نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 52 (زمستان 1401)

Today's cities are considered as one of the greatest achievements of human culture and civilization in the present era. Looking at the category of urban management from the point of view of justice is one of the most fundamental pillars of urban governance. If social justice is a set of strategies, decisions, laws, behaviors, services, construction measures and social assistance and distribution of opportunities, by urban management (assuming the enjoyment and equal access of citizens), the necessity of realizing justice-oriented urban governance becomes clear. The purpose of the research is to design an urban management model based on justice in the municipalities of Isfahan province.

 a combined method (quantitative and qualitative) was carried out based on the foundational data theory approach, first, a qualitative method was used to count the components of the initial model and a quantitative method was used to determine the validation of the obtained components for the localization and specialization of the model.

 In the open coding phase, 179 primary concepts were extracted. In the axial coding stage, 32 subcategories were classified and finally in the selective coding stage with 5 main categories. The data obtained using the structural equation model and Smart PLS software( version 2 )was analyzed.

 According to the presented model as well as the proposed strategies in this research, the social, economic, citizenship and spiritual behavioral consequences will be realized, which will have the greatest impact on the consequences of citizenship.

Dwelling is a place for human comfort, which should respond to all of his physical, mental, and psychological demands. The importance of flexibility of residential spaces results in building appropriate and desirable spaces that ensure the physical and mental health of human. Since social interactions are decreasing in the new era, its architecture seems to look for spaces that are appropriate for social interactions and correspond to the needs of their residents. In other words, it should be sufficiently flexible, leading to social interaction improvement. Regarding the importance of public spaces in residential complexes, this study intended to show the [importance] of flexibility of such spaces and the paths to flexibility and sociability. It also investigated whether or not the flexibility of public spaces improves dwelling quality.

The assessment of the components of flexibility of public spaces was done using interview and observation, and analysis of their results.

The use of flexibility in residential units, in different stages, provides the possibility of adapting people's residences to their changing needs and specific culture, which can include different potentials for implementing changes. Also, by reducing the side costs of moving and with an optimal and responsive design, it increases productivity and economic savings and increases the useful life of residential buildings. In addition, it can be a solution to reduce confusion in functions, anonymity in form and general disorder of residential units that are designed for undefined audiences.

 Findings of this study suggested that there was a direct relationship between the degrees of flexibility and sociability of public spaces.

The prevailing opinion is that the model of New Urbanism can provide a city with a suitable quality of life. Therefore, the city of Ardabil was studied from the perspective of New Urbanism to propose solutions to solve its problems with the knowledge of the quality level of the region. The aim of this research is to know the executive strategies for improving the quality of the city's environment from the perspective of New Urbanism.

By using the survey method and collecting information through questionnaires, documents, and considering the climatic and biological conditions of Ardabil city, first the priorities of the ten principles of New Urbanism were determined by the AHP method, then by using the SWOT method, the type of dominant strategy was identified as a combination of strengths and opportunities (SO). 67 executive strategies of the SO type were proposed and scored by the votes of 45 experts and finally, three strategies were selected.

Examining the internal and external factors of the city showed that strengths will overcome weaknesses and opportunities will overcome threats. The state of the city in terms of compliance with the principles of New Urbanism is "bad" and is equivalent to a score of 2.288 out of four.

By following the selected executive strategies in the city, it is possible to approach the principles of New Urbanism and provide a city with better livability while preserving the city's identity.

Land reforms have a unique position. Agrarian reforms changed the status of other social classes such as merchants, traders and usurers. What is the most important effect of land reforms on the rural petty bourgeoisie of Kermanshah and Ilam? The answer to this hypothesis is that the rural artisan class was weakened after the land reforms. The reason for this was the entry of urban goods into the village.

The research method is descriptive-analytical with using books, theses and articles. The first-hand sources are legal books and the second-hand sources are current researches and related articles, which have been used in publications and internet and research sites and researches related to the subject of the research.

After analyzing the data obtained from the articles according to the causal conditions, mediating conditions, strategies and consequences of the phenomenon are categorized. These major categories and core categories have been extracted that it’s number of major categories is 22, and the number of major articles is 8, The theme of capitalist pressure, the number of articles 24, the number of major categories, the number of major articles 8, the theme of agricultural mechanization, causal conditions in the process of data analysis,((Commercialization of agriculture)), ((Transition from land ownership)), ((Emergence of modern lord and serf system)), ((Capitalist pressure)), ((Development of urbanization)), ((Oil)), and ((Low efficiency)) were the main categories of causal conditions.

One of the characteristics of the land reform program in Kermanshah and Ilam was the adaptation of the land distribution to the traditional classification of the rural society. In this sense, some rural groups were called the well-to-do bourgeois. After the distribution of land between the farmers and the expansion of the relationship between the urban and rural society, the urban storekeepers became The consumption needs of the villagers were brought to the village and sold. Simultaneously with the growth of the peasant class, the class of rural workers also expanded, and a large part of the villagers who did not own land started working as laborers in other economic sectors. The decrease in the capacity of the agricultural sector in attracting the active forces of the rural community aggravated this problem and increased the number of unemployed people. These forces migrated to the city center and other regions in order to find jobs.

 The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of governance on the quality of residents’ life in smart cities by presenting and evaluating a conceptual model and the case of study is the residents of Shahrdari zone, Mehrshahr, Alborz province.

It is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of nature. Analyzing the data has been done using the structural equations of the statistical population consisting of the residents of Shahrdari zone, Mehshahr, Karaj. The data was collected through a questionnaire - 384 questionnaires were distributed- of which 358 were accepted. It contained 6 variables and 24 items. its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha and also its validity was confirmed using content validity. The data collection method was also through field and library research.

The results show that the variables of responsibility and accountability (0.82), cooperation (0.61), communication (0.60), participation (0.55) and transparency respectively affect the quality of life.

The results show that the path coefficient is significant with the quality of life among all other variables. In other words, all indicators affect the quality of life, and other indicators can be called transparency, cooperation, participation, responsibility and accountability, and communication.

designing urban spaces for children is to create social environments for children. This research explains the role of urban spaces in promoting the child with the environment and seeks to find components in the urban space that will accompany the child's education.

This research is a descriptive analysis based on analytical content and a survey method was used to achieve research findings and a sense of attachment was obtained by comparative comparison between the characteristics of the study samples and content analysis.

In this research, a suitable space with the desired physical parameters and the preparation of targeted checklists were considered to measure children's behavior, which were analyzed according to the attitude of experts and the information obtained from Spss22 software and statistical tests. Then, using the chi-square method, a research model was developed based on the relationships between the variables.

The results of the research show that the most important factors influencing the increase of children's creativity are creating opportunities for positive social interactions of children in the environment, creating a space to display individual competencies in interacting with the environment, creating a sense of attachment to the environment, teaching care for the environment, Creating flexible paths for imagination and creativity, safety and comfort in the play space as tools for education and creativity in children, which should be considered by urban managers, designers and architects in the design of children's urban spaces.

The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the will and participation of this group of individuals in the development of sports venues and promote related per capita. For this purpose, the components identified in the two provinces of Golestan and Tehran was compared and comparatively comparable.

The present study is a type of applied research and a descriptive-surrounding data collection. Key points were used to identify effective factors based on the foundation's data strategy and coding. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section of the research included experts and specialists in the field of sports management. The FAHP technique was used to weight and prioritize components.

A total of 112 initial codes were extracted from a total of 16 interviews, which were reduced to 13 subs -categories during the coding process, and finally 6 main categories were extracted on the basis of secondary open codes. In Golestan province, the "economic factors" category of 0.54884 had the highest importance and the "development" of 0.05222 had the lowest priority. On the other hand, the results for Tehran province showed that the category of "economic factors" weighing 0.72314 has the highest degree of importance and the "trusting" category of 0.06652 has the lowest priority. The important point is that in all two provinces that have the highest weight, the "economic conditions" are "economic conditions".

In order to expand the qualitative and qualitative expansion of the charity culture in the community and to use the benefits and capabilities of the charity and encourage them to meet the sports needs of the community in different regions of the country, as well as guide and organize the charity's financial and specialized assistance, it is necessary to make a definite mechanism, Predict and adopt.

Introduction and purpose of the research:

 Compliance with safety considerations is considered as one of the most important principles of managing sports venues and spaces. The purpose of this research is to evaluate sports safety indicators in urban parks in Tehran.

The present research is of the type of applied research and in terms of the method of data collection, it is descriptive-survey. Five parks were selected as study sites. Eduard & Nikolay (2014) adjusted assessment checklist was used to determine the safety status in the sports spaces of the studied parks. In order to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation, 8 experts and safety experts participated as a Delphi panel. Finally, 25 indicators were considered for evaluation. The average score is declared as the final result.

In total, the index "possibility of presence of ambulance and rescue equipment in the sports field" has the highest rank with an average score of 3.4. On the other hand, the lowest average score in the total number of parks was assigned to 2 indicators "the presence of a fire alarm system in the sports arena" and "the presence of a permanent paramedic or a resident doctor" with a score of 1. Lavizan Park ranked first with an average score of 2.6, followed by Yas Park with an average score of 2.28. Police, Sepah and Sahel parks were ranked third to fifth with an average score of 2.27, 2.01 and 1.87 respectively.

The parks of District 4 of Tehran municipality do not have a favorable sports safety status and it is necessary for the urban administration of Tehran and especially the studied area to pay special attention to improving the safety level in them.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of innovative behavior on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city. The method used in this research was a descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose and from the field branch. The statistical population studied was the customers of Snowa refrigerator in the city of Arak, whose number is one of the unlimited communities. Using Cochran's sample size formula, 384 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In this research, the standard questionnaires of Kanter's innovative behavior (1988), Hersey and Goldsmith's organizational performance (1981), Abbasi's customer relationship management (2008) and Lee et al.'s competitive advantage (2006) were used. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha was calculated, which indicated the satisfactory reliability of the questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum score, and structural equations were used in the inferential statistics section using SPSS version 21 and PLS3 software. The results indicate that innovative behavior has a positive and direct effect on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city.