نشریه سیاستگذاری شهری و منطقه ای
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1402)

Adolescence is one of the most sensitive and also effective periods in the life of every person. Since one of the contexts of adolescents' lives is school, it is appropriate that adolescents' schools be the basis for the growth and development of their positive behaviors. The present article aims to determine the role of schools’ flexibility on adolescents' social skills (empathy, cooperation, responsibility, assertiveness). Because the development of social skills of girls is different from boys, the statistical population of the study is girls. Research background indicates that flexibility of educational spaces can enhance students 'learning and increase cooperation, participation and interaction of students with each other, but so far no research has been done to determine the effect of school flexibility on students' social skills, so The present research is quite innovative .The research method used in the present research is applied, qualitative-quantitative of the combined type (descriptive-analytical and case study). Data collection methods were library and survey studies with the help of documents, articles and books related to the subject as well as individual observation, Interbitzen and Foster (1992) social skills Questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire of flexibility (with Cronbach's alpha 0.887). Three schools from Shiraz Department of Education were selected by purposive non-probabilistic sampling to distributed randomly the questionnaires and analyze them by using SPSS software as well as individual observation, to determine the relationship between flexibility of educational spaces and students' social skills and determine the most effective indicators and components of flexibility on students' social skills. Chi-square test statistics have shown that there is a significant positive relationship between the two variables, flexibility of educational spaces with students 'social skills, and also between each of the indicators of flexibility (diversity, variability and adaptability) with students' social skills.

The multiplicity of decision-making and decision-making institutions in the field of urban management, their territorial interference, legal and managerial violations, as well as planning are among the challenges for urban management.In order to eliminate and reduce the effects of these challenges, the urban management system needs an integrated management system so that all management institutions act in harmony with each other.The problem studied in this Research is how to achieve integrated urban management despite the many challenges in the city management system (internal and external) that these challenges have not been realized in Iran so far, so the proposal of this study to use the Foresight method . The purpose of this study is to identify all challenges (uncertainties) and identify critical challenges (critical uncertainties) through the foresight process and ultimately select possible future scenarios and plan to achieve integrated management in line with the scenarios ahead. In this study, all uncertainties are extracted and probable futures for the occurrence of each are stated (alternative futures). This work is done by collecting a semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews with urban management actors and relevant experts and specialists. Finally, the proposed process of Foresight method in the integrated management system is expressed so that with the help of this method, a step can be taken towards achieving an integrated urban management.

The purpose of this research is to investigate urban planning policies in order to strengthen ecological networks and to use an integrated approach for planning, designing and managing the environment of Zayandeh Rood River. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done in the form of documentary and library studies. And while explaining the role and position of rivers as a paradigm of natural features, direct observation methods and visual inspection methods were used in field studies as well as GIS maps of Isfahan city. And all the main policies and variables of river protection were identified. And at the end, all the policies adapted from global and national experiences, extraterrestrial plans, etc., according to the opinions of experts and city managers, were valued and prioritized using the Delphi technique. And the realizable and specific strategies of Zayandeh Rood River were presented at different national, regional and urban scales. The findings showed; The complication of partiality in the performance of executive bodies has added to the problems of Zayandeh Rood. The existence of some management inconsistencies, especially in the Zayandeh Rood catchment area, has made it impossible to create a long-term solution to create stability in it. Explaining and establishing a single management and functional system in this watershed can be one of the important goals of water resources control policies in the coming years for this watershed.

The creative city is mainly associated with human capital and its historical monuments are emphasized, and if we come. To classify this creative city, we see that we are faced with two categories of creative cities or two creative floors. Some are producers of ideas and some are users of ideas and investors. In Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, the creative citizen has both given ideas and invested himself. For example, in the city of Hafshjan, the idea and art of welding, which has caused about 70% of these people to be engaged in welding in the country and abroad and cause currency to the country, which can be called (creative welding city) according to the conditions of this city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce the creativity of creative citizens of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, documentary, library, descriptive and field methods have been used. Due to the cultural, natural and religious capacities and potentials, historical and social and tourist attraction, each of the cities of the province has the ability to become a creative city.

Due to its unique qualities, concrete is the second most extensively utilized material in the construction sector after water. However, the Portland cement manufacturing method has significant downsides, as one ton of Portland cement produces approximately one ton of carbon dioxide. As a result, it appears that an alternative to Portland cement is required. The notion of "waste-free" development and the manufacturing of new materials with a lower environmental impact than the priorities, on the other hand, will be the aims of future cities' sustainable development. To continue developing environmentally friendly materials, it is vital to understand the environmental stimuli of new materials as well as assess the environmental effects of traditional building materials. Geopolymer has recently gained popularity as a sustainable, environmentally acceptable substance that can be used instead of Portland cement. Geopolymers are ceramic-like materials with three-dimensional poly-compact structures that are made by chemically activating aluminum and silica-containing solids at low temperatures. Trash or by-products from industry can be used to make geopolymer concrete for use in building, such as coal combustion ash, smelting furnace slag, construction waste, or agricultural waste such as rice paddy. The purpose of this article is to look at the viability of using geopolymer technology in sustainable materials for sustainable urban development in order to reduce pollution and analyze the life cycle. Based on research findings, geopolymer concretes have much better mechanical and chemical quality and also much less energy consumption than conventional concrete and have significant environmental benefits.

Postmodern Philosophers do not consider teaching authoritarianism and the educational system, hierarchy, etc., to be appropriate for some disciplines. In contrast to the authoritarianism that was posed in the modern and earlier years, dialectical and discursive methods have been endorsed by postmodernists, this method is well-known for the creative development that is important in the teaching of architecture. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the quality of learning of architecture education by utilizing postmodern teaching methods. This method seems to be much more suitable for teaching architecture and educating designers. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method, in addition to the description of postmodern education and programming, we have analyzed and explained methods for improving the quality of architecture education. Data collection is based on documents, literature and library studies. The theoretical framework was developed based on the theory of anti—authoritarian education and postmodern education. Finally, strategies to improve this are stated. The results of the article do not seek to define the overall structure in education, but by defining multiple structures in architecture education to increase flexibility and, of course, increase the quality of architecture education. By decentralizing the rules and changing the educational topics in different provinces and climates based on different construction methods, better architectural education is achieved. self-creation is one of the main goals of architecture that can be promoted in a postmodern way, decreasing the focus on the teacher's power and focusing more on the individual ability of students in architectural studios. The role of the teacher is visible as an expert and technician, and through this, the student gains a more complete knowledge of himself and his abilities and completes the path of creativity.