Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Missed nursing care (MNC) is experienced in nearly all healthcare facilities. Awareness of the aspects involved in the MNC can improve the quality of patient care. The objective of this systematic review is to provide insights into the factors that contribute to the occurrence of MNC.

The review will adhere to the 2020 preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement and includes studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2012 to 2022. The databases used in the literature search include ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, PubMed, ProQuest, and the Wiley Online Library. The eligibility criteria were determined based on population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study (PICOS) guidelines. To evaluate the quality of the studies, the NIH quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies was employed, while the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Three authors independently performed data extraction using qualitative analysis and reached a final agreement.

A total of 3611 articles were found in the database search. After removing duplicates and ineligible articles, review studies, case reports, letters to editors, incomplete texts, dissertations, and book chapters, 16 articles were finally eligible for further analysis. In general, there were three categories of factors related to MNC, including labor resources (workload, staff adequacy, staff characteristics, nurse-patient ratio, shift work, and nurse job satisfaction), material sources (work environment, personal protective equipment, patient care equipment), and teamwork and communication (communication within nursing team, and communication with medical staff). The most common influencing factor seemed to be staffing adequacy. 

The role of healthcare service management and leadership is central to mitigating the factors contributing to MNCs’ emergence, especially labor resources. Meta-analytic studies are needed to find the most influential factors of MNC based on the results of all available studies.

Self-care is an important concept in controlling COVID-19 disease and a simple and effective way to maintain and improve health. This study aimed to examine the role of general health and health literacy in predicting the self-care behaviors of patients with COVID-19.

This research was a cross-sectional study with a predictive correlational design. The sample consisted of 385 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection referring to the COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment center in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan City, Iran, from June to September 2021. The subjects were under quarantine at home and were recruited by convenience sampling. The data were collected by the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Iranian health literacy questionnaire (IHLQ), and a researcher-made questionnaire on self-care behaviors in patients with COVID-19 (SCB-COVID-19). The Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, and logistic regression were used for data analysis in SPSS software, version 19. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

The Mean±SD scores of self-care behaviors, health literacy, and general health of the subjects were 224.89±21.49, 63.78±21.28, and 50.99±12.81, respectively. There were significant relationships between self-care behaviors and health literacy (r=0.567, P=0.001) and self-care behaviors and general health (r=235, P=0.001). Logistic regression showed that about 42% of self-care behaviors score changes are explained by health literacy and general health variables (R2=0.42)

The results showed that self-care behaviors score changes are explained by health literacy and general health in COVID-19 patients. Our results can integrate into the body of knowledge to help improve the health and well-being of populations in the COVID-19 outbreak.

Like other countries in the world, Iran is facing the problem of a shortage of nurses. Meanwhile, many Iranian nurses migrate to other countries every year. The present study aims to assess the relationships between migration intention, workload, and a healthy work environment for nurses.

This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2020 using a proportional stratified sampling of 360 nurses working in the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) teaching hospitals. The study data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the nurses’ intention to migrate questionnaire, the NASA task load index, and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Healthy Work Environment Assessment. In this study, we used the independent t-test, analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation coefficient for data analysis at a significance level of <0.05 in SPSS software, version 16.

The Mean±SD intention to migrate score was 65.59±33.51. A weak but significant positive correlation existed between the intention to migrate and workload (r=0.166, P=0.002). There was an inverse and weak relationship between the intention to migrate and a healthy work environment (r=-0.160, P=0.002). There was also a significant relationship between the intention of nurses to migrate and their work experience (P=0.048) and employment status (P=0.001).

The prevention of nurses’ migration must be investigated thoroughly to determine the reasons. But according to the results of this study, providing a healthy work environment and maintaining the current workforce by providing the indicators desired by nurses may partly prevent excessive migration of nurses.

Although patients with diabetes have common problems, their educational needs may differ, and they have the right to participate in planning and implementing individual or group healthcare programs. Because there are no proper care interventions for diabetic patients in Indonesia, this study evaluated the efficacy of a tailored care intervention program on some blood biochemical outcomes among Indonesian patients with diabetes. 

We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a pre-test-post-test design. We recruited 163 diabetic patients referred to Moyo Hilir and Moyo Hulu primary healthcare facilities in Sumbawa City, Indonesia, from January to April 2021. The subjects were randomly assigned to either intervention (n=80) or control (n=83) groups. The intervention group received a tailored care intervention program with 7 elements implemented through four stages: 1) brief deductive teaching, 2) self-management assessment, 3) brainstorming and support group, and 4) Follow-up. The control group received routine education. The study data were collected at baseline and three months after the intervention. The outcome measures were blood glucose levels, cholesterol, triglyceride, and triglyceride glucose index. IBM SPSS software, version 20 was used for statistical analysis. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive (frequency distributions, percentages, Mean±SD) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test). The significance level was set at P<0.05. 

According to the independent t-test, there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels of the groups before and after the intervention. There were also no significant differences in the groups’ cholesterol, triglyceride, and triglyceride glucose index before the intervention, but significant differences were seen after the intervention (P=0.000). However, the significance moved in a negative direction. According to paired t-test, blood glucose level, triglyceride, and triglyceride glucose index increased in the control group but decreased in the intervention group, although it was not significant. On the other hand, cholesterol levels increased in both intervention and control groups, which was not significant.

Although no significant findings were obtained, the glucose level, triglyceride, and glucose triglyceride index values of the intervention group were better than the control group, but not in terms of cholesterol level. Tailored care intervention programs can improve biochemical indicators, especially for blood glucose levels, triglycerides, and triglyceride glucose index; however, it seems that a follow-up study beyond three months is needed to be performed in the future.

Infertility and its treatment, as one of the most difficult experiences in life, affects the mental health and happiness of couples, especially women. This study compared the happiness of infertile women and the wives of infertile men.

This research was a comparative cross-sectional study. The study sample included 142 women (71 infertile women and 71 wives of infertile men) referring to the infertility clinic of Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, selected by consecutive sampling from February to August 2020. Demographic information and the Oxford happiness inventory (OHI) were used to collect the data. The data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16 using the Fisher exact-test, Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and independent t-test. A P<0.05 was considered significant.

The study showed that infertile women are happier than the wives of infertile men (P=0.006). Also, the subscales of life satisfaction (P=0.016), efficacy (P=0.025), cheerfulness (P=0.001), and self-esteem (P=0.017) were higher in infertile women than in the other group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the subscales of sociability and wellbeing.

According to the findings, spouses of infertile men may experience lower happiness levels than infertile women. In addition to paying more attention to the psychological condition of infertile men’s wives, more detailed studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the results. Also, qualitative studies are recommended to clarify all dimensions of happiness of infertile couples.

The healthcare environment is becoming increasingly competitive to meet patients’ expectations and demands. Despite the nurses’ best efforts to provide the finest services, they often receive complaints from people dissatisfied with the services they receive. There are reports claiming nurses as violent and unethical in their duties. This condition causes constant stress among nurses, translating into trait anger and negative affect. The present work aimed to examine the influence of trait anger and negative affectivity on deviant workplace behavior with the mediating role of moral disengagement. 

This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in the general hospitals of the northern, southern, east coast, and central Malaysia’s regions from January to June 2020. The study sample included 387 nurses recruited by proportionate stratified random sampling. The data were collected using negative affect scale, deviant workplace behavior scale, trait anger scale, and moral disengagement scale. Then, the obtained were analyzed using partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) with SMART PLS software, version 3.2.8.

The results of the PLS-PM suggested that trait anger contributes to deviant workplace behavior (β=0.245, P=0.001). Also, this study discovered that moral disengagement mediates the relationship between trait anger, negative affectivity, and deviant workplace behavior among nurses. 

This study enriches the knowledge of deviant workplace behavior in healthcare settings, specifically Malaysia’s public healthcare sector. In the future, similar studies should be performed in private hospitals to improve the generalisability of the findings.

Evaluation and accreditation of hospitals have essential roles in improving the quality, safety, and effectiveness of healthcare services. Nevertheless, this process may cause stress and anxiety among hospital staff. This study aims to determine and compare employees’ anxiety levels and perceived stress before and after the accreditation program in private hospitals in Ahvaz City, Iran.

This research was a quantitative, observational, and longitudinal study. A total of 456 employees of Ahvaz private hospitals were recruited by convenience sampling. The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and the perceived stress scale-14 (PSS-14) were used to measure the level of anxiety and stress among hospital employees one month before and one month after implementing the hospital accreditation program. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics, such as the paired t-test, Pearson, and Spearman correlation coefficients. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

The findings showed a significant difference between perceived stress and anxiety before and after implementing the accreditation program (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between the employees’ perceived stress levels and their age, gender, and work experience. The subjects’ state-trait anxiety was also significantly associated with their sex, work experience, and organizational position (P<0.05).

Although the accreditation program usually improves the quality of healthcare, the employees experienced more stress and anxiety before the implementation of this program than after its completion, which can negatively affect the quality of care. Therefore, policymakers and managers should pay great attention to prevent stress and anxiety among healthcare providers while implementing the accreditation program.

Packaged foods are often high in sugar, salt, fat, additives, preservatives, artificial colors, and flavors but low in nutrients. These factors may lead to weight gain, delayed growth and development, type 2 diabetes, damage to the teeth, food poisoning, and many other health problems. This short commentary has critically examined the effects of packaged food on children’s health, along with possible solutions. 

Main Idea: 

Packaged food may be convenient, but it is often full of unsafe ingredients harmful to a child’s developing body. The best way to ensure that children get the nutrition they need while avoiding the potential health hazards of packaged food is to make meals from scratch at home. This allows for controlling the ingredients in the meal and ensuring the child gets a balanced, nutritious diet. Eating out less often and cutting back on processed foods can also help reduce the amount of packaged food a child consumes. Additionally, educating children about the importance of healthy eating can help to establish healthy habits.

The impact of packaged food on children’s health is an increasingly important issue. Considering the potential harm of packaged foods to children’s health, parents must remove them from their children’s diet as much as possible and use foods prepared at home.