions in binary system.

The dipole moments and polarizabilities in various excited states of o-, m- and p-nitroanilines were estimated using Linder’s variant of Abe solvatochromic model. The ground and excited state dipole moments of these molecules were computed from experimental and theoretical studies using solvatochromic technique and Density Functional Theory (DFT) respectively. The trend observed for the various excited states dipole moments of the o-, m- and p- isomers of nitroaniline follow the order ortho>meta>para.  The excited state polarizabilities obtained for the electronic transitions in each of the compounds are reflective of the oscillator strength f values for these transitions.  Also, the excited singlet-state dipole moments obtained were higher than the calculated ground state dipole moments which shows that the excited singlet-state is more polar than the ground state for all the compounds studied. The effects of solvent manifest in form of enhancement to the electronic intensities. The results of the present analysis show internal consistency and agree reasonably with Abe’s theory.

In this study the residue behavior of toxic insecticide abamectin on surface water with fluorescent chemical sensors because they are non-destructive, the ability to show decomposed concentrations, fast response, and high was investigated. In this research, a chemical sensor was synthesized PbS functionalized with gelatin quantum dots for toxic abamectin. The calibration curve was linear in the range of (0.05 to 10.0 µgL−1). The standard deviation of less than (1.1 %), and detection limits of the method (0.05 µgL−1) in time 60 s, 350 nm were obtained for sensor level response PbS Quantum Dot–Gelatin nanocomposites sensor with (95%), confidence evaluated. The observed outcomes confirmed the suitability recovery and a very low detection limit for measuring the toxic abamectin. The chemical PbS Quantum Dot–Gelatin nanocomposites sensor as excellent sensor in the practical application of toxic abamectin related to residue management is in Water Samples. The method fluorometric can be used as to estimate the appropriate PHIs and can also support authorization of plant protection products as supplementary information.

The applicability of Ricinus Communis functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles synthesis for eliminating dyes from aqueous media has been confirmed. Identical techniques including FT-IR, BET, XRD and SEM has been utilized to characterize this novel material. The investigation showed the applicability of Ricinus Communis functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles as an available, suitable and low-cost adsorbent for proper deletion of Methyl Orange (MO) dye from aqueous media. The pH value of 5.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g, (MO) dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and contact time of 60 min have been considered the optimum values of adsorption onto Ricinus Communis-capeed Fe3O4NPs. Studying the impact of different parameters revealed that the adsorption percentage and the initial (MO) dye concentration have been inversely related while the adsorption percentage and adsorbent dosage have been directly related. It was shown that the adsorption of (MO) dye deletion by adsorbent was at pH 5.0. The Langmuir model got better of other models in describing the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic parameters of free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) of adsorption were determined using isotherms. The fact that the sorption process was exothermic was well reflected by the negative value of (ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo) which on its own expressed the affinity of Ricinus Communis-capeed Fe3O4NPs for deleting (MO) dye. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was observed to be (30.5 mg g-1) for (MO) dye at desired conditions.

Quantum dots are tiny particles of semi-conductors that are easy and cheap to produce and can be used in solar cells to conduct the electrons [1]. The development of this technology has shown much promise not only at converting the sun’s energy more efficiently, but also by doing it in a more cost-effective manner.  Quantum dots have the potential to greatly improve solar technology and make solar energy a more viable option as an energy source. The main objective of the paper is to explain the processes, applications and advantages of quantum dots in solar cells. The cost-effectiveness, versatility and efficiency of the quantum dot technology will be emphasized in this paper. The paper will begin by discussing the need for alternative fuel sources, which will be investigated by evaluating the pros and cons of existing solar technologies. Then it will continue by explaining the technology of quantum dots and their use in solar cells.  It will also explore the advantages and drawbacks of using quantum dots along with the ethical concerns that come with any new technology.

Due to the development of nanotechnology and its expansion in industries such as textiles, agriculture, etc., and considering that nanotechnology increases the speed of reactions and reduces the consumption of chemicals and improves environmental conditions, so in this study nano urea synthesis methods in polyester substrate and preparation methods and properties created in this textile were used as other textiles and geotextiles. In this study, in order to synthesize nano-urea, we first ground samples of urea with the help of a mill and impregnated it on a polyester textile bed. The results show that increasing the concentration and grinding time is effective in the solution removal Increasing the concentration of the solution and increasing the grinding time of the samples have a positive effect on the urea uptake by the product and there is a significant difference between the samples and the dimensional parameters are done using the mill and examined at different times. Prepared with concentrations of 1500-500 ppm and applied it under different conditions on non-woven polyester fabric by pad-dry-cure method and dried at room temperature. Finally, additional FTIR-UV-AA tests and flexural strength tests were performed on the samples. UV and AA tests also show that by reducing the size and concentration of urea, the amount of urea absorbed by the fabric increases and as an agar textile causes urea to remain in the soil longer and tolerate the time of uptake by the plant. Bending of the sample, increasing the concentration in the samples indicates that the thickness of the synthesized urea has increased and due to the amorphous structure of the film, it has increased the flexibility, which is different in the length and width of the fabric, which indicates structural changes. The fabric is nonwoven. The results of FT-IR test of the samples show that the functional groups of the polyester spectrum are somewhat displaced in the presence of urea. Which indicates the binding of NH2 urea groups with polyester fiber, which indicates the reaction between them, and the strength test shows that to the point of rupture and elongation, it was found that increasing the concentration of urea in the process greatly increases the elasticity. And increases the length to the point of rupture to the extent that it shows an improvement of 6-8%, but reduces the tensile strength due to the formation of a fiber bond Conclusion Non-woven polyester textile sample with nano urea synthesis by comparing the absorption wavelength of urea in different concentrations on the non-woven polyester substrate indicates that it leads to a change in the absorption wavelength and urea is placed in the fiber bed and decreases the concentration. The wavelength is closer to the nano range and due to the amorphous structure of the film, it has increased the flexibility, which is different in the length and width of the fabric, which is a sign of structural changes in the nonwovens.