Psychology of Woman Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Spring 2023

Generation Z is a generation of teenagers and young people who were born and grew up during the pandemic of social networks. This generation under the influence of these technologies has many differences with previous generations. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the causes and factors of the difference between the generation girls and the previous generations in Iran from the social psychology perspective. The current research was qualitative research using grounded theory. For this purpose, a part of the qualitative data from the existing research was used. In addition, in order to collect data through semi-structured interviews, the population of this study was divided into two categories. The first group were experts in this field and the second group was also formed by Generation Z people of Tehran. Then, 6 experts and 23 teenagers were interviewed using available sampling method and based on opinion saturation. From the analysis and analysis of qualitative data, 3 selection codes, 9 core codes and 38 open codes were obtained, divided into three core categories, 9 core categories and 38 components. It was categorized. The results showed that the causes and factors of the difference between the girls of the next generation and the previous generations are in three main categories: 1) environmental causes, 2) cultural disjunction and 3) individual and internal factors are replaced.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on aggression, loneliness and emotional divorce in married women who are dependent on cyberspace. The research method was a semi-experimental type of pre-test - post-test with a control group. The statistical population is all married women related to cyberspace who referred to counseling centers in the east of Tehran in 2022. There are 36 people from the statistical population based on Morgan's table, available online selection. They were replaced randomly in two groups of 18 people, experimental and control. In order to collect data, Young's Internet Addiction Scale Questionnaire, Bass and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (1992), Russell, Pilova and Cortona's Loneliness Questionnaire (1980) and John Gottman's Emotional Divorce Scale were used. The subjects of the experimental group received 8 sessions of 120 minutes of reality therapy intervention with a time interval of one session per week for two months. The control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed with spss software and analysis of covariance. The results showed that reality therapy the variable of aggressiveness, feelings of loneliness and emotional divorce in the experimental group compared to the control group had a significant effect (p < 0.05). The results of this research showed that reality therapy can be effective on aggression, loneliness and emotional divorce in married women dependent on virtual space

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the psychotherapeutic approach, relaxation and relaxation in reducing the physical symptoms of migraine headaches and increasing the quality of life of military spouses suffering from migraine in 1401 in Tehran. In order to achieve this goal, the statistical population that included women, referring to Hazrat Siddiqa Zahra Hospital located in Tehran, was used. The research plan is a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group, the sample size of which is 34 people (17 experimental people and 17 control people) by random sampling method and available. The number of meetings held was 8 and once a week in the desired center. Two questionnaires of quality of life and physical symptoms were used to collect data, and multivariate covariance analysis was used for statistical analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of physical symptoms and quality of life of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test (P<0.01). The results showed that physical, mental, social health, surrounding environment and quality of life have increased and physical symptoms have decreased. Based on the obtained results, the relaxation approach can be used as an effective treatment in reducing migraine headaches in women suffering from this disease

This research aims to describe, analyze and synthesize the factors related to violence against women during the Corona epidemic. The method of this research is meta-analysis. The statistical population of the present study was composed of written documents including dissertations, researches and articles published in scientific research journals in recent years on the issue of factors related to violence against women in the era of Corona. Among the published works available in the database of collectors and unpublished works of the reference section of the library of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Tehran and Urmia universities, 26 documents in 51 research factors were selected. The information collected from each of the documents and studies were analyzed using CMA-2 and SPSS 22 software. The findings of the research showed that the value of the chi-square index was 0.061 and the effect size value was calculated at 0.403 in the fixed model, and the analysis of these studies identified 44 influencing factors and their effects were evaluated as significant. All the mentioned values have been evaluated at the 95% confidence level.

The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between lifestyle and tendency to control weight and the quality of marital relationships in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

The method of this study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population includes all women who referred to health centers in Ardabil in 1400 using a sample of 300 people (150 pregnant women and 150 non-pregnant women) as a sample. Were chosen. Data collection tools included Marital Quality Scale of Basby et al. (1995), Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) and Diet Following Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression tests.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between different types of health-oriented lifestyles with a tendency to weight control and dimensions of marital quality and regression analysis also showed that the dimensions of lifestyles can be a positive and significant predictor of a tendency to control Weight and dimensions have the quality of marital relationships. Also, comparing lifestyle relationships with the tendency to control weight and the quality of marital relationships in pregnant and non-pregnant women showed that the intensity of relationships is in favor of non-pregnant women.

Considering the importance of pregnancy and the special conditions of this period, the attention of pregnant women to physical activity, nutrition and spiritual health will control weight and increase the quality of life during pregnancy.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between marital commitment and marital satisfaction with self-conscious emotions and self-coherence. A descriptive correlation design was adopted.  The sample consist of 160 married female students aged 20 to 65 years studying in Islamic Azad University in Tehran, who were selected by available method.Data collection tools included the Marital Commitment Questionnaire(MCQ), the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction(EMS)Scale, the Test of Self-Conscious Affect(TOSCA) and the Sense of Coherence Scale(SOC). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient tests and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the self-conscious emotion of shame has a significant negative relationship with marital commitment and marital satisfaction of married women(p<0.01), while the self-conscious emotion of guilt and self-coherence had a significant positive relationship with marital commitment and marital satisfaction of married women (p<0.01). Also, the self-conscious emotion of shame(p<0.05)and self-coherence (p<0.01) have the ability to predict the marital commitment of married women, but the self-conscious emotion of guilt did not contribute to the prediction of marital commitment of married women(p>0.05). In addition, the self-conscious emotions of shame(p<0.01)and guilt(p<0.05)and self-coherence(p<0.01)were predictors of married women's marital satisfaction. In total, self-conscious emotions and self-coherence were able to explain 25% of the changes in marital commitment and 34% of the changes in marital satisfaction of married women. As a result, feelings of shame and guilt as self-conscious emotions of married women and their psychological coherence to adapt and improve themselves in married life can predict their marital commitment and marital satisfaction.

Insufficient supervision of children by families and lack of care and guidance in leisure and unemployment, lack of healthy equipment and recreation and sports and lack of proper education, lack of superficial knowledge of people about the dangers of drugs, lack of love, nervous pain, discomfort Physically, failures are important causes of addiction. This study was done aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-dimensional spiritual-religious psychotherapy on mental distress and resiliency of addicted women under remedy in Bandar Abbas City. This study's design was semi-experimental as a pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all addicted women under remedy in Bandar Abbas City in 2019. The study sample consisted of 29 women (14 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) who were randomly selected from women referred to counseling centers in Bandar Abbas and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups members of the experimental group underwent multidimensional spiritual-religious psychotherapy. For collection data was used from Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data Analyzing was conducted with one-way MANCOVA and SPSS-22. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in mental distress (F= 12/50, p< 0.05) and resiliency (F= 4.61, p< 0.05). According to the findings of this study, multidimensional spiritual-religious psychotherapy is an effective method in improving the mental disorder and resilience of addicted women under treatment and can be recognized as one of the effective variables in the field of psychotherapy.

Domestic violence against women by their spouses is a serious violation of human rights and a public health concern, recognized by the World Health Organization as a hidden global epidemic. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of integration of emotion regulation therapy and compassion therapy on the mental well-being of women who have experienced domestic violence. The current research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The target population of the current study was all women aged 20 to 40 affected by domestic violence who referred to psychological and counseling clinics and legal medical centers in Mashhad. 20 people were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups. and control were divided. Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) mental well-being questionnaire was used to collect data. The intervention experimental group received emotion-oriented integrated therapy based on compassion in 10 sessions of 60 minutes. Finally, the research data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The findings of the research showed that the combination of emotion regulation therapy and compassion therapy has increased mental well-being in women who have experienced domestic violence. Based on the findings of the research, taking into account the important role of women in society and family and the need to pay attention to their mental health, it is necessary to hold training workshops in the field of compassion therapy and emotion regulation therapy in counseling and rehabilitation centers.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on happiness, mental health and quality of life of mothers with autistic children. The statistical population of this research consists of 30 people (15 people each in the experimental and control groups) who were selected by available random sampling and then randomly in two experimental groups (treatment based on acceptance and commitment) and the control group. were assigned It was a pre-test-post-test research with a control group, and both groups were pre-tested based on the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Mental Health Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the experimental groups were exposed to independent variables in 8 90-minute sessions (treatment based on on acceptance and commitment). Then, both groups were given a post-test and a follow-up was done one month later, and multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results obtained at a significance level of 0.05 showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment in the subjects of the experimental group compared to the average of the control group, increased happiness, mental health and quality of life in the experimental group, and the follow-up results showed that that the differences in the follow-up scores of happiness, mental health and quality of life are related to the continuation of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (group membership). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment has an impact on the mental health, happiness and quality of life of mothers with autistic children.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between boredom, internalized shame and metacognitive beliefs on emotional regulation in women affected by marital infidelity. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all women who were betrayed in Tehran province in 1401. 242 were selected by snowball sampling method. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires by Garnefsky, Kraaij and Spinhaven (2001), metacognitive beliefs of Wells (1997), Marital Disillusionment by Pines (1966) and internalized shame by Hacock (1993) were used to collect information. The data were analyzed with SPSS-22 software. Their findings showed that there is a significant relationship between internalized shame and metacognitive belief and fear with emotional regulation. The obtained results show that betrayed women express their positive emotions less and express positive emotions less often. Various factors are involved in controlling their feelings and emotions, which requires more consideration in examining these factors to help this vulnerable group.

 Iranian culture has always been mixed with Persian poetry and literature. Poetry therapy is also considered one of the complementary methods of psychotherapy. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group poetry therapy of Mazza's multidimensional model (based on Shahnameh Ferdowsi's romantic debates) on Response to Intrusions, automatic thoughts, and affect balance in female students with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

 The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population included all students living in the dormitory of Farhangian University of Ardabil, and from this population, during three stages, 20 participants with premenstrual dysphoric disorder were selected as samples in two experimental and control groups. Measures including the Response to Intrusions Questionnaire, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Affect Balance Scale were performed on both groups, and the poetry therapy protocol based on Shahnameh Ferdowsi's romantic debates was performed on the experimental group.

 The findings showed that after controlling the effects of the pre-test, the experimental group had a significant improvement in each of the factors of negative interpretation (F= 40.990, p<0.01), rumination (F=23.367, p<0.01), suppression (F=13.753, p<0.01), distress (F=16.924, p<0.01), automatic thoughts (F=28.874, p<0.01), positive affect balance (F=13.892, p<0.01) and negative affect balance (F=55.887, p<0.01).

 Based on findings, Ferdowsi's romantic debates in the context of group therapy can lead to a reduction of PMDD symptoms by launching positive therapeutic components such as catharsis and empathy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the marital adjustment model based on the factors of marital intimacy, self-compassion and job satisfaction. The research design was a correlation of component-based structural equation modeling.

The statistical population was all married female teachers of high schools in Khorramabad city in 2021 -2022. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster sampling in which 100 married female teachers responded to the scales of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). In order to analyze the data, SPSS 23 software was used for descriptive statistics, and PLS software was used to evaluate the model's fit.

The research findings showed that the model has a high fit and that the predictive power of the model is appropriate. Among the variables, marital intimacy, with a factor loading of 0.68, has the greatest impact on marital adjustment, and the variables of self-compassion and job satisfaction, with factor loadings of 0.165 and 0.160, are in the second and third positions, respectively.

The results showed that self-learning variables marital intimacy and job satisfaction positively and significantly affect marital adjustment.

Violence against women is a severe mental health problem. Much research has been done separately on the perception of risk, socioeconomic status (SES), and coping strategies of women who are victims of domestic violence. This study aims to investigate how women's risk perception and socioeconomic status affect their choice of coping strategies and to compare women who are victims of violence with women who have not experienced domestic violence.

The statistical population is married women in Iran, 312 women were selected as a sample through random sampling. To measure the variables, four questionnaires were used: Ghodratnama's Socioeconomic Status (SES), Haj-Yahia's Questionnaire of Violence Against Women, Benthin Risk Perception Scale, and Jalowiec Coping Scale. After the data collection stage, the relationship between the variables was analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson's correlation and linear regression.

In women victims of violence, risk perception was significantly related to fatalistic and palliative strategies, and SES was significantly related to evasive strategy (p<0.05). In women who were not subjected to domestic violence, risk perception had a significant relationship with optimistic, fatalistic, and emotive strategies (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient between risk perception and fatalistic and emotive strategy was very weak and can be ignored.

The present study showed that the perception of risk affects the fatalistic and palliative coping strategies of women who are victims of violence, and their low socioeconomic status leads to more use of passive strategies such as evasive. And women who have not experienced domestic violence, the less they see themselves in danger of violence, the more they will use optimistic strategies.

Numerous studies indicate the existence of fears, tensions, legal conflicts and traumatic interpersonal relationships and their subsequent low quality of life in patients with borderline personality. The purpose of this research was to compare the ways of dealing with marital disputes and the communication pattern of couples in married women with and without borderline personality.

The current research was a causal-comparative study and the participants were selecting by random available sampling method in Qom city in 2018, including 100 subjects and 50 individuals for each group, and among them, Leichsenring’s borderline personality questionnaire (1999), Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2, 2004) and Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ, 1984) were distributed. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software and univariate analysis of variance.

There was a significant difference between the marital discord scales and couples' communication patterns in women with and without borderline personality, with 99% confidence. Based on the obtained data, the components of the scale of marital disputes (injury, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical violence, mental violence) and the scale of couples' communication patterns in women with and without borderline personality, showed more than 47% of the effect, in women with and without borderline personality.

The results showed that self-learning variables marital intimacy and job satisfaction positively and significantly affect marital adjustment.

This research aimed to measure the effectiveness of the transactional analysis on women's quality of life and marital dissatisfaction of divorced women in Kashan City.

This research was applied in terms of purpose, and its method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the research included all divorced women of Kashan City. Thirty divorced women from Kashan City, 15 (experimental group) and 15 (control group) were selected as the sample size. The data collection tool was Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaire (1996) and Var and Sherbon Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS26 software was used to analyze the research data.

TA significantly affected the experimental group's quality of life (physical function, social function, physical role-playing, emotional role-playing, mental health, vitality, physical pain, and general health) and marital burnout (physical fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and psychological exhaustion).

The research showed that TA increases the quality of life and reduces the marital dissatisfaction of divorced women in Kashan City.