نشریه آموزش و مدیریت کارآفرینی
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1401)

Promotion of entrepreneurship fields as one of the most important factors of economic development has received more attention from various elements of society. One of the most important measures to develop entrepreneurship among young people is entrepreneurship education in universities. Therefore, this article is written with the aim of investigating and comparing the impact of entrepreneurship training provided by universities as well as the impact of the entrepreneurial and social identity of the students of the Technical and Vocational University on their entrepreneurial intention with regard to the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The measurement tool in this study was a questionnaire that, after verifying its validity and reliability, was given to all students of the Technical and Vocational University of Urmia who had passed the entrepreneurship course in their set of courses. The results of the statistical analysis of 276 questionnaires using SPSS23 and Smart PLS3 software and the structural equation analysis-partial least squares method indicated that the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of students has a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial identity and entrepreneurial intention. However, entrepreneurial education has not been able to, directly or indirectly, have a meaningful relationship with the development of entrepreneurial intentions of students. To make entrepreneurship education more efficient, it is recommended that the Technical and Vocational University considers the connection between such education and individual characteristics, including the social identity of entrepreneurship in students.

Various evidence indicates that the analysis of the experiences of rural entrepreneurs can lead to the formation of a fundamental attitude, the examination of the existing shortcomings and challenges, the correction of the limitations ahead, the development of the future path, and ultimately, the improvement of the productivity of small enterprises. Therefore, the current study was conducted using the descriptive phenomenology method and with the aim of identifying the challenges of developing agricultural and rural entrepreneurship in the central district of Jiroft County. In this research, the Colaizzi method is used to extract meanings and concepts. Direct observations and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The participants included leading entrepreneurs in the agricultural and rural areas of the central part of Jiroft County. Using purposeful snowball sampling, 10 participants were interviewed until reaching data saturation and the usefulness threshold of available information. Results revealed that the challenges of agricultural entrepreneurship development in rural areas were categorized into seven clusters: economic challenges, policy-making and programming, support, educational and communicative challenges, infrastructural challenges, cultural challenges, and personal-psychological challenges. Among them, the main challenges were a closed economy, centralized planning, international developments, instability in input prices and product sales, levying heavy taxes on businesses, shipping costs, lack of capital and liquidity, bank interest rate, and lack of trust in investment in the agricultural and rural sector. In the end, operational solutions were presented to control and adjust the challenges.

The aim of the current research is to study the feasibility of building a tourism complex with an emphasis on entrepreneurship development in the Shian Dam of Eslam Abad Gharb. This research is quantitative in terms of approach, applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of 1100 people including 500 tourists and 600 residents of Shian Castle village. The sampling method for the native community was simple random sampling and for tourists was accidental sampling. Based on Cochran's formula, 284 people were selected as the sample size. The results of the factor analysis showed that the development of tourism in Shian Dam from the feasibility point of view was categorized into 5 factors including "attraction", "satisfaction", "inclination", "information", and "services and infrastructure", and the factor "inclination" was identified as the most important indicator in tourism development from the feasibility viewpoint, in which the act of renting houses and villas to tourists in cities and villages has been prioritized. Furthermore, tourism variables in the entrepreneurship sector were categorized into four factors including "income", "employment", "land price", and "investment". The factor employment was identified as the most important factor, and investment to improve the quality of tourism services in order to attract more tourists had the highest priority. The results of the Spearman test showed that there is a significant relationship between the construction of a tourism complex and the development of employment and entrepreneurship. Also, the regression results show that the construction of a tourism complex leads to the development of employment and entrepreneurship in the region. This research provides policymakers and planners with practical suggestions.

According to the literature, psychological factors play an important role in explaining entrepreneurial outcomes, but the impact of these factors on rural businesses has received less attention. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between two factors of psychological well-being, namely work burnout and engagement, and the performance of rural businesses in Nahavand county. The statistical population of this research consisted of all rural entrepreneurs in Nahavand county (N = 200), among whom 110 people were selected as the sample using a convenience sampling method. Research data were collected through a questionnaire, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data in SmartPLS 3.0 statistical software. The results indicated that work burnout was not directly related to business performance. However, indirectly, it has a negative relationship with business performance via work engagement. In other words, work burnout reduces entrepreneurs’ work engagement, and the reduction in work engagement, in turn, leads to a decrease in the performance of rural businesses. This finding improves our understanding of how psychological factors influence entrepreneurial outcomes and suggests that entrepreneurs can increase their business performance by improving their work well-being.

Contrary to the standard approach of classical economics, many studies show that all people somewhat engage in wrongdoing and break the law in order to gain profit as long as their self-image is not affected. The current study, which is a branch of this new psychological view on breaking the law, using two tests, identifies and examines the factors affecting the possibility of breaking the law among people. In the first test, the relationship between the amount of legal restrictions and the amount of participation in price manipulation was investigated on an international sample including 347 cryptocurrency traders. In the second test, the relationship between the probability of breaking the law in one field and the probability of breaking the law in another field was investigated on a sample of 189 entrepreneurs. According to the results of the current study, breaking the law in one field can make people more indifferent to all laws. In addition, the increase in legal restrictions can make people more indifferent to laws, which itself reduces the amount of attention to the law. Among other factors affecting the probability of breaking the law, one can refer to the person's understanding of the extent of breaking the law among others. The more someone estimates the amount of law-breaking by their peers in similar circumstances, the more they will break the law. This study provides policymakers and planners with practical suggestions.

The general purpose of this study was to identify the opportunities for setting up entrepreneurial service businesses in Masjed Soleyman Township. To achieve this goal, the qualitative paradigm and the Delphi method were used. The community studied in this research included experienced entrepreneurs, specialists, pundits, and other experts in the fields of service entrepreneurship in Masjed Solyman Township, from which 21 were selected as members of the Delphi panel using the snowball sampling method. In this study, after three rounds of investigation, a consensus was reached regarding the opportunities for starting entrepreneurial businesses. The main research tool in the first round of the Delphi study was a questionnaire with open-ended questions and in the second and third rounds, a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. In the first round, the data were analyzed using the continuous comparison method. In the second round, data analysis was done by drawing the frequency distribution table (percentage and cumulative percentage) using SPSS software version 27. In the third round, data analysis was done by drawing the frequency distribution table (percentage and cumulative percentage) and calculating the percentage of agreement (CVI) and Kendall agreement coefficient. In addition, the mean and standard deviation were used to prioritize the types of opportunities for setting up entrepreneurial service businesses. According to the results, the most important opportunities for starting entrepreneurial service businesses in Masjed Soleyman Township include "packaging of livestock products such as curd and other similar products"; "packaging of various medicinal plants"; "cold storage of agricultural and food products"; "production, packaging, and distribution of local bread"; and "honey packaging". This study provides policymakers and planners with practical suggestions.