مجله توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار و تابستان 1402)

AbstractIntroduction More than half of the world's population now lives in cities. The most important spatial manifestation of urban population growth is the physical growth of cities. Many surrounding villages have been integrated into the physical fabric of cities, which has led to marginalization, destruction of agricultural lands and the fragmentation of the physical fabric city. Today, land use change is accelerating along with the rapid growth of urban land and has an important role in urban land use changes. Therefore, land use change is a process during which human activities change the natural landscape .Since land use change is considered as irreversible change, access to up-to-date statistics and information and awareness of the change process are important factors in planning and decision making. In this part, land use maps that show the current conditions and how to use the land are important. The scattered and widespread trend of Zahedan city in the last hundred years needs to be studied and monitored. The aim of this study is to investigate the trend and predict land use changes in Zahedan city using satellite images and Markov chain model in the years 2000 to 2040.MethodologyThis research is descriptive and analytical in nature and quantitative in terms of methodology. In this research, the images of ETM sensor, Landsat 7 related to 2000 and 2010 and Operational Land Imager (OLI) Landsat 8 satellite in 2021 have been used .satellite imagery data with 30 m resolution for 17 July 2000, 13 July 2010 and 16 May 2021 were downloaded from the US Geological Survey.Then, data were prepared for analysis using ArcGIS and TerrSet software. Subsequently, samples of land use were digitized into four classes using the Digitize option in TerrSet software. After that, digitized land uses were categorized into four classes in TerrSet using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The quality and usability of classified images of 2000, 2010 and 2021 were estimated by accuracy assessment Then, Land Change Modeller was used to predict land use changes from 2021–2040. ConclusionThe concentration of more than half of the world's population in urban areas by 2021 and the multiplication of urban land growth have made land use change an environmental challenge. This study was conducted to investigate land use change in Zahedan. What further emphasizes the need to analyze land use change and predict its future is the development of the surrounding city, outside the process of comprehensive planning and suburbanization, which is a serious threat to agricultural land.For this purpose, land use change study was performed in three periods of 2000, 2010 and 2021 and four floors using Landsat 7, 8 satellite images with a resolution of 30 meters and Markov chain model. Finally, based on the results, future land use change for 2021 to 2040 was predicted in ArcGIS and TerrSet. The forecast result was compared with the 2021 map to validate the evaluation method using kappa index statistics. The result of kappa coefficient (85%) was acceptable. Findings show that among the four land use categories, during the period 2021-2000 in the study area, 4049 hectares of land use (including built-up area and agricultural lands) occurred, which is equal to about 202.4 hectares in Is the year. The largest increase in land use in barren lands, 6154 hectares (26.8%) and then built areas, 3875 hectares (93.19%) in the same period and the largest decrease in land related to grassland and agricultural lands 174 hectares (-26.6%). It is predicted (2021-2040) in the study area of 1546 hectares of land use change, equal to 81.3 hectares per year. During this period, the construction area increased to 571 hectares (7.1%) and grassland to 4 hectares ((9. 72%) and gardens and agricultural land to 11 hectares (-2.3%) and barren lands to 960 hectares (-7 / 5%) is reduced. It seems that according to the forecast of the comprehensive plan of Zahedan city during the three periods of 64, 84 and 94 and determining the directions of city development, there are no special requirements for controlling the development of the city by managers. Because the increase in population and the expansion of suburbanization in the northeast of the city has led to the destruction of agricultural land and irresponsible development and resulting from the rent of government organizations involved in urban management has led to a kind of scattered surface in the lands around the city.Keywords :Land use change, city development, Landsat, Markov chain, ZahedanResults and discussionBy analyzing land-use change not only in the past and present, but also for predicting the future, The extent of expansion and destruction of resources can be determined by identifying appropriate land use patterns and directing possible changes in the right direction. Therefore, urban growth simulation can provide a better understanding of the future effects of land use policies. Accordingly, land use change in the city of Zahedan with an area of 85 square kilometers, was measured using Landsat 7.8 and LOI for 2000, 2010 and 2021 in TerrSet and GIS software. Then, these changes until 2040 were predicted using the Markov chain. The results of land use changes for the period 2021-2000 show an increase of 93.2% in residential lands and a decrease (- 26.6%) in orchards and agricultural lands. Given that the population growth rate shows a decrease in the years 2000 to 2021. But the population growth index in the form of urban development occurred to the outer regions. Slums make up about 42% of the total population of the city and this is a serious threat to agricultural land in the northeastern part of the city.

IntroductionThe subject of urban appearance is the dominant face of the city body and contains the first messages in the eyes of the citizens. This issue has wide and important dimensions due to its close relationship with the category of identity and characteristics of the city (Abbasi, 2016). Nowadays, the improvement of facades with the help of technological tools has caused them to assume a more active role in the relationship between the inside and outside of the building. Among these technological tools is the use of kinetic facade. As one of the examples of smart facades, this type of facades is dynamic and has the ability to change its form, shape and openings against changing environmental conditions, so that while reducing energy consumption, it can also be a good choice for facades from an aesthetic point of view. One of the important issues that needs attention in the design of kinetic facade is their geometry, which on the one hand should be able to open and close, and on the other hand, have aesthetic values (Mohaghegh et al., 2021). Although understanding the geometric feature of the work and its creative application can help to revive the authentic Iranian identity in architectural works, but the transition from the traditional system to the modern system is highly dependent on the spread of technologies (Attia et al, 2018). In the meantime, considering that the development of appropriate policies for the dissemination of technologies is dependent on the correct knowledge of the factors affecting them, and without considering the obstacles and problems of its development, it is practically impossible to conduct in-depth studies to investigate the problems and provide suitable solutions to overcome them. , it becomes necessary.MethodologyThe current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation research in terms of working methods. Its statistical population consists of citizens of Tabriz. The statistical sample size was determined based on Cochran's sampling formula with an error level of 0.05 in the number of 384 people by simple random method. Data collection has been done in library and field with questionnaire tool. The research questionnaire with 26 questions is derived from the Davis questionnaire, in which questions 1 to 4 are related to individual characteristics, and questions 5 to 23 are specific questions of the TAM model, and questions 24 to 26 are also related to the advertising variable. All specific questions were prepared based on a five-point Likert scale and provided to the statistical community. The study sample in this research is the suburban area of Khavaran settlement in Tabriz, which is known as the most modern residential settlement in Iran. The construction pattern of this settlement is different from the overall texture of Tabriz city and the residential units are built in the form of villas in areas above 320 meters.Results and discussionIn order to find answers to the research questions and to ensure the correct measurement of hidden variables and to determine the existence of meaningful relationships between variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. Surveys show that due to the lack of knowledge of citizens living in Khavaran town about the technology of moving facades, there is not a very positive attitude towards this type of facades among the statistical population. This lack of sufficient knowledge and awareness of technology can be caused by weak advertising and lack of proper information. Therefore, in response to the first research question, it can be stated that the level of acceptance of facade technology and the willingness of citizens to use them is at a low level. Regarding the relationship between the variables, the findings show that the positive attitude of the citizens towards the modernization of facades has a close relationship with their perception of the features and benefits of the facades in question in the building. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between people's awareness and their understanding of the ease and usefulness of technology and the level of technology acceptance.ConclusionIn the current research, after presenting the problem and the main concern of the research while emphasizing the integration of technology and Islamic geometry in moving facades, the factors affecting the tendency of citizens to modernize the facades in Khavaran settlement of Tabriz have been examined. In order to advance their goals, the authors of this research defined an optimal model to investigate the effective factors in technology acceptance by adding the "advertisement" variable to Davis's "technology acceptance" model.In the surveys conducted regarding the use of moving facades with Islamic geometry and motifs, the amount of favorable opinions increased greatly, and this shows that the desire of the residents of Khavaran town to modernize the facades while preserving the Islamic identity is more than the use of traditional or modern facades. Therefore, it is considered that modeling Islamic motifs and geometry in the design of kinetic facades can create a balance between technology and tradition in urban facades, especially in peri-urban areas, while modernizing facades and helping to improve visual quality. Finally, according to the results of the present research, it is suggested that contemporary architects and designers, while being aware of the way of designing Islamic geometric motifs, should try to use them in modern kinetic facades, in order to take an important step in preserving the Islamic identity while contemporizing the facades. The planning and implementation of these projects can be done from new towns and peri-urban areas that are being built at a faster pace today. Also, in the field of academic studies and research, it is suggested that in future researches, patterns inspired by geometry and Islamic motifs should be designed and examined in terms of aesthetics as well as the function of energy light.

The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose, an analytical and descriptive research in terms of how data is collected, and finally, in terms of implementation, it is a survey type, and in terms of research method, it is a quantitative type. The statistical population in the present study consists of two parts, the first part is the local residents of suburban areas (Safadasht, Shahriyar, Mallard, Robat Karim, Islamshahr) that according to the census of the year (2016), the number of households in this area (1988113) that based on random sampling and Cochran method, (384) were selected as the sample population. In the second part, the statistical population includes experts and experts in this field, considering that the sample population in most fuzzy models is between 20-30 people, in this part of the research, 20 people (experts) was selected as the sample community. SPSS software, FAHP model, and GMIR model were also used to analyze the data.The results of one-sample t-test showed that the status of modern urban governance and regeneration of dysfunctional tissues in the proposed areas was assessed as unfavorable, and a significant and positive relationship was observed between these two variables. Also, the results of FAHP model showed that among the dimensions of regeneration, the physical dimension has the highest level of impact and the environmental dimension has the lowest level of impact from the new urban governance. Finally, the results of GMIR model in order to rank each of the urban areas showed that the urban area of Shahriar with 4812 has the highest rank and Safadasht with 3976 have the lowest rank.

Extended Abstract The conscious presence of people in the scene of tourism activities through the principle of organic connection between sustainable development and sustainable tourism is one of the main indicators of sustainable development. Today, community-based tourism is referred to as CBT. In fact, CBT is a type of alternative tourism that focuses on capacity building and empowerment of local people as tools to achieve community development.This type of tourism is based on a collaborative approach, it facilitates the active participation of the community in tourism planning, increases mutual relations between tourists and the community, and preserves the cultural and natural heritage of the region. Part of rural tourism is related to the villages around the city, which have always played an essential role due to their historical, natural, recreational attractions and as second homes, and because of this role, they have had a different position. Some villages of peri-urban have a good position due to their capacities and tourist attractions. This position is due to the effects of tourism development. A better understanding of these effects can lead to the development of these villages and cities in the area of influence. City-village interactions are carried out in various forms and processes. As a result, part of these interactions is the role and performance of villages. Peri-urban villages always have more interactions and connections with urban areas due to their location and spatial location. In this context, the villages that have a superior role and performance always act under the influence of this role, not only their development and expansion is influenced by this role, but its interactions with urban areas are also dependent on this issue. Since the host communities play an important role in the implementation of tourism programs. Therefore, their participation in the sustainable tourism planning process is essential. The main focus of community-based tourism is on the participation of local communities in the development and planning processes of sustainable tourism. Community- tourism is known as a suitable model of sustainable development, which seeks to maximize socio-cultural and economic benefits and minimize negative environmental effects. In line with this type of tourism, the empowerment and development of local communities is considered important and key. Community-based tourism leads to the long-term sustainability of tourism through the economic benefit of the destination from tourism in addition to preserving the natural, social, cultural and economic environment. Also, community-based tourism is a method of profit flow among all those who are affected by tourism. In fact, this type of tourism, the tourist as a part of the society has a reciprocal relationship with the society and leads to the growth of knowledge and development in the local society. The results obtained in this research showed that these results are consistent with the objectives of community-based tourism including economic, socio-cultural, institutional and conservation aspects. Based on this, the aim of this research is to evaluate and measure the effects of community-basedtourism on the development of settlements in coastal villages around Bushehr city. The nature of this applied research; its implementation method is descriptive-analytical; And its type is survey. Residents of the coastal villages of Bushehr city constitute the statistical population of this research. The statistical sample of this research was determined by Cochran's formula to the number of 400 people. The required data collection was done using documentary and field methods, and the field method is based on questionnaires. Reliability The questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.95. In this research, in order to analyze the data, statistical methods (descriptive and analytical) have been used in AMOS, SPSS software environment. The study area of the current research is the settlements of coastal villages around Bushehr city. Since the present research was conducted in the rural areas of Bushehr, and according to their location and spatial location, rural villages always have more interactions and connections with urban areas. The results indicate that from the economic aspect, Community-based rural tourism helps to improve the livelihood of the local community in peri-urban settlements through financial and non-financial benefits from tourism activities. Also, from a social point of view, community-based tourism should lead to the preservation of cultural values and traditions, strengthen cohesion and cooperation in the society, and lead to an increase in the self-confidence and pride of the society. . The focus of community-based rural tourism is on the protection of the environment and culture, which provides the sustainability of community-based rural tourism. The results show that there is no difference between people's views on the role of tourism in peri-urban village. The result is that tourism, by playing a role in peri-urban village, in addition to creating various effects in the village from the economic, social and physical point of view, has also transformed some interactions of rural-urban links. From an institutional point of view, it was effective in empowering women and increasing the confidence and belief of the young generation for entrepreneurship and financial independence, and finally, considering that the protection of natural resources is also one of the other basic goals of community-based tourism development. Paying attention to the environment and protection of natural resources is considered with the expansion of this type of tourism, and if rural communities in the form of people's institutions take the lead in identifying and prioritizing their basic needs along with facilitating government institutions, this can be a lot. To make programs and activities efficient and effective .Therefore, the results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between community-based tourism and the development of coastal villages around Bushehr in economic, social, cultural, institutional and environmental terms.Keywords: community-based tourism, rural settlements, coastal villages, peri-urban

Socio-economic and political changes at the national and global levels in recent decades have paved the way for the change in the nature of these relations and the establishment of new relations. Among them are the flow of people, typology, production and the flow of capital. Today, the study of these currents and the analysis of their effects have been considered by researchers. One of the influential aspects of urban-rural relations is the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The purpose of this study is to model the effects of urban and rural relations on the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The type of research is applied and descriptive in nature. The data collection method was library and field (questionnaire and observation) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, diagnostic analysis and logistic regression) were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is households living in 21 suburban villages of Dehdasht with a population of 3538 households and using the Cochran's formula, 347 samples were selected and sampling was done randomly. For the operational definition of urban-rural relations, three dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental, 43 indicators have been used and to study the diversity of economic activities, 17 indicators have been used. Findings show that the economic dimension based on the logistics model with a coefficient (0.687) urban and rural relations has the most impact and the physical dimension with a coefficient (0.201) has the least impact; Therefore, in the final conclusion, it can be said that in the study area, the indicators of the economic dimension of urban-rural relations are effective in creating diversity of economic activities of rural households.

Today, the land and housing market has always been one of the income-generating markets, and this issue has enjoyed high prosperity and great importance during recent decades in the developing countries, especially Iran. In this regard, the expansion of urban land or the annexation of rural areas to it has always been used as a state rent and plays an important role in the expansion of the city and the creation of informal settlements. Now, what Iran's metropolises, especially Tehran, are facing is informal settlements, one of the main factors of which is rentier economy. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analysis of the role of rentier economy on the indicators of in the urban peripheral Informal Settlements (Case of study: border villages of 19th district of Tehran). This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data required for the research has been collected using the documentary-field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research includes experts and experts in the fields of rural planning, urban planning, etc., and the sample size was determined using the purposeful sampling method of 50 people. SPSS software was also used for data analysis. The results showed that the rent economy affects all the indicators of the urban peripheral Informal Settlements, and the intensity of this relationship is higher in the management and social aspects at the level of the 19th district of Tehran.Today, the land and housing market has always been one of the income-generating markets, and this issue has enjoyed high prosperity and great importance during recent decades in the developing countries, especially Iran. In this regard, the expansion of urban land or the annexation of rural areas to it has always been used as a state rent and plays an important role in the expansion of the city and the creation of informal settlements. Now, what Iran's metropolises, especially Tehran, are facing is informal settlements, one of the main factors of which is rentier economy. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analysis of the role of rentier economy on the indicators of in the urban peripheral Informal Settlements (Case of study: border villages of 19th district of Tehran). This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data required for the research has been collected using the documentary-field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research includes experts and experts in the fields of rural planning, urban planning, etc., and the sample size was determined using the purposeful sampling method of 50 people. SPSS software was also used for data analysis. The results showed that the rent economy affects all the indicators of the urban peripheral Informal Settlements, and the intensity of this relationship is higher in the management and social aspects at the level of the 19th district of Tehran.Today, the land and housing market has always been one of the income-generating markets, and this issue has enjoyed high prosperity and great importance during recent decades in the developing countries, especially Iran. In this regard, the expansion of urban land or the annexation of rural areas to it has always been used as a state rent and plays an important role in the expansion of the city and the creation of informal settlements. Now, what Iran's metropolises, especially Tehran, are facing is informal settlements, one of the main factors of which is rentier economy. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analysis of the role of rentier economy on the indicators of in the urban peripheral Informal Settlements (Case of study: border villages of 19th district of Tehran). This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data required for the research has been collected using the documentary-field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research includes experts and experts in the fields of rural planning, urban planning, etc., and the sample size was determined using the purposeful sampling method of 50 people. SPSS software was also used for data analysis. The results showed that the rent economy affects all the indicators of the urban peripheral Informal Settlements, and the intensity of this relationship is higher in the management and social aspects at the level of the 19th district of Tehran.

The increasing growth of urbanization along with the expansion of the peri-urban space in the big cities of Iran is one of the most important concerns of planners and official city managements and national managers. On the other hand, organizing the residents of dysfunctional structures in peri-urban spaces, centered on their all-round participation based on the empowerment of local communities, is one of the ways out of the socio-physical instability of peri-urban spaces in megacities. The role of empowering local communities, especially the residents of peri-urban spaces, in achieving socio-physical sustainability is a prominent indicator of this research. Although some past researches have examined the relationship between empowerment and sustainable development, most of them have not emphasized the concept of socio-physical sustainability with a participatory approach and in addition, they have not evaluated the components of socio-physical sustainability and empowerment at the same time. are Therefore, the present study tries to complete this new approach and examine the main goal of this research, which is to measure the effectiveness of empowering local communities in the socio-physical sustainability of the mentioned neighborhoods from the perspective of people's participation. The role of empowering local communities, especially the residents of peri-urban spaces, in achieving socio-physical sustainability is a prominent indicator of this research. Although some past researches have examined the relationship between empowerment and sustainable development, most of them have not emphasized the concept of socio-physical sustainability with a participatory approach and in addition, they have not evaluated the components of socio-physical sustainability and empowerment at the same time. are Therefore, the present study tries to complete this new approach and examine the main goal of this research, which is to measure the effectiveness of empowering local communities in the socio-physical sustainability of the mentioned neighborhoods from the perspective of people's participation.The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The information needed in this research has been collected by two methods of documentary study and field investigation, especially the researcher's objective observations and findings, as well as interviews, completion of questionnaires, and preparation of documents and audio and video documents. The statistical population of this research is the population living in Shahid Bahonar and Shahid Baskabadi neighborhoods. The statistical sample was calculated using Cochran's formula of 379 people. The sampling method is random sampling. In order to evaluate the relationships between variables and infer the results for inferential statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient method, univariate t-test and ANOVA and software such as EXCEL and SPSS have been widely used.In the studied sample, the total number of respondents is 379, of which 40.9% of respondents are female and 59.1% are male. In addition, 73.6% have a diploma and less than 15% are illiterate. Also, most of the respondents (82.3 percent) lived in the region for more than ten years in terms of the duration of residence in the region, and in terms of age, the largest number of respondents are in the age range of 20 to 30 years (42.5 percent) and In terms of marital status, the largest number of respondents are married with 67.8%.The significance level of the influence of social and physical stability factors in local communities is equal to 0.000 and less than 0.05, also the value of t statistic is equal to 64.997 and positive and the average influence of social and physical stability factors on the Local social empowerment is equal to 115.4286 and is higher than the average number of 3, so we can say with 95% confidence: the components of social and physical stability such as social trust, social participation, social interaction, place belonging, sense of security, residential satisfaction, social equality , access and network of roads, physical quality of the building, accessibility to services and the combination and variety of uses have an impact on the sustainability of local communities. Also, according to the results of the ANOVA test, it is clear that the significance level is lower than 0.05, which means that the variance of the independent groups of empowerment of local communities are not equal. This means that there is a significant difference in the empowerment component between psychological, social, economic and political factors. Correlation coefficient has also been used to check the correlation between the dependent variable (physical-social stability) and the independent variable (empowerment). The results show that with increasing empowerment, social-physical stability also increases. Based on the obtained standard beta, for each unit of change in the standard deviation of social trust as much as 0.433%, there is a change in the standard deviation of the dependent variable of social and physical stability; Therefore, the contribution and role of social trust in explaining sustainability variables is much higher than other empowerment variables. Therefore, according to the results obtained from the statistical analysis in the current research, it can be claimed that one of the tools that urban management can use to create and maintain social and physical sustainability in peri-urban spaces is the empowerment of the residents of these spaces.

IntroductionThe villages around Rizvanshahr city in Gilan province are among the peripheral areas that in recent years, under the influence of the special location of communication and proximity to Rizvanshahr, rapid and deep changes in various fields such as housing pattern and rural-urban context, It has experienced land use, demographic characteristics, economic status and employment. The transfer of capital from the city and the creation of urban industries, workshops and factories have resulted in the influx of labor to these villages. Also, the phenomenon of second houses is expanding in the surrounding villages of this city, and city residents have invested a lot of capital to buy rural lands and build villas in these villages. Therefore, the physical development of Rezvanshahr towards the villages has positive and negative consequences, which are very efficient to be aware of in rural development programs. In order to identify such consequences, it is necessary to first examine the effects of the physical development of cities on the studied villages, and since such consequences and effects are different in different areas, the present research aims to analyze the physical development of the city on the surrounding villages, to investigate this in the villages around the city of Razvanshahr. has done During the research, the researcher seeks to show the relationship between the physical development of the city and environmental-ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical components and tries to answer the basic question that the urban physical development of Razvanshahr depends on which of the components ( economic, social, physical, environmental) has had the greatest impact? And is this effect different among suburban settlements?MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in purpose. The required information has been collected with the help of documentary and field information, which has been used to collect documentary information from the survey tool and field information of the questionnaire. In the descriptive statistics section, the information obtained from rural questionnaires has been summarized, and in the analytical statistics section, linear regression and Kupras techniques have been used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the help of experts and professors of rural affairs, and to confirm its reliability, a number of questionnaires were completed in the sample community and confirmed with the help of Cronbach's alpha (0.995). The statistical population of the research is 8 rural villages around the city of Razvanshahr, which has a connection with it. The sample size according to the total number of households in the studied villages (2333 households) is 330 samples.Results and discussion The results of the research showed that the physical development of the studied villages in the environmental and ecological dimension has the greatest impact on the landscape of the village and the least impact on the preservation of natural resources, in the socio-cultural dimension the greatest impact on household welfare and the least impact on the company. In religious ceremonies and activities, in the economic dimension, it has the greatest impact on the price of housing and the least impact on the amount of industrial-handicrafts production. Looking at all the dimensions, it can be concluded that the physical development of the city has the greatest impact on the increase in the price of residential land with an average of 6.73, infrastructure services - roads with an average of 6.51, and land use change with an average of 6.48, and the least impact on the preservation of natural resources with an average of 3.24. In religious ceremonies and activities with an average of 3.54 and ethnic differences with an average of 3.89. Then, with the help of linear regression analysis, the relationship between the physical development of Rezvanshahr city and each of the investigated components was confirmed and it was determined that the physical development of Rezvanshahr city has an effect on economic changes, environmental and ecological changes, socio-cultural changes and physical changes of the villages around the city, respectively. Further, the results showed that the physical development of the city has had the greatest impact on Punel, Ardjan, Mianroud, Allah Bakhsh Mahaleh, Taramsera, Sasansera, Laktasera, Roshandeh villages respectively, which of course, this rating is in accordance with the reality observed in the field surveys. Also, the research results are consistent with studies (Ahmadi et al., 2018; Jozak et al., 2014; Tian et al., 2017).ConclusionIn the spatial interactions between the surrounding settlements and the city of Razvanshahr and the physical development of this city, although affected by sometimes two-way flows, it has provided positive developments, but some of them have created unfavorable conditions, including environmental destruction, etc. for the villages has followed.

Typology of dispersal in peri-urban areas of KarajAbstractThe latest scientific findings in the field of urban sprawl have often focused on typology; Therefore, in the present article, with the aim of identifying different types of scattered urban species in the metropolis of Karaj, an attempt has been made to examine the views on typology, identification criteria of each species and how to classify different species in the metropolis of Karaj. The research area was 10 areas of Karaj metropolis. Data were collected using library and field methods. The data type included demographic data of the Statistics Center and location-based data of the National Mapping Organization and Karaj Municipality. The data analysis method was performed quantitatively using Moran coefficient, kernel density, space arrangement analysis, shape index and Boolean logic. The results indicate that the city of Karaj is experiencing unorganized and ugly growth and is facing different types of urban dispersion. The type of low density and continuous scattering of urban sprawl covers the largest volume of the city area and is mainly located in the urban edges of Karaj. However, there are other types, such as linear or band scattering, jumping scattering, or nodal scattering; But dominance is a continuous, low-density scattering or edge scatter; Therefore, it can be said that dispersal in the city of Karaj has not developed with a single form and pattern; It has been associated with various forms and species.Keywords: Urban Sprawl, Sprawl Typology, Linear Sprawl, Low Density Growth, Discontinuous Physical Growth, Karaj Metropolis  Typology of dispersal in peri-urban areas of KarajAbstractThe latest scientific findings in the field of urban sprawl have often focused on typology; Therefore, in the present article, with the aim of identifying different types of scattered urban species in the metropolis of Karaj, an attempt has been made to examine the views on typology, identification criteria of each species and how to classify different species in the metropolis of Karaj. The research area was 10 areas of Karaj metropolis. Data were collected using library and field methods. The data type included demographic data of the Statistics Center and location-based data of the National Mapping Organization and Karaj Municipality. The data analysis method was performed quantitatively using Moran coefficient, kernel density, space arrangement analysis, shape index and Boolean logic. The results indicate that the city of Karaj is experiencing unorganized and ugly growth and is facing different types of urban dispersion. The type of low density and continuous scattering of urban sprawl covers the largest volume of the city area and is mainly located in the urban edges of Karaj. However, there are other types, such as linear or band scattering, jumping scattering, or nodal scattering; But dominance is a continuous, low-density scattering or edge scatter; Therefore, it can be said that dispersal in the city of Karaj has not developed with a single form and pattern; It has been associated with various forms and species.Keywords: Urban Sprawl, Sprawl Typology, Linear Sprawl, Low Density Growth, Discontinuous Physical Growth, Karaj Metropolis Typology of dispersal in peri-urban areas of KarajAbstractThe latest scientific findings in the field of urban sprawl have often focused on typology; Therefore, in the present article, with the aim of identifying different types of scattered urban species in the metropolis of Karaj, an attempt has been made to examine the views on typology, identification criteria of each species and how to classify different species in the metropolis of Karaj. The research area was 10 areas of Karaj metropolis. Data were collected using library and field methods. The data type included demographic data of the Statistics Center and location-based data of the National Mapping Organization and Karaj Municipality. The data analysis method was performed quantitatively using Moran coefficient, kernel density, space arrangement analysis, shape index and Boolean logic. The results indicate that the city of Karaj is experiencing unorganized and ugly growth and is facing different types of urban dispersion. The type of low density and continuous scattering of urban sprawl covers the largest volume of the city area and is mainly located in the urban edges of Karaj. However, there are other types, such as linear or band scattering, jumping scattering, or nodal scattering; But dominance is a continuous, low-density scattering or edge scatter; Therefore, it can be said that dispersal in the city of Karaj has not developed with a single form and pattern; It has been associated with various forms and species.Keywords: Urban Sprawl, Sprawl Typology, Linear Sprawl, Low Density Growth, Discontinuous Physical Growth, Karaj Metropolis

Today, with the increasing growth of urbanization and the formation of new dimensions of urban growth over the last few decades, has caused the city and contemporary urban planning, Face new challenges. Establishment of industries and establishment of workshop-industrial activities in the form of settlements in the urban peripheral areas, It is one of the phenomena that has had various consequences. Therefore, the aim of this study is to Analysis of physical-economic effects of industrial-workshop clusters in Urban Peripheral Areas (Case study: Chabahar city(. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The data required for the research were collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). In order to analyze the data, SPSS software (t-test) and gray Aras and fuzzy Aras models were used. The results of one-sample t-test showed, in all items studied, due to the high average (3) and significance level (0.000), industrial-workshop clusters have a significant impact on the dimensions (physical, economic) of urban peripheral areas. The results of Aras fuzzy model showed that in the physical dimension, the index of access to urban services with a weight of 0.453 and in the economic dimension, the job index with a weight of 0.426, have the highest weight. Finally, the results of spatial analysis of urban peripheral areas with emphasis on the role of industrial-workshop clusters with a focus on economic and physical development using the gray Aras model showed that Ramin village is a priority.

Study of the role of tourism entrepreneurship on the quality of life in rural suburban settlements of Shahroud TownshipAbstractAn important part of the economic activities of the village is related to tourism and entrepreneurship in this field, by improving the socio-economic development of villages, it improves the quality of life. The present study was conducted to study the role of tourism entrepreneurship on the quality of life in suburban settlements of Shahroud and also to analyze the effects of tourism entrepreneurship on the sustainable development of these settlements. The unit of analysis was the heads of households in rural areas of Shahroud in which 373 households were selected as a sample. The questionnaire was provided to the statistical population as a research tool in the form of available sampling. Data analysis was done by using t-test, chi-square and WASPAS technique. The output of the t-test confirms the significance of the dimensions and indicators, and the indicators of environmental quality (11/946) and education quality (11/252) are significantly more suitable. The result of data analysis using the chi-square test showed that the item of increasing job diversity with an average of (4.27) from the economic component, the item of making annual trips with an average of (4.22) from the social-cultural component, the item of using Durable and resistant construction materials with an average of (4.25) from the physical-spatial component and the issue of not establishing residential units in high-risk areas such as the edge of rivers with an average of (3.69) from the environmental component had the greatest impact in improving the quality of life of the villagers in the region.Keywords: entrepreneurship, quality of life, T-TEST, WASPAS technique, Chi-square testIntroduction Many of the costs and unfortunate consequences that pervade society and are referred to as socio-economic problems and has caused social disorders and anxiety in various forms, especially insecurity and behavioral disorders, as well as phenomena such as the uncontrolled growth of migration, increasing the rate of marginalization around metropolitan areas and many other problems; It is the result of ignoring the share of the village and the villagers in the development process. Rural development policymakers believe that tourism can be used as a tool to revitalize rural areas by organizing and revitalizing local economic activities, improving the quality of life, and contributing to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Improving the quality of life in rural communities is the ultimate goal of rural development programs and projects. The main precondition for achieving this important issue is to provide suitable living conditions that can improve the quality of life in rural communities. One of the components that play an important role in improving the quality of life is tourism. Tourism development provides the basis for increasing competitiveness in rural areas by making proper use of tourist attractions (local natural and cultural resources), enhancing spatial value, improving quality of life, creating added value, facilitating market access for small producers through collective action and the unification of the use of technology to produce and provide services. The background for the emergence of sustainable tourism development in rural areas is the development of entrepreneurship. Rural tourism entrepreneurship approach has several positive effects on the quality of life of villagers through job creation, increasing incomes, increasing savings and proper use of resources (natural, human and capital) of the village an example of this statement can be seen in the villages of Shahroud Township. The villages of Shahroud Township are one of the most important centers of rural tourism entrepreneurship in Semnan province therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship in improving the quality of life of rural people in this region.Research methodologyThe unit of analysis in this study was the heads of households in the rural areas of Shahroud Township based on the 2016 population and housing census, which according to the Cochran's formula, 13401 households from 7 rural areas were obtained as a research sample. Based on the number of households in each village and by stratified sampling method, the number of samples in each rural area was calculated. Delphi technique was used to determine the research indicators. The members of the Delphi panel were selected by random sampling and a combination of targeted methods and snowballs, 15 experts on village issues and familiar with the area. In the last stage, the final questionnaire, which was developed as a data collection tool, was sent to experts in rural planning to confirm the validity, and after modifications, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method. Data analysis was performed using t-test statistical method in SPSS software and WASPAS technique.Discussion and conclusionIn order to analyze and determine the effectiveness of the items that make up the economic, social-cultural, physical-spatial and environmental components, chi-square statistic was used. Among the items of economic factors in the studied area, the item of increasing job diversity has had the greatest impact in improving the quality of life of the villagers with an average of (4.27). Among the items of socio-cultural factors in the study area, annual travel with an average of (4.22) has played the greatest role in improving the quality of life of the villagers in the area. Leisure time is a source for improving people's quality of life.ResultAccording to the knowledge gained from the rural community under study, improving the quality of life of villagers is possible through rural tourism entrepreneurship in the region and paying attention to motivational factors and creating relative satisfaction in life. To create an environment for the social life of the villagers in which there is more security and peace and villagers in their interactive relationships with others to meet their needs with the least friction and as the economy becomes more dynamic, they will achieve a happier society and a better quality of life.

Achieving sustainable development in cities leads to balance in various economic, social, environmental, etc. dimensions and creates a favorable perspective in the future. Improving living conditions in oil-rich cities such as Masjid Suleiman and its surroundings, in addition to increasing their attractiveness, becomes a suitable platform for improving the quality of life and a sustainable place. Therefore, the necessity and importance of the structural discussion of livability in cities and its surroundings is clearly visible. The purpose of this research is the structural analysis of livability in the city of Masjid Suleiman and its surrounding area. This research is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature. The statistical population in this research is 20 urban experts, city planners and city managers. Mic Mac was used to analyze the variables. The results reflect the fact that 2970 relationships out of the total relationships between the variables had the value of cross effects. From the total of 2970 relationships, about 55 relationships have no effect; 1195 relationships with low influence; 1169 relationships have medium influence and finally 606 relationships have strong and high influence. On the other hand, the results show that the sustainability of livability in the city of Masjid Suleiman and its surrounding area is very inappropriate.

Introduction In order to overcome the challenges and develop the villages, various solutions and approaches have been presented. One of these solutions is creativity, which was labeled as destructive economy and creative economy since the emergence of the new economy. This component is actually the ability to create social experiences and networking through lasting events, which is considered the main indicator in the field of competition and at the same time, sustainability. Meanwhile, some researchers such as David McGranan (2007) applied creative theory about rural areas. In this theory, it is believed that rural areas bring economic growth by attracting people in creative professions. The results of the study of this theory showed that the suburbs and villages with a large proportion of people in creative jobs have a large amount of patents, acceptance of production technology and job growth. The fact that many people are interested in returning to the village environment at the current time shows the importance of the village and the existence of creative fields in these areas. Despite this identification of the pillars, infrastructures and indicators related to rural creativity, it opens the way for the development of these areas and creates the necessary ground for maintaining, attracting and cultivating creative people.In this regard, considering the youth of the rural population of Qala-No district in Ray County and the necessity of creating employment for this young population and diversifying economic activities, the necessity of examining the pillars, infrastructure and indicators of the creative village in the settlement The effects of this section are felt more than before. In addition, the rural communities of Qala Nou district are somehow struggling with the problem of unemployment, and the dimensions of this problem have affected the economic, social and even political sectors, and this problem is one of the most important economic and social problems of the villages of the district. It is clear that solving this problem depends to a great extent on the spatial evaluation and analysis of rural settlements against the pillars, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of a creative village. In this regard, this study seeks to To examine and explore this question, what are the pillars, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of the creative village in the settlements of Qale Nou district of Ray County?Methodology This applied research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach in the year (2021), in the rural settlements of Qala Nou district of Ray County. In terms of purpose, the type of research was applied and of a survey type in order to identify and conceptualize the elements, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of the creative village. The data needed for the research was collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). The tool used in this research was a questionnaire, which was compiled with studies from articles related to the research and in accordance with the studied area, and the indicators were compiled in the form of questions and reflected in the form of a questionnaire. The process of data analysis was done in several parts. In the beginning, the situation of each of the indicators of the pillars, infrastructures and indicators of the formation of the creative village was investigated using the sample T-Tech test, and then it was ranked using the FBMW model Each of its elements and identifiers, its infrastructures and identifiers, and its indicators and identifiers were discussed.Results and discussion The results of the research showed that the villages of Qala Nou district in Ray County are in favorable conditions in terms of pillars and infrastructure and can be very effective in forming a creative village, but in the field of creativity indicators, it should be mentioned , that in a series of indicators, the villages of Qale Nou district are in an unfavorable situation, most of the unfavorable indicators are caused by the management situation or in other words, the unfavorable governance of the village. In the following, the results showed that among the proposed pillars, the village space with a weight of 0.345 has the highest weight, among the proposed infrastructures, the infrastructure of creative industries with a weight of 0.366, among the proposed indicators. , the promotion and education index with a weight of 0.378 has been assigned the highest weight. Finally, the results of spatial analysis of rural settlements showed that Firozabad village has the highest score and Qomiabad village has the lowest score in reaching the creative village.Conclusion Creativity in villages is a tool to reveal individual abilities, develop the spirit of innovation, diversify businesses, increase the income of villagers, opportunism, optimal use of resources available to villagers, identification of existing economic opportunities, reducing rural poverty and so on. Since the villages are full of new and undiscovered opportunities, the timely discovery and exploitation of these opportunities and competitiveness based on them can bring significant economic benefits to the villagers, but It should be noted that the formation of a creative village requires the provision of pillars, infrastructures and indicators. In other words, creativity is conditioned by the existence of pillars, infrastructures and indicators of formation in geographical spaces and among the active human forces stationed there. Based on the results of the present research, it can be revealed that the analysis of the formation of the creative village in Ray city in Qala Nou sector should be done in an integrated manner and subject to the pillars, infrastructure and indicators.

Urban expansion has led to the formation of complex forms of the spatial existence of cities. The consequences of this expansion have been shown in the form of agricultural land destruction, environmental damage, and uneven and scattered urban growth. In recent years, several programs have been prepared to organize, manage and guide the expansion of the city, which due to the lack of sufficient knowledge of the influencing and driving factors of the development, and the state and manner of the future expansion of the city, make decision-making in this field a serious challenge. As a result of the increasing growth of cities, the physical expansion of cities to the surrounding areas as well as the increa se of density and accumulation within the cities will be inevitable hence the peri-urban spaces are expanding When the population increases and urbanization accelerates, new residential spaces are created in the periphery of cities from the "city-rural" confrontation, which is strongly influenced by urban spaces. Such residential spaces are called "Pirashahr". This urban growth will bring serious and countless problems. Since the instability of the development of human societies in the last two centuries (after the industrial revolution) and its harmful consequences, which are a function of population variables, per capita and consumption patterns, attention to the principle of sustainability is being questioned more and more Table 2 shows the results of the accuracy evaluation of the produced maps. According to this table, four parameters are presented for overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, producer accuracy and consumer accuracy. By examining the obtained statistical results, we find that the accuracy and parameters are often above 90% (except for the kappa coefficient of 2000 and the forecast kappa coefficient of 2020), which is very appropriate and in several cases these statistics are close to 100%. The results of this research are also in line. The results of their research show that vegetation lands have declined sharply in the time interval. Also, based on the results of the sacrificing and colleagues (2014), farmers' land has increased and urban growth has increased the study of the study, and the results of the overwhelming land change means also indicated the continuation of this process. Research Results Majid (1393) in evaluating changes in land margin in Urmia during the years 1989 to 2013, and then predicting the trend of changes by 2035 of the combination of Markov chain and automated cells showed that the growth of Urmia city has always caused the destruction of agricultural lands and gardens of this city and becoming residential lands. Ali Mohammadi et al The population growth of the city and followed by the change in land cover and destruction of vegetation. Growth of urban population and a tongue to build a building on the populations of the crowd; During the destruction of crops, ranges, green space, the field of changes and significant changes in land cover, as well as the change in the climate. This research, using the modeling and analyzing chain of the Markov and automated cells, was modeled and analyzed and analyzed the changes coated on the city of Bandar Abbas and its penetration area. For this purpose, the first Latest satellite imagery was classified for 2000, 2005 and 2010, 2015 and 2020 with the most similar similarity approach. The classifications were analyzed and the results showed a coaxial coefficient of 90% and the high accuracy of the classification. In the following, changes in land coverings were carried out during the period (2000-2005), (2005 to 2010) and (2010 to 2015) (2015 to 2020) and (2015 to 2020). In the next step, using the Markov chain analysis and automated cells, modeling and predicting changes in landing coating in the future were taken. , the results showed that the increase in significant percentage of changes in the water, which indicates that this year increased by the year in 2015 by 2020. In general, the area of land is provided to the research below to be reviewed in the following charts. The vegetation was reduced from 4707 hectares in 2000 to 3518 hectares in 2005 and 3321 in 2010 and 2693 in 2020. According to the model, this decline will continue to be a downtrend, as it will reach 1984 hectares in 2025. The city and the built-in land has been ascending since 2000, as of 5879 hectares in 2000 with about 582 hectares reached 6461 hectares in 2005. This land ups will be continued, and the prediction map shows that these land will increase to 7976 hectares in 2025. According to the findings obtained from the results of the random forest model, the highest parameter influenced in the development of the city was the main way of the index. The results of this research and using the processing of moonlight images showed that the Bangea Abbas city city during the 20 years (2000 to 2020) were changed over the range of farmers and the city center. Study of land use maps in this study showed that the trends and development of the city of Bandar Abbas did not comply with a uniform trend and in terms of changes in fluctuations. The city's growth is out of range, in the southern part, given that there is a major range as a sea that is the ability to expand in these areas very low; However, as the city's growth in the southern margin, due to government decisions for tourism growth as well as marine trade, has led to the expansion of human structures in this area. On the other hand, in the northern areas of Bandar Abbas, due to the possibility of developing the city, during the study period, it has been continuously taken to these populations. A point of view can be concluded that the land-related activities of the land market have made a large growth in the north of the city, while the region is in line with the shape of 17, the proportion of these areas for urban development is weak.