Chronic Diseases Journal
Volume:11 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

Nurses are a powerful force in the health care system and play an important role in the development, improvement, and promotion of care. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness programs with schema therapy on cognitive fusion and referential thinking in female nurses.

The research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group.The statistical population of the research included all the female nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2021,from September to November,from whom 60 nurses were selected by convenience sampling method and replaced in three groups of 20 people, taking into account the entry criteria. Research tools included the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) and Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire(RTQ). The intervention program was implemented for each of the experimental groups during 8 weekly sessions (1 hour). But the control group did not receive these programs. To analyze data, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPSS software were used.

In addition to the effect of time and group, the interaction effect of group × time forreferential thinking (2= 0.327, P = 0.001, F = 12.41) and cognitive fusion (2= 0.263, P = 0.001, F = 9.11) was significant. This finding indicates that the implementation of mindfulness-based therapy and schema therapy has affected the variables of referential thinking and cognitive fusion in nurses.

Based on the findings of the current research, it is recommended to use schema therapy programs as well as mindfulness programs as effective psychological methods to improve referential thinking and cognitive fusion of the staff working in the field of treatment, especially nursing personnel.

Soft tissue tumors (STT) are rare, heterogeneous neoplasm, derived from the mesoderm. The wide range of STT and absence of recognizable architectural patterns on cytology makes the diagnosis of STT through fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) difficult.

This laboratory-based, non–interventional, observational, retrospective study was conducted on 526 diagnosed cases of STT between 2015 and 2019, for cytological and histopathological correlation. In all the cases, complete clinical details, radiological and clinical data, and cytopathological and histopathological diagnosis were recorded from the Hospital Information System and pathology records. The cytological smears were examined and were categorized as benign, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. Corresponding histopathology slides were examined for diagnostic concordance considering histopathology as the “gold standard.” Cytohistopathological correlation was assessed in all cases and the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was expressed as a percentage. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV)‎were calculated using the respective formulae. P values < 0.05 were considered to be significant.

Overall accurate categorizations of benign STT and malignant STT were 61.96% and 17.05%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 93.5%. Its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 83.68%, 97.39%, 91.47%,and 94.20%, respectively. Correlations with a p value < 0.001 were considered significant.

FNAC is an important preliminary diagnostic tool in STT and is helpful in the diagnosis of local recurrence and metastatic tumors in the soft tissue. FNAC has a high degree of correlation with core biopsy, thereby avoiding significant clinical complication associated with it.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) training has positive effects on the resilience and blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of MBCT on resiliency and blood glucose control in patients with T2D.

This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The study population consisted of all patients with T2D in 2018 referring to diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari County, Iran. The sample consistedof 30 (15 for each group) patients with T2D that were selected by availability sampling method and randomly recruited to each of the groups. Next, the experimental group members took part in a total of 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, with one session per week, for MBCT. Instruments for gathering data were the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test. The data were analyzed with the use of SPSS software and statistical tests such as multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The MBCT had a significant impact on resiliency among patients with T2D (P = 0.001, F = 13.828), but the impact of MBCT on blood glucose control was not significant (P = 0.103, F = 2.854).

It seems that MBCT is an applicable treatment for improving psychological health for patients with T2D.

In the present study, electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)was integrated with a stress-based stress reduction program. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training with tDCS in reducing anxiety in adolescents with cancer.

In this quasi-experimental study,the statistical population included all adolescents with cancer in Mahak Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 people were selected and purposefully placed in 3 experimental groups and 1 control group.Patients were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tool used was the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Members of the experimental group participated in sessions of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and tDCS intervention. Members of the control group did not receive any intervention. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and least significant difference post hoc tests were used (P < 0.05).

The mindfulness-based stress reduction program combined with tDCSwas more effective than the separate use of these interventions and reduced anxiety in adolescents with cancer (P < 0.05). Mindfulness-based stress reduction program is more effective than tDCS intervention (P < 0.05). Mindfulness-based stress reduction programs are more effective than tDCS intervention (P < 0.05).

The use of a combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy with tDCS is more effective than using each of these interventions separately and can be combined with the other standard treatment for these patients.

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are prone to certain physical and mental problems. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness of biofeedback on the severity of IBS symptoms and mind ruminationin people with IBS.

The present research was conducted with a pretest-posttest design, a control group, and one-month budget follow-up. The population of this study included all people with IBS who were referred to specialized gastrointestinal clinics in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 volunteers were selected and 15 of them were randomly placed in experimental group 1 (biofeedback) and 15 in the control group. A standardized questionnaire for assessing the severity of IBS symptoms and a rumination questionnaire were used in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. In this study, participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions of biofeedback or biofeedback relaxation. For data analysis, SPSS software was used.

Intervention in the biofeedback group reduced the severity of IBS symptoms and rumination in patients with IBS and this improvement continued until the follow-up stage (P < 0.05).

To better and more effectively improve patients with IBS, psychological therapies are required. These therapies require thecooperation of gastroenterologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists.

Physical activity contributes to the prevention of many chronic illnesses and significantly reduces all-cause mortality. Moreover, the proportion of people globally who are active enough is low, especially in slum areas.

The PEN-3 model was utilized through focus group discussion (FGD) among 48 women who were over 18 years of age, resided in the slum areas of Sanandaj, Iran, in 2020, and were responsible for providing food for the family.After audiotaped conversations were transcribed, a content analysis was conducted. The study methods included the process of open coding and creating categories, grouping codes under higher-ordered headings, and formulating an overall description of the research issues via making abstractcategories and subcategories. Every category was named using specific content-characteristic words and subcategories were then grouped into main categories.

Data analysis yielded 3 domains regarding women’s perspectives toward physical activity. According to the PEN-3 model, the most important cultural impediments were perceptions (benefits of physical activity and lack of prioritization of health). Moreover, enablers (access to facilities, time, cost, and the role of the media), and nurturers (acceptance of group sports, lack of family support, and social stigma) were found to be important factors in having physical activity.

A better understanding of cultural perceptions can help decision-makers in identifying the cultural appropriateness of interventions.

Thisstudy was conducted with the aim to answer the following questions: What were the main reasons for students’ leaving the Telegram network group? How could they be encouraged to stay in such groups?

This was a qualitative study based on ‎the content analysis method of Hsieh and Shannon. Using purposive sampling method, 24 students were recruited from the Islamic Azad University of Saqez in Iran in 2020. Nvivo software was used for data analysis. The reliability of the findings was insured through transcribing the data as soon as possible, accurate recording of the steps of the study, and using a suitable data collection method.

The codes were placed into 10 subcategories and 3 main categories including the challenges of staying in the channel, smoking and not intending to quit, and motivational factors affecting the staying of individuals in the group.

Most of the participants reported the low attractiveness of the channel, the cost of the Internet, Telegram filtering, and cultural reasons as significant challenges. Using photos instead of texts, posing questions for group members to answer, putting story series on the channel, advertising on other channels for this channel, and photos or GIFs were described as motivations for stayingon the channel.

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a pathogen that causes meningitis, septicemia, and abortion in humans. These microorganisms can be transmitted through food.The aim of this study is a comparison of the two important target hemolysin A (hly-A) and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA)genes in the early detection of L. monocytogenes in raw milk samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

In this cross-sectional study, one hundred samples of raw milk were collected from Damavand City, northern part of Iran, in 2015. After deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, the PCR was optimized by using hly-A and 16S rRNA genes. After purification, thePCR product was cloned using a thermocontact TA cloning kitand vector pTZ57R. Data analysis was performed using MINITAB software (Mtb.exe). The chi-square test was used for the statistical test (P < 0.05).

Out of 100 samples, 13 samples have been positive for hly-A and 11 samples have been recognized as positive for 16S rRNA.

Results of our study show that the hly-A target gene has higher performance in molecular diagnosis of L. monocytogenes than 16S rRNA.